Analyze the development history of architectural aesthetics from the height of philosophy; This paper expounds the revolutionary transformation of architectural concept, aesthetic concept and aesthetic research, and summarizes the basic characteristics of contemporary architectural aesthetics. Key words: essence, function, characteristics, misunderstandings, and artistic laws. Foreword Facing high-rise buildings and various high-end hotels, their modeling has its special significance. Can you understand their history, their meaning, their language and their beauty? Please read this article carefully, which will lead you from China to the world, appreciate all kinds of high-end hotels created by human beings, appreciate the wonderful taste of colorful buildings, understand the silent forms, colorful colors and diverse textures of all kinds of buildings, understand the essence, functions, characteristics and artistic laws of architectural beauty, and understand the position of architecture in human spiritual life. At the same time, it will also tell you how to make the place where you live, study, work, communicate and move comfortable. The essence of architectural aesthetics Architectural aesthetics is an important branch of artistic aesthetics and architecture. Based on architecture and aesthetics, it is a new discipline that studies beauty and aesthetics in the field of architecture. The basic task of architectural aesthetics is how to create architectural beauty according to the law of beauty and the relationship and interaction among creative subject, object, ontology and receptor. Its specific contents are: the aesthetic essence and characteristics of architectural art; The relationship between aesthetic creation of architectural art and real life; The development of architectural art and the evolution of architectural concepts, schools and styles; The law of formal beauty in architectural art; The creation law of architectural art and its proper aesthetic character: the aesthetic value and function of architectural art; Appreciating the psychological mechanism, process, characteristics, significance and methods of architectural art, according to the current development trend of architectural aesthetics, focuses on the relationship between architectural beauty and urban and rural environment, the aesthetic effect of architectural beauty, and the relationship between architectural beauty and landscape architecture. The role of architectural aesthetics Although architecture has come a long way with human beings, architectural aesthetics appeared in the 20th century. Rogers Scranton, a British aesthetician, used aesthetic theory to discuss the basic features of architecture from an aesthetic point of view, such as practicality, regionality, technology, total efficiency, publicity, etc. He can be regarded as the founder of architectural aesthetics. Tolbert hamlin, a modern American architect, put forward the principle of 10 of the technical beauty of modern architecture, namely, unity, balance, proportion, scale, rhythm, order in layout, rules and irregular order design, individuality, style and color, which comprehensively summarized the basic contents of architectural aesthetics. In addition, Bauhaus's architectural aesthetics theory is more related to modernism, while American architect Venturi discusses the beauty and aesthetics of architecture from the perspective of semiotics. The basic task of architectural aesthetics is how to create architectural beauty according to the law of beauty and the relationship and interaction among creative subject, object, ontology and receptor. Its specific contents are: the aesthetic essence and characteristics of architectural art; The relationship between aesthetic creation of architectural art and real life; The development of architectural art and the evolution of architectural concepts, schools and styles; The law of formal beauty in architectural art; The creation law of architectural art and its proper aesthetic character: the aesthetic value and function of architectural art; Appreciating the psychological mechanism, process, characteristics, significance and methods of architectural art, according to the current development trend of architectural aesthetics, focuses on the relationship between architectural beauty and urban and rural environment, the aesthetic effect of architectural beauty, and the relationship between architectural beauty and landscape architecture. The characteristics of architectural aesthetics The beauty of architecture lies in that it is rooted in and subordinate to the natural environment. Various architectural forms and styles are suitable for different natural environments, and are integrated with landscapes, forests and topography, forming their own beautiful languages of various architectural cultures. Different regions and different natural environments, as a summary of man and nature, take root and sprout like plants. It is suitable for the requirements of natural environment in various regions and is integrated with nature. The beauty of architecture lies in its poetry, and the architecture of classical gardens in China is a typical example. Although he constantly uses a variety of visual techniques such as borrowing scenery, contrasting scenery and framing to show people the picturesque artistic conception, he has never had such a shocking charm just by visual impact. In addition to the cultural background and philosophical thoughts contained in China's classical gardens, his profound meaning lies in mobilizing people's other sensory perception. "Phoenix is like a flute, running water is a whistle" to express its voice; "The golden wind in the bamboo courtyard is fine, and the lotus pond is fragrant" shows its taste; "Gather stones as mountains and surround the water as pools" embodies his scale, not to mention the feelings expressed by "being claustrophobic and alone, climbing high and being open-minded". The architectural beauty of China is all-encompassing: the bamboo shadow is swaying, the wind is dancing lightly, the fragrance is lingering, and the fragrance is far clear; The pool scenery is pleasant, the pavilions are pleasant, and so on. It is this beautiful voice and the beautiful moon that created the perceptual image of China's classical gardens and embodied his poetry. The beauty of architecture is a multiaxial coordinate system. It is different in different historical periods, different regional cultures and different ethnic backgrounds. In ancient China, people's aesthetic standards were unified. Just like centralization at that time, almost all the architectural means at that time were mobilized to create a complete art form. Therefore, China's architecture embodies Confucianism, orthodoxy and verve; China gardens contain Taoist thoughts and try to imitate nature, which is very free and changeable. In ancient Greece, all knowledge in philosophy and art pursued eternal perfection, so they pursued spiritual perfection on the spiritual level, while in nature they pursued an eternal image beauty. To some extent, their beauty is single. The beauty of architecture lies in its randomness and exquisiteness, although it is natural for people to create art. Whether collage, variation, deformity or adventure, the sense of "disharmony" in contemporary architectural design is a noteworthy trend. The beauty of architecture lies in the interweaving of reason and reason. The evolution of architecture, in a sense, is the development process in which emotion and reason are intertwined. The relationship between emotion and reason has gradually developed from conflict to mutual integration. The beauty of architecture lies in the influence of science and technology on art and architectural creation, which is the most distinctive feature of the development of art and architecture in the 20th century and is beneficial to the previous era. The progress of technology makes the dream of architects possible. The function of art is to express the relationship with people, nature and society, enrich life and experience the rhythm and poetry of nature and life emotionally. At this time, a new architectural aesthetic system represented by anti-form aesthetics, high-tech aesthetics, ecological aesthetics and sustainable development aesthetics has gradually formed in the architectural field. As we said above, repetition, if the interval is always the same, then the rhythm will be consistent, forming a unified situation. But we are not satisfied with the unchangeable principle of unity, and we will seek some changes in the repetition of unity. This change of unity can not only reduce the possibility of boredom, but also attract people's attention and pleasure. The choice between unity and change is sometimes just a thin line. Although we all hope to have changes in unity and seek unified formulas and rules in change, it is not easy to create them in practice, because too much unity will lead to boredom, while too much change will lead to chaos. In a word, a building with rich cultural connotation can not only embody the cultural tradition and humanistic spirit of the environment, but also interpret the concept of beauty by itself. The rich language packages of architecture are wrapped in endless aftertaste. The misunderstanding of architectural aesthetics: Architectural image and architectural aesthetics are one of the areas of urban strategic research, and they are also issues that many real estate developers must care about. There is a simple reason. If the house invested and developed is not beautiful in appearance and is not easily accepted by the market, sales will also be affected, and the future project development ability will be questioned by the market.
In today's real estate project development market in China, the architectural image and architectural aesthetics are considered to come only from people's feelings in most cases. In Beijing, it was once required that the design of major buildings must have a large roof; In the eyes of experts, the projects that many cities in the south are proud of are actually not worth mentioning; More common is the intervention of administrative officials, who decide the elevation and shape of the project according to their own aesthetics.
In Beijing, the Asian Games Village was once widely praised as "beautiful", but now there are not many teenagers. Even after three major renovations in major buildings, everyone admitted that it was actually just a pile of garbage. Only when Beijing hosts the Olympic Games can it build a so-called "more beautiful" new Olympic village.
In fact, it is a big mistake to decide "the beauty of architecture" by feeling. Internationally, architectural image and architectural aesthetics are a special research field, and several famous universities in Britain have such professional settings. Its main research theory is fractal geometry, and the beauty of architecture can be quantitatively evaluated by calculating the fractal dimension. In fact, architectural beauty is related to people's feelings, but it also has a lot to do with the application of mathematics.
Objectively speaking, these international experts have a low evaluation of the Shanghai architecture that many of us think is already beautiful. They believe that the buildings in Shanghai are still monotonous. If calculated, the fractal dimension of the buildings will not be too high, and the long-term development of Shanghai, especially the large-scale construction of such buildings, will eventually affect the vitality of the city.
Objectively speaking, the real estate market in China is still a primitive market, and the industry is also a primitive industry. The level of specialization and professionalization has not yet reached the ideal level. At this time, it is difficult for us to guarantee that the current "urban beauty" will be praised as a beauty decades later. The artistic laws of architectural aesthetics are mainly embodied in various aesthetic elements, which can be summarized as: theme, emphasis, proportion, scale, rhythm, harmony, contrast, contrast, symmetry, balance, metaphor, reality, texture and so on. If these abstract aesthetic elements are used properly, it is possible to create beautiful buildings that can be appreciated. The ancient Greeks probably paid attention to and explored the source of aesthetic feeling. After carefully observing all kinds of things in nature, they found a principle: nothing has a certain proportional relationship in form. The so-called proportion is simply that there is a numerical relationship between each part or component of an object and the whole, and there is also a numerical relationship between each part and other parts. The biggest inspiration of the proportional relationship is that any object will begin to have visual beauty as long as it has a certain proportional relationship; Moreover, we feel that most of the forms of beauty have harmonious proportions. The greatest contribution of the Greeks in the pursuit of formal beauty is to observe the objects that they feel beautiful in nature in detail, analyze their proportional relationship, and based on the numerical relationship, it has been affecting the development of the whole western architecture since then. Another relationship related to proportion is the modulus relationship of 19 developed by Corbusier in the 1940s. Its concept is like the separatist regime formed by "tatami" in traditional Japanese houses. Because the long side of tatami is twice as long as the short side, no matter how it is combined, there is a certain fixed proportion. Such a benchmark relationship can make the size of furniture more systematic, and there will be no contradiction between different furniture arrangements. Proportion scale and sense of space The proportion we talked about earlier is a set of order relations based on nature and human aesthetic feeling. It can be said that architecture itself is absolutely related, but there is also an aesthetic factor, that is, scale. It is based on the consideration of architectural aesthetics, and, like proportion, is to establish a harmonious visual order. Proportion is to realize the harmonious relationship of the building itself, while scale is to pursue the harmonious relationship between the building and the surrounding environment. The aesthetic level of scale is the relative relationship between architecture and people. One of the main challenges faced by architects is to create space so that people can have a specific sense of space in different spaces. For example, in order to create an awe-inspiring sense of space and show the greatness of God and the smallness of human beings, the huge space of Hagia Sophia in Turkey and the towering main halls of all Gothic churches are very successful examples. The height and size of the space in architect Wright's flowing water villa provide a kind and pleasant scale for the owners. There are several examples above. The shaping of the sense of space depends on different natural environments, different regions, different use functions and even different fat and thin users, which is by no means static. The balance, symmetry, asymmetry and radiation of everything can move people. We must look at the objects through our visual system before we can have a spiritual feeling in the next stage. So these aesthetic elements are to satisfy the visual system of most people. This feature is reflected in the aesthetic factors of architecture, which is visual balance. The form of pursuing balance has always appeared in the history of architecture. Whether it is the architectural development since Egypt, Greece and Rome, or the familiar China traditional architecture-the Forbidden City complex, most of these architectural forms follow symmetry and balance. Architectural theorists of past dynasties often use the symmetry of human body to compare the solemn and elegant symmetry beauty of architecture. Repetition and rhythm We often hear the phrase "Architecture is solidified music". When this most appropriate view is put forward, it can best illustrate the bridge between music and architecture, but both of them have a proportional relationship that has been discussed since Greek times (the specific proportion of several intervals in music and architecture comes from the same set of mathematical relations), that is, they all emphasize the aesthetic feeling brought by repetition. Uniformly changing the contrast tension is like the repetition we talked about above. If the interval is always the same, then the rhythm will be consistent, forming a unified situation. But we are not satisfied with the unchangeable principle of unity, and we will seek some changes in the repetition of unity. This change of unity can not only reduce the possibility of boredom, but also attract people's attention and pleasure. The choice between unity and change is sometimes just a thin line, although we all want unity. With the development of the times, the aesthetics of contemporary architecture is also changing. Today, in addition to the above-mentioned aesthetic elements such as proportion, scale, contrast and balance, it pays more attention to the treatment of space and the metaphorical effect of architectural art, emphasizing the combination of subjective aesthetic opinions and architectural composition rules, which has contributed to the emergence of various schools in the field of architectural art today. Sometimes, aesthetic effects can be mistaken for practical needs. For example, modern glass curtain wall buildings seem to be striving for more lighting. In fact, there is no need for such a large lighting area indoors, which is entirely the need of modern aesthetics. On the contrary, too much glass will not only block the sun, but also increase the energy consumption of air conditioners. Another example is some high-tech works. On the surface, the framework seems to be the need of structure and equipment, but in fact, it is to express some artistic ideas and to increase the spatial level, which has nothing to do with the needs of structure and equipment.