In order to achieve good academic performance, in addition to carefully understanding and digesting the learning content, mastering and applying scientific learning methods, calmly facing challenges in the examination room and giving full play to these points, it is also very important to scientifically arrange review for improving examination results. Review is a re-learning process, including the following three steps: first, summarize the book knowledge and move it to paper to form a knowledge network; The second is to transfer the knowledge network on paper into the memory of the brain, use the knowledge already mastered to answer questions, and improve the practical application ability of knowledge through drills; The third is to carry out actual combat drills and fill in the gaps through mock exams. Generally speaking, it is to understand, remember and use.

Specifically, the review should be arranged according to the following three-step review method.

The first step: summarize and organize, and make knowledge networked.

Einstein said: "find out what can lead you to the depths in the books you read, and throw away all other things that overload your mind and make you deviate from the main point." This is a high generalization and summary of his valuable learning experience in his life, which has the same universal guiding significance as relativity.

Review is not a simple mechanical repetition, but a process of networking knowledge, refining and deepening knowledge and understanding.

No matter which subject knowledge, it is a large class time, occupying a line. In the general review, in addition to the network induction of knowledge, we also need to summarize some knowledge from different angles. In particular, some related and scattered knowledge, if summarized, will be of great help to improve the learning effect. ?

First, through induction, we can establish a knowledge system that combines system with emphasis. For example, the chapter on rational numbers in junior high school mathematics can be summarized as follows:

1. Understanding Rational Number System

rational number

Note: rational numbers must be written in the form of fractions, and irrational numbers must not be written in the form of fractions. ?

2. Use the intuitive characteristics of the number axis to establish a unified view of numbers and shapes?

Three elements of number axis: origin, positive direction and unit length. ?

Every real number can be represented by a unique point on the number axis; On the contrary, each point on the number axis represents a unique real number. ?

3. Understand the related concepts of rational numbers

(1) Antique: If the real number A+B = 0, then A and B are antonyms of reciprocal, and the reciprocal of zero is zero. ?

(2) reciprocal: real number A B = 1, then A and B are reciprocal, and zero has no reciprocal; Real number a b =- 1, then a and b are negative reciprocal.

(3) Roots of numbers: Within the range of real numbers, positive numbers have square roots and cubic roots, negative numbers have cubic roots without square roots, and any power root of zero is zero. In the range of real numbers, the positive square root of a positive number is called arithmetic root, also called quadratic root, and the arithmetic root of zero is zero.

(4) Approximate calculation and significant figures: In the approximate calculation of real numbers, both fractions and irrational numbers are converted into decimals first, and the intermediate operation is more accurate by one digit, and the final result is accurate to the required accuracy. In the divisor, from the first non-zero digit on the left to the last digit after rounding, all the digits are called the significant digits of the number. ?

4. Operation of rational numbers (the focus of this chapter)

(1) Arithmetic of Rational Numbers:?

(1) law of addition: the same sign is added to one side, the different sign increases or decreases, and the sign runs with the big one. ?

Rule of subtraction: subtracting a number is equal to adding the reciprocal of this number. ?

③ Multiplication rule: two numbers are multiplied, the same sign is positive, the different sign is negative, and the absolute value is multiplied. Multiply 0 by any number to get 0. ?

Rule of division: dividing by a number is equal to multiplying the reciprocal of this number. 0 cannot be partitioned. ?

⑤ Power operation of rational numbers: any power of positive numbers is positive numbers; The odd power of a negative number is negative and the even power of a negative number is positive. ?

(2) Operating rules:?

① additive commutative law: a+b = b+a?

(2) Additive associative law: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c). ?

③ Multiplicative commutative law: ab=ba. ?

④ Multiplicative associative law: (ab)c=a(bc). ?

⑤ Distribution law of multiplication to addition: a(b+c)=ab+ac. ?

(3) Operation sequence and matters needing attention:

For beginners, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of rational numbers must be changed from subtraction to addition, and division into multiplication. This can prevent mistakes. ?

(2) In the case of three-level operation, the order of operation is to first multiply and root, then multiply and divide, and finally add and subtract. Operations at the same level are operated from left to right in turn. When there are brackets, they should be carried out in the order of small, medium and big brackets, and sometimes the brackets can be removed flexibly. ?

③ We should pay attention to the flexible application of the arithmetic to simplify the calculation, and give priority to the arithmetic with zero sum.

(4) Be able to use scientific notation. ?

⑤ You can check the square root table and cube root table.

Second, through induction, find out the law.

Take the chapter of factorization of junior high school mathematics as an example. There are two main contents in this chapter, one is the concept of factorization, and the other is the method of factorization. There are five methods of factorization: ① extracting common factor, ② formula, ③ cross multiplication, ④ grouping decomposition, ⑤ division and addition. These five methods have a question of who comes first, and there is also a question of which method is suitable for which type of questions. After induction, we can find out the law.

Thirdly, through induction, we can fully distinguish the interrelations and differences between basic concepts. For example, the similarities and essential differences between elements and atoms, compounds and mixtures, ionic compounds and valence of * * *, displacement reactions and substitution reactions can be found by induction to prevent confusion.

Step 2: Keep the basic knowledge in mind, pay close attention to basic skills training, and improve the ability to use knowledge and master problem-solving skills through systematic drills. When reviewing, students can first extract knowledge networks including basic concepts, basic theories and basic methods from textbooks and write them on paper. Then, this knowledge network will be transformed into internal storage knowledge through memory as soon as possible. ?

One of the characteristics of the current standardized examination is the large number of questions, large coverage and emphasis on ability. At the same time, a large number of objective questions in standardized tests need basic knowledge and skills, no matter how agile and quick they are. The first step of this lecture is to build a knowledge network, and the second step is systematic practice, which is inseparable from basic skills and knowledge. ?

The examination instructions issued by the State Education Commission clearly explain the knowledge points and abilities of all subjects. Among them, the so-called emphasis on examination ability on the basis of examination knowledge requires students to master the contents of the courses they have studied and have a strong ability to master basic concepts, theories, ideas, methods and skills. We must pay attention to systematically grasping the internal relations of course content and strive to improve the ability of analyzing and solving problems. Therefore, in the review, we should first thoroughly understand the basic things, and at the same time, we should not only master the basic knowledge, but also learn to comprehensively use knowledge to solve practical problems. ?

Through systematic practice, you can gradually apply your knowledge freely. In the process of exercise, we can gradually explore and master the problem-solving skills, and improve the problem-solving ability and speed. ?

Students usually master exercises after class, which are mainly aimed at unit knowledge and mainly train and test the ability to use unit knowledge. The exercises in the general review of the college entrance examination can no longer stay at this level. On the basis of successfully answering the unit exercises, we should do more comprehensive knowledge application exercises, that is, train the comprehensive skills of system knowledge.

Step 3: Conduct actual combat drills to check for leaks and fill gaps.

It is necessary for candidates to know the type and structure of the test paper, just as a commander needs to know the terrain of the battlefield, so as to know well and prevent mistakes in haste. ?

The specific way is to take the entrance examination papers or simulation papers in the past one or two years, answer them as seriously as the formal exam according to the time requirements, and then score them yourself. When marking papers, it is not only to see how many points you can get, but also to see which questions you can't answer, which questions have wrong answers, which questions have wrong solving steps, which questions have problems in solving skills, and which questions you could have answered but were careless. Doing some practical exercises in this way can play a role in checking leaks and filling gaps. ?

Pay attention to the following questions when answering questions:

The first is to read the test paper and the description of the topic carefully and find out the requirements and methods of answering questions. For example, whether multiple-choice questions are single-choice or double-choice. The common methods of multiple choice questions are elimination method and direct method. The characteristic of elimination method is that according to the knowledge learned, the inconsistent with the question is removed by judgment, and the rest is the correct answer. The characteristic of direct method is that according to the knowledge learned, the answer is obtained through reasoning or calculation, and the same answer is the correct answer by comparing it with the alternative answer. After finding the correct answer when solving a problem, the rest can be ignored. Multiple choice questions are strict, and you should carefully judge each alternative answer when solving problems. Exclusion is often used for less difficult questions, while analysis and reverse reasoning are often used for more difficult questions. The elimination method is the same as the elimination method used in multiple choice questions; The analysis method is to draw a conclusion through analysis; The backward inference method is based on the answer, omitting the disagreement question and taking the rest as the answer. For problems involving calculation, the direct method is often adopted, that is, the calculation result is compared with the alternative answer, and the same answer is the correct answer. ?

The second is to pay attention to the reasons for scoring. Take multiple choice questions as an example, especially double choice questions. It depends on whether you are completely correct before you score, or if you only choose one correct item, you will get half of the score, and there is no deduction. When you encounter multiple-choice questions that are not flip points, you can boldly guess when you are uncertain. When guessing, you should choose the exclusion method to exclude some options, and the rest of the options should be guessed by logical reasoning or intuition. Never dare to choose. However, in case of deduction, it is necessary to prevent uncertain speculation. ?

The third is to find out where the answer is written. If you answer the questions on the machine-readable answer sheet, you should choose the options on the topic sheet, and then blacken the corresponding information points on the answer sheet with a pencil. Pay attention to the drawing standard when painting black. It is best not to change it, but to change it, so as not to be misunderstood by the computer because the painting black is not standardized. ?

Fourth, we should pay attention to grasping the time. Generally speaking, people with multiple-choice questions 1 score use 1 minute, people with 2 scores use two minutes, and people with 3 scores use three minutes. Don't dwell on individual issues for too long. If you can't grasp the question at once, you can choose a reasonable answer first and write down the position of the question on the grass paper. After answering the whole paper, come back and scrutinize it carefully. ?

Fifth, pay attention to short answers before writing. The short answer is simple and clear. When answering questions, we should grasp the most essential connection with the questions and explain the truth clearly. ?

Sixth, we should pay attention to solving big problems, especially calculation problems. If we can do a few steps, we would rather be "incomplete" than "incomplete at all". For the problems that draw conclusions at a glance, we should also write down the steps, step by step, word by word. ? Seventh, pay attention to inspection. When time permits, carefully check and correct any mistakes caused by carelessness, and never hand in the papers in advance.

In addition to the above three-step review method, candidates should also pay attention to self-psychological adjustment, pay attention to diet and sleep, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest and physical exercise. In addition, during the formal examination, you should go home as soon as possible to arrange the review of subjects you have not tested, and don't check the answers with others, so as not to find that your answers are wrong and cause anxiety, which will affect the review and examination of the next subject.