The knowledge and application of basic mathematics is an indispensable part of individual and group life. The refinement of its basic concepts can be found in ancient mathematical documents of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and ancient India. Since then, its development has continued to make small progress. But algebra and geometry at that time were still in an independent state for a long time.
Algebra can be said to be the most widely accepted "mathematics". It can be said that algebra is the first mathematics that everyone has come into contact with since childhood. As a subject of learning numbers, algebra is also one of the most important parts of mathematics. Geometry is the earliest branch of mathematics studied by people.
Until the Renaissance in16th century, Descartes founded analytic geometry, which linked algebra and geometry which were completely separated at that time. From then on, we can finally prove the theorem of geometry through calculation; At the same time, abstract algebraic equations can also be graphically represented, and then more subtle calculus can be developed.
The evolution of extended data mathematics can be regarded as the continuous development of abstraction and the extension of subject matter. Eastern and western cultures have also adopted different angles. European civilization developed geometry, and China developed arithmetic. The first abstract concept is probably number (China's arithmetic), and its cognition that two apples and two oranges have something in common is a great breakthrough in human thought.
Besides knowing how to calculate the number of actual objects, prehistoric humans also knew how to calculate the number of abstract concepts, such as time-date, season and year. Arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) will naturally occur.
In addition, writing or other systems that can record numbers are needed, such as Mu Fu or chips used by the Incas. There are many different counting systems in history.
In ancient times, the main principles in mathematics were the study of astronomy, the rational distribution of land and grain, taxation and trade. Mathematics is formed to understand the relationship between numbers, measure land and predict astronomical events. These needs can be simply summarized as the study of quantity, structure, space and time in mathematics.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-mathematics