During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China also had an academic atmosphere in which a hundred schools of thought contended, but it did not practice democratic politics among the rulers of ancient Greece, but practiced the system of king rule. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were also the golden age for intellectuals to express their opinions freely. Thinkers and mathematicians at that time, the main goal was to help the king rule his subjects and manage the country. Therefore, most of the ancient mathematics in China appeared in the form of "management mathematics", aiming at the practical goals of national management, such as measuring fields, building water conservancy projects, distributing labor, calculating taxes and transporting grain. Rational discussion takes a back seat here. Therefore, from the cultural point of view, China mathematics can be said to be "management mathematics" and "carpenter mathematics", and its existence form is official documents. China Mathematics emphasizes practical management mathematics, but it has made great progress in algorithm. The application of negative numbers, the root method of solving equations, Yang Hui's triangle (Jia Xian's), Zu Chongzhi's calculation of pi, the art of heaven and other exquisite calculation topics can only be born in China, but they are despised by ancient Greek civilization.

1. Mathematics and literature. The thinking methods of mathematics and literature are often interlinked. For example, middle school curriculum has "symmetry" and literature has "duality". Symmetry is a transformation, but some properties remain unchanged after it changes. Axisymmetric, that is, folded in half according to the axis of symmetry, the shape and size of the figure remain unchanged. So what is the opposite? It's just that the upper couplet has become the lower couplet, but some characteristics of words and expressions remain unchanged. Wang Wei's poem says, "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream". Here, the bright moon and clear springs are all natural scenery and have not changed. Adjective "Ming" is the same as "Qing" and noun "Yue" is the same as "Quan". The rest is the same. The immutability of change exists widely in culture, literature and mathematics. The "dual theory" in mathematics and the change and invariance in topology are the embodiment of this idea. Literary artistic conception and mathematical concepts also have similarities. Mr. Xu Lizhi has long pointed out that "sailing alone, the blue sky is exhausted", which is the artistic conception of the limit concept.

2. Euclidean geometry and China's ancient concept of time and space. Chen Ziang, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, said, "Where was the past before me? Behind me, where are the future generations? I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, and my tears fall. " This is a literary description of time and three-dimensional Euclidean space. In Chen Ziang's view, both ends of time are infinite. Taking oneself as the origin can be compared to a straight line. The sky is flat and the earth is flat. Living in this distant and empty time and space, human beings can't help but feel deeply. Mathematics formalizes this feeling of life accurately. The poet's imagination can complement our mathematical understanding.

3. Mathematics and language. Language is the carrier and shell of culture. A cultural expression of mathematics is to integrate mathematics into language. "Willy-nilly" involves multiplication, and "three times two divided by five will solve it" is a abacus formula. Another example is "foolproof", which is a metaphor for "absolute assurance" in China language. However, this idiom can be considered in connection with "small probability events". "One in 100,000 chance" is also not allowed on the parts of the spacecraft. In addition, "exponential explosion" and "straight rise" have entered everyday language. Their meaning can be related to the complexity of things (computational complexity), which is exactly what needs to be studied. "Career coordinates" and "life track" are also familiar words.