The guiding principle of mathematics learning method is the basic rules for students' mathematics learning according to their learning tasks, learning rules and learning experience. It is a criterion used to guide and improve students' learning and improve learning efficiency and quality.
1. system principle
Students are required to form a certain system in their minds and become an organic part of knowledge. In teaching and learning, we should organically link the formation of concepts with the systematization of knowledge, and strengthen the logical connection among all parts of learning basic knowledge, between each other and between mathematics and physics, chemistry and biology. Pay attention to reveal the internal essence of its change from macro to micro, attach great importance to and systematize the old-new relationship from known to unknown in peacetime, so that the learned knowledge will become a small system and a large structure first, and meet the requirements of systematization.
2. The principle of pertinence
It is the most fundamental principle to guide students according to the characteristics of mathematics and the actual characteristics of students. First, we should guide students according to their age characteristics. Generally speaking, junior high school students have narrow knowledge, poor thinking ability, short attention and poor learning ability. Therefore, the guidance for junior high school students should be concrete, vivid and vivid, with more typical examples and emphasis on the cultivation of specific learning skills. Let students form good study habits. High school students are different, with wide knowledge and strong understanding. Therefore, we can introduce some methods of learning mathematics knowledge to students, pay attention to the cultivation of learning ability, and offer courses on learning methods. Secondly, we should guide students according to their different types. There are roughly four types of students: the first type, excellent type, solid foundation, good study, high intelligence and stable performance at an excellent level. The second kind. But I won't take the initiative to play, my study is not practical enough, my two basics are not solid enough, and my academic performance is unstable. The third kind is serious. You study hard, but your methods are dead, your ability is poor, your foundation is not solid enough, and your grades can't go up. The fourth kind is inferior. You are not interested in learning, don't work hard, have poor foundation, dead methods, weak ability and poor academic performance, and are in a kind of "learning derailment". For the second kind, it mainly solves the problem of learning attitude; For the third main solution; For the fourth, it mainly solves the problems of interest, self-confidence and specific methods.
3. Practical principles
Learning method is actually a practical skill. In order for students to truly master the learning methods, it is necessary to carry out method training (that is, practice) to make it automatic and skillful. In guidance, it is forbidden to simply impart knowledge and learn without using it. When training methods, it is necessary to combine the specific content, so that students can master learning methods in specific applications.
4. Practical principles
The ultimate goal of learning method guidance is to learn things in less time, correct bad methods and develop good study habits. Therefore, we should give priority to conventional methods, talk more about how to do it and less about why, and strive to explain the theory in simple terms, which is easy to understand, readable and easy for students to accept. Pay attention to some important personal learning methods, such as how to take notes, how to accumulate information, how to use reference books and how to read.
5. The principle of autonomy
To guide students to optimize their learning methods, the key point is to give full play to their subjectivity and initiative in learning and ensure their dominant position. Therefore, in the process of organizing teaching, teachers should strive to implement the principle of students' autonomy and actively create conditions so that students can have as much time and space as possible for self-study, independent thinking and problem solving.
6. Consolidate principles in time
Timely consolidation is the need of learning and development. For example, mathematical symbols, concepts, theorems and formulas are all unique expressions of mathematics. Teaching practice shows that the inability to learn and remember mathematical symbols, concepts, theorems and formulas is an important reason for students' poor learning quality and learning difficulties. Only by consolidating in time can the application be transferred.
The instruction of mathematics learning method is the whole of power system, execution system, control system and feedback system, which is composed of non-intelligence factors, learning methods, learning habits, learning ability and learning effect. Ignoring any one of these systems will directly affect the overall function of mathematics learning method teaching. Therefore, the guidance of mathematics learning methods should be carried out from the perspective of the whole system, guiding students to strengthen their learning literacy, stimulate their learning motivation, and guide students to master and form their own personality characteristics and scientific learning methods.
1. Form a good guidance of non-intellectual factors.
Non-intelligence factors are the driving force to guide learning methods. Positive non-intellectual factors can make students' enthusiasm for learning last forever. We should give priority to cultivating students' good non-intelligence factors. Specifically, we can start from the following aspects:
(1) Stimulate learning motivation, that is, stimulate students' internal psychological mechanism and arouse their enthusiasm for all psychological activities. First, with the wide application of mathematics, students' enthusiasm for learning mathematics well is stimulated. Second, with China's outstanding achievements in the field of mathematics, cultivate students' patriotism and stimulate their learning motivation. Third, excavate the aesthetic education factors in mathematics, and let students be influenced by beauty. In addition, teachers can also. Teachers can also use vivid, close to students and humorous language to infect students; Teachers can also arrange a rigorous and vivid teaching structure to form a warm and harmonious atmosphere, so that students can study actively and happily and fully mobilize their enthusiasm and initiative in learning.
(2) Exercise learning will. Psychologists believe: "Will is manifested in overcoming difficulties, and it is also developed in experiencing setbacks and overcoming difficulties. Difficulty is a' whetstone' to cultivate students' willpower. "So, in mathematics teaching, we should always give students exercises with appropriate difficulty, so that they can solve problems independently in independent thinking (but we should pay attention to the difficulty, because it is too difficult to dampen students' confidence and too easy to exercise students.
(3) Develop good study habits. First, put forward different requirements for students at different levels; Second, repeated training, perseverance; Third, lead by example and stimulate consciousness; Fourth, evaluate and praise to encourage development; Fifth, establish learning rules and regulations and strictly manage them; Sixth, create a good learning environment, such as building school spirit, study style, teaching style and class spirit.
2. Guidance on internalization of mathematics learning methods
(1) The importance of correctly understanding mathematics learning methods. Inspire students to realize that scientific learning methods are an important factor to improve their academic performance, and run this idea through the whole teaching process. For example, combined with the content of teaching materials, some successful examples of using scientific learning methods are told, seminars on mathematics learning methods are held, students with excellent academic performance are allowed to introduce their experiences, and columns to discuss learning methods are set up.
(2) Guide students to master scientific mathematics learning methods.
① Reasonable infiltration. In teaching, we should explore the learning factors in the teaching materials and infiltrate the learning guidance into the teaching process.
(2) camera instructions. Teachers should have a strong sense of guiding learning methods, seize the best opportunity in combination with teaching, and make the finishing touch on learning methods.
(3) timely summary. When imparting knowledge and training skills, teachers should guide students to sum up what they have learned in time according to teaching practice, gradually improve it systematically and find out the regular things.
④ Migration training. Summarize what you have learned, rationally reflect on learning methods, strengthen and transfer their application, and master learning methods in training.
(3) Offering instruction courses on mathematics learning methods. The study method is best arranged in Grade One (Grade One, Grade One). The time is usually one semester or one school year every one or two weeks, which should be included in the mathematics teaching plan. It is necessary to combine positive and negative examples, the specific knowledge of mathematics and the characteristics of learning methods, and the students' ideological reality, and train while demonstrating. For example, examples of teaching celebrities and excellent students to learn, or negative teaching materials. This paper introduces general learning methods such as how to read, how to review and how to remember. Elaborate the strategy and thinking mode of solving mathematical problems; And so on. Of course, law courses can sometimes be taught by students themselves, or excellent students can be invited to introduce their experiences, or relevant teachers can be invited to give special reports, or discussions can be held.
(4) Correct instruction of mathematics learning methods. Students will always expose such problems in the process of mathematics learning, which requires teachers to have a clear understanding of the problems existing in students' learning, be good at finding the crux of the problems, pay close attention to students' learning situation in the teaching process, strengthen investigation and observation, and it is best to establish a personal file of each student's learning situation, record and take corresponding measures at any time to make targeted corrections, so that students can improve their learning methods, gradually master scientific learning strategies and improve their learning efficiency.
In short, the guidance of students' mathematics learning methods should strive to change ideas and teaching methods, in-class and out-of-class, learning methods and teaching methods, teachers' guidance and students' exploration, unified guidance and individual guidance, and establish a crisscross learning guidance network to promote students to master the correct learning methods.