Ancient Egypt generally refers to the Egyptian civilization in the lower reaches of the Nile River during the demise of Persia in Egypt from the 32nd century BC to 343rd BC. Ancient Egypt was a typical hydraulic empire. Religious belief The ancient Egyptians attached great importance to religious belief, so they built huge temples to worship the gods. BC 1200, the largest temple in ancient Egypt-Abu Simpo Temple in Aswan in the middle reaches of the Nile was built. [Editor] Anubis: God who protects life after death. Osiris: Give God eternal life. Hassall: Representing the God of Abundance and Beauty. Ai Xisi (Isis): Osiris's wife, representing the model of a perfect mother. Horus: The son of Osiris, Pharaoh is his position on the earth. Pharaoh The ancient Egyptians believed that gods would live in Pharaoh's body, so they also worshipped Pharaoh as a god. The master of law holds the symbol of life, symbolizing the power of life and death of the Egyptians. The first dynasty in history: 3200-2850 BC. From menes to Qatar, there are eight pharaohs. The second dynasty: 2859-2686 BC. From Hotepseknemoui to kask, * * there are six ancient pharaohs or the third dynasty of Memphis Empire (2686-2 18 1): 2686-26 13 BC. From Neterik-Djeser in Natri to Houni, * * * has five kings. Jossel's rule was the beginning of power and victory. At this time, a magnificent stone building represented by the stepped pyramid building in Shakala appeared. Imhotep, the architect, writer and scholar of the complex, became one of the first great men in history books. This era is a period of the development of a powerful centralized monarchy. The monarch sat in Memphis and appointed the governor to rule the country. Fourth Dynasty: 2665438 BC+03-2494 BC. From Snefrou to Skepseskaf, there were six or seven pharaohs. Judging from the grandeur of the pyramids, the rule of Snefru, Khufu and harff was the peak of this era. The pyramids built in Dashar, Merton and Kisa show the good governance and economic prosperity of the dynasty. The Fifth Dynasty: 2494-2345 BC. From Uzer to Unas, there were nine pharaohs. The most famous are Sahoure and Djedkare-Isesi. In the fifth dynasty, the consciousness of "sun worship" developed rapidly, and the famous pyramid inscription was engraved on the wall of the Wunis pyramid in Shakara. The sixth dynasty: 2345-2 BC181year. From Titi I to Queen Nitocris, the seven kings include Pepi I and Pepy II who lived for hundreds of years. Although the Sixth Dynasty was famous for its military and commercial expeditions as far away as the southern tip of Africa, Memphis, a place where some governors kept expanding and concentrating in history, was threatened and caused civil strife. In the first transitional period (2181-1991year BC), the rule of the seventh dynasty lasted only 70 days. Eighth dynasty: 2 18 1- 2 130 BC. * * * There were eight to twenty-seven pharaohs, but their names were not recorded. The ninth dynasty to the tenth dynasty: 265438 BC+030 BC-2040 BC in the north. There are six pharaohs, three of whom are called Katie. Eleventh dynasty: 2 130-2040 BC in the south. * * * There are three pharaohs. Montuhotep II unified the whole country in 2050 BC, and the Thebes monarch of the 1 1 dynasty ruled the whole of Egypt. Although this makes their hometown Thebes more and more important, it is still not enough to replace Memphis. The rulers of Thebes had to travel back and forth in fashion, and built palaces and small towns such as Yiti-Tawi at the entrance of Fayoum in the 12 dynasty. The dynasty moved the center of power northward without giving up Thebes, showing a strong centralization that was gradually restored. The Middle Kingdom or the First Empire of Thebes (BC 199 1- 1786) The end of the eleventh dynasty: 2060-2000 BC. Three Montuhot elders unified Egypt for the first time around 2040 BC. Twelfth dynasty: 2000 BC-1786. Seven pharaohs were named Amon Hamat or Sesot Rees, and the last ruler was Queen Nefirul of Zeebek. Like other countries in the world, stability and turmoil always appear alternately. The provincial decentralization forces and other forces unknown in history destroyed the Thebes regime inherited from the twelfth dynasty, and Egypt was divided into many vassal States. The second transitional period (BC 1786- 1567) 13th to 14th dynasties: BC 1786- 1674. There are about forty pharaohs, some of whom are named Sebehotep. Some pharaohs ruled the northern, central and southern old French areas at the same time. Since BC 1730, these kings have only been vassals of Pharaoh Hikso. Fifteenth to sixteenth generations: BC 1674- 1567. The 16th dynasty is called "Little Sissok" dynasty, which only exists in the eastern delta. There were five pharaohs in the Great Sissok Dynasty, including one Khyan and two Apopi. Seventeenth dynasty: BC 1674- 1567. Ten pharaohs ruled Thebes and its surrounding areas. They are vassals of Sissok. The last three pharaohs, Ta 'a I, Ta 'a II and Ka Mosis, began to struggle with the Sissok people in the north. The New Kingdom or the Second Kingdom of Thebes (BC 1567- 1085) 18th Dynasty: BC 1567- 1320. From Ahmosis to Horan Heb, * * * has fourteen monarchs, including four Bittemos and four Amenorfis. Empress Ashipusu, Empress Ahnatun and Empress Tutankhamun all belonged to this dynasty. 19th dynasty: BC 1320- 1200. Nine pharaohs of Ramses, including Ramesses I II and seti i II. Twentieth dynasty: BC 1200- 1085. Ten monarchs, except the first named Sethnakht, are all named Ramses. The third transitional period (BC 1085-7 15) The 21st dynasty: BC 1085-945. In tanis, there are Daisy, Pusunas I and II. Rehor and Pinajem ruled Thebes. 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Information of ancient Egypt ● The pyramids of Giza were built in 2600 BC, and are now one of the seven major landscapes in the world ● The places where ancient Egypt sleeps depend on the situation, including sleeping on benches and mats, and sleeping on the roof in summer ● Egyptian cuisine is not necessarily, it has absorbed the influence of native countries, Greece and other Mediterranean countries. Unlike Tunisia or Mexico, Egyptian food was spicy. Men and women in ancient Egypt had to wear makeup. One day in BC 1 170, some workers ran out of cosmetics in the imperial tomb. * * ● Egypt 10 must-see attractions, the third place is the second statue of a great man in the Giza Pyramid, and the first place is the Cairo Museum, which has 654.38+10,000 pieces of ancient Egyptian civilization, revealing the past glory of Egypt. Everything you see is amazing. It was not until about 304 BC, when the Greek general Ptolemy himself became king, that Maneteau, an Egyptian priest and scholar, was asked to write a history of Egypt. Unfortunately, this most complete history of Egypt at that time was burned when Julius Caesar attacked Egypt in 47 BC, and hundreds of thousands of other ancient Egyptian manuscripts in the library of Alexandria were also burned. The burning of this period of Egyptian history is really an irreparable loss. Fortunately, some other works at that time quoted some contents of this book and let us know some fragments of ancient Egyptian history. Up to now, Egyptian scholars still generally follow Maneteau's division of Egyptian history, but the exact dates of many historical events are still unclear, and they also have different views on the dating of ancient Egyptian history. The characters used by ancient Egyptians in nmns.edu/New/Exhibits/89/Egypt/bginfo/bginfo_eg, are often called "hieroglyphics", which is one of the oldest languages in the world, dating back to the 4th century BC.

From 000 to 1 1 century, it was the essence of ancient Egyptian language. Ancient Egyptians liked to carve hieroglyphics on stone tablets and use them to describe nearly 5.

This extraordinary cultural record has a history of more than 000 years, far exceeding the language development in other parts of mankind. Student.wtuc.edu/~1093200055/,from pyramids to various totems, once again shows the ancient Egyptians' talent in mathematics. There is evidence that the ancient Egyptians began to invent numbers in 3000 BC, from the simplest 1 to 10, 100, 1000, 10000. This time, let's see how they write numbers. Student.wtuc.edu/~1093200055/abu simbel temple, also known as the Temple of Ramses II, was built by Ramses II. The temple was built on a cliff, facing the Nile in ancient times and Nubia in the south to show off the greatness of Ramses II. The four colossus at the entrance of the temple, 20 meters high, are all sitting statues of Ramses II. There are several much smaller stone statues next to the statue, which are the dependents of Ramses II. Student.wtuc.edu/~1093200055/:The Great Pyramid and the Sphinx, the main historical sites in great pyramid of giza, were built during the ancient kingdom period and the fourth dynasty (about 2575-2465 BC) student.wtuc.edu/~1093200055/(1) Religion in ancient Egypt. At that time, people still couldn't get rid of nature spiritually. In their view, all natural things, such as the sun, moon, stars, wind, fire, thunder and lightning, mountains, rivers and animals and plants, all represent mysterious and irresistible forces that can dominate people's reproduction and life and death. So they worship all these as gods, as well as the Nile, the sun, the desert, lions, crocodiles, snakes and so on. They have become the objects of their worship, and totem worship has also developed. Each tribe chooses the plants in the special animal areas in this region as totems and regards them as sacred objects, believing that they have extremely close ties with tribal members and can protect them. In this way, the original gods mainly appeared in the form of animals. The winners of prehistoric animal tombs and animal images on the palette showing war scenes show people's awe of the gods represented by animals. The unification of ancient Egyptian countries did not unify religious beliefs. On the contrary, patrons from all over the world entered the Pantheon in ancient Egypt and were worshipped by people. With the development of history, new gods appear constantly, and therefore, the number of gods is increasing. There are 200 gods with obvious characteristics, and there are almost countless gods with vague characteristics or short existence time. There is no organic connection between God and God, and the relationship is complex and chaotic, and some even contradict each other. For example, Seth, the god of the desert, is usually the uncle of Horus, the eagle god, but sometimes he is Horus' brother. The ancient Egyptians didn't seem to care about many unreasonable things. They even worshipped hostile gods. This concept of tolerance for gods is the reason why polytheism prevailed in ancient Egypt for a long time. Generally speaking, gods have their own worship centers and activity areas. They play a role in a limited area, but their influence in other places tends to weaken or even become unknown. But there are also a few gods worshipped in upper and lower Egypt, such as Ra (Re), Osiris, Horus, Ptah, Toth, Seth, Amon, Hathor, lsis, etc. They may be the God of Egypt. According to legend, Horus, the eagle-headed man, was the son of Osiris and the goddess Isis. He once regained the throne from Seva for his father, so he has always been regarded as the patron saint of the king, on an equal footing with the king. Osiris was originally the king of Egypt, but he was killed by his brother. Thanks to the help of his wife Isis and the gods, he came back to life and became the Lord of the underworld. As the sun god, Lashen has always enjoyed a lofty and lasting position in ancient Egypt. He was in charge of the order of heaven and earth and became the national god of Egypt from the fifth dynasty. Puta is the patron saint and creator of craftsmen. Amon was originally the local god of Thebes, and became the national god of Egypt after the new kingdom. He is called the king of the gods, and his position is extremely prominent. Toth is in the shape of a bird's head. He is the god of wisdom. Legend has it that hieroglyphics were invented by him. Hart is a goddess. She has many images, sometimes human, sometimes like an ox or a lion. She is in charge of love, dance, wine and distant land. In short, there were countless gods in ancient Egypt, and they generally had their own spheres of influence and exercised different ministries. Several gods have universal influence throughout the country. While many gods coexist, there is only one supreme god in the whole country. The supreme god (that is, God) is constantly changing with the rise and fall of Pharaoh's lineage and political center. From the beginning of the dynasty to the end of the history of ancient Egypt, Horus, Putah, Rashin, Amon and Nite all occupied the position of gods.