"Optimization" is a word often used in life: when taking a taxi, I hope the driver will not detour and take the optimized route; Consider all kinds of preferential activities when visiting the supermarket, hoping to get the biggest discount; Enterprises should comprehensively consider the cost and market attractiveness when launching new products, optimize the allocation of funds, and so on. These problems are "optimization problems" and typical problems in mathematical modeling. The mathematical method to solve the optimization problem is "optimization method". The starting point of optimization method is system thinking, and the basic idea of optimization method is to ensure the rational allocation of resources in all aspects under certain constraints, maximize a certain performance of the system or the overall performance of the system, and finally achieve the most ideal result.

Establish a mathematical model and solve it by optimization method, which mainly includes the following steps: (1) define the target, analyze the background of the problem, determine the constraint conditions, and collect comprehensive objective data and information; (2) Establishing mathematical model, establishing mathematical relationship between variables and establishing objective function; (3) Analyze the mathematical model, and comprehensively select the most suitable optimization method for the model; (4) To solve the model, usually with the help of computers and mathematical analysis software; (5) Test and realize the optimal solution.