This misjudgment at the beginning of the battle has brought extremely unfavorable consequences to the development of the subsequent war situation. The misjudgment led to the wrong decision of the commander. "Mei Jian" sailed alone and happened to meet the enemy's torpedo boats. Because it was misjudged as "Weiyuan", the shore command post was afraid that once the torpedo boat was damaged, it ordered the torpedo boat to turn 1 10 degrees to avoid "Mei Jian" (actually "Mei Jian") and missed the excellent fighter plane that attacked this main target. Misjudgment can also lead to tactical mistakes. The torpedo boat group regarded the 600-ton Weiyuan as the 900-ton Meijian, set the torpedo depth to 3 meters (the depth of attacking Weiyuan should be 2 meters), and fired eight torpedoes, none of which hit. Misjudgment will also bring undue losses. Weiyuan is a powerful gunboat. When the torpedo boat attacked it, "Weiyuan" opened fire on the torpedo boat formation, forming a barrage to prevent our formation from passing. At this time, the command boat was hit by the steering gear, which led to the failure of the steering gear and laid a hidden danger for the subsequent collision and sinking. Misjudgment of the target is one of the main reasons for the failure of torpedo attack. There are three other important reasons: First, bad weather conditions. The misjudgment of Zhenhai radar station itself is related to bad weather and difficult observation and identification. Due to the influence of wind and waves, the radar and walkie-talkie of the command boat have failed one after another, and the word "beauty" which is close to each other has not been found in time. In the process of receiving the enemy, the 3rd Squadron reported twice that there were big targets ("Mei" shape) in front and on the port side, but unfortunately, the walkie-talkie of the command boat failed to receive it, and continued to carry out the guidance of the shore command post, leaving the "Mei Jian" to detour to receive the enemy; Second, the speed of receiving the enemy is too high. In order to prevent the Mei Jian from feeding Luowan, the command post ordered the torpedo boats to meet the enemy at a speed of 36 knots. The surge at sea is very strong, and the enemy ships have fierce firepower. It is difficult to maintain the battle formation at high speed, which leads to single boat combat. Single boat attack is threatened by artillery fire, and the torpedo hit rate is low. When driving at high speed under heavy rain, the resistance is too great. The huge inertia caused by the relative motion between the speedboat and the swell pulled the torpedo out of the launch tube. Two torpedoes automatically leave the chamber and fall into the sea, and two torpedoes leave the chamber halfway, which is equivalent to automatic ignition and scrapping. Before the fighting broke out, four mines were lost and one-third of the fighting capacity was lost; The third is to lose the suddenness of attack. The Kuomintang navy is an organized and organized light ship transport formation, and the standard displacement of Yong and Jiang is 650 tons and 280 tons respectively. The ship has strong maneuverability and powerful artillery. The torpedo boat is a defensive enemy, which greatly increases the difficulty of attack. The torpedo boat set off from Huyu and passed the enemy-occupied Qingyu Island, where it was intercepted by enemy gunfire. At the standby point of Wu Yu, the speedboat was bombarded by water columns. In other words, the whole process of torpedo boat sailing to meet the enemy is always under the surveillance of the enemy, and there is no possibility of sneak attack, so it can only be stormed.

The command post misjudged that Weiyuan was not in the queue and thought it was the best fighter to attack Mei Jian, so it ordered the ship to make a second attack. At 2300 hours, the command post ordered all ships to turn on the radar. After a period of preparation, the torpedo boat started to operate at 23: 07, and the escort boat started to operate at 23 10. Six torpedo boats lined up in a single file with a speed of 36 knots (later increased to 40 knots). Three 75-ton escort boats and four 50-ton escort boats then moved to meet the enemy on the right side of the torpedo boat. At 23: 32, the torpedo boat team formed a single column to meet the enemy with a heading of 75 and a speed of 35 knots. Zhenhai command post found that our torpedo boat might meet the enemy "Weiyuan" (actually "Mei Jian" transport ship), so it turned to 1 10 to avoid it. This instruction is probably the biggest mistake and failure in the whole campaign, which is equivalent to releasing the big fish that has been caught in the net for nothing. Otherwise, at this time, the "Mei Jian" is full of arms, just like a powder magazine at sea. If it thunders, it may cause it to catch fire and explode, and its life will return to its grave. Six torpedo boats, 12 mine, only one twelfth of the hit rate! If you don't choose soft persimmons, find hard persimmons to chew. Mei Jian and more than 400 Kuomintang troops will spend the rest of their lives. After the war, the East China Sea without exception pointed fingers up and down, and radar soldiers even regretted tears because of misjudgment. At 23: 40, 178 radar spotted the enemy ship in the left front 40 chain. Zhang Yimin ordered the launch.

At a distance of about 30 chains, enemy ships opened fire on the torpedo boats, and the shells of enemy ships formed a barrage at sea. The speedboat was damaged to varying degrees when it crossed the barrage, and the command boat was hit by five shells from the bow to the stern. In addition, the speed is too high, the waves are big, and the ships fall behind one after another, making it impossible to keep the formation. When the brigade commanded the boat to be 8 chains away from the enemy, it saw that the follow-up boat did not keep up, and ordered to speed up to keep up and prepare for a single boat attack. At 23: 48-5 1, my five torpedo boats entered the range of 3-4 chain in succession in the form of single boats. At this time, it can be judged by visual inspection and the enemy's heavy artillery fire that the enemy ship ahead is not the Mei Jian, but the Weiyuan, but the troops have dispersed, so it is impossible to gather troops and transfer the attack target. At this time, it was found that there were three enemy ships with only two words "Jiang" and 1 word "Yong" and no word "Mei". It is impossible to find the enemy again, so I decided to focus on the word "Yong". At 23: 48, 1 squadron boats began to attack one after another. 180, 178, 177, 103 occupy the firing position of 40 ~ 50 on the enemy's port side respectively, and 105 occupy the firing position of 80 on the starboard side, with a distance of 5 chains, and fire one after another. The command boat approached the "Yong" chain of the enemy about 1.5, and fired 2 thunder in the violent turbulence, but the enemy ship evaded the miss. Quit the right rudder battle after lightning, because the left main engine can't increase its speed. The boat No.8 that arrived later fired from the enemy 1 chain 1 thunder (left pipe thundered, half scrapped), and the enemy ship failed to escape. Boat No.5 fired 1 thunder at the enemy through the "Yong" course 2.5 chain (the right thunder plunged into the sea because of the wind and waves), and the enemy ship did not evade or hit. % E-B:E0ZJ(K23:49-50: 00, the distance between the boats of No.3 Middle Team 1.5━3), the enemy "Yong" was torpedoed, and four mines were fired one after another (No.3 torpedo was half-discharged, and No.7 torpedo was plunged into the sea with its right pipe), but the enemy ship evaded and none of them hit, among which the main engine of No.7 boat was shot. Six torpedo boats fired eight thunderbolts at the enemy "Yong" within three minutes, and the enemy ships flexibly evaded. Two 76 guns, 1 40 guns and five 20 guns on board were blocked crazily, and none of the torpedoes hit. 174 launched an attack on the enemy ship "Tuojiang", which was also unsuccessful. From a technical point of view, the main reasons for torpedo miss are as follows: First, single boat attack makes enemy ships easy to evade. When five of the six boats attack, the enemy ships evade, that is, the bow is aimed at the torpedo boat, so that the torpedo passes from both sides; Second, the target is small and the attack is difficult. Weiyuan standard displacement is 650 tons and 67 meters long. According to the regulations, torpedo boats can only attack targets with a load 1000 tons and a captain 100 meters. Theoretically, the bigger the target, the higher the hit rate; The heavier the target and the deeper the draft, the greater the possibility of torpedo hitting. Third, the wind and waves are too big, and the hull is out of balance, so it is difficult to aim at the target and determine the accurate enemy direction angle.

At 23: 50, after the brigade carried out a torpedo attack, the right rudder withdrew from the battle. About 3 minutes later, a 1 boat (No.4 boat 174) approached at high speed on the left rear, only 1 chain apart. The brigade commander urgently ordered the left rudder to avoid, but the steering gear failed. Due to the high speed of boat No.4, a collision accident occurred instantly. After the collision of the command boat, the bow of the boat was seriously damaged, the keel of the front engine room was smashed and the boat was shot in many places. After walking for more than ten meters, the stern tilted and sank immediately. Someone fell into the water. Boat No.4 was pressed above the port waterline, the engine room was partially damaged, and the front deck of the starboard engine room was smashed with a big gap of more than 3 meters. After the collision, the ship continued to sail Because the lights in the engine room were exposed, the enemy's naval guns concentrated their firepower on them and were shot several times. There is a lot of water in the front and rear engine rooms. Eight minutes later, the stern tilted and sank, causing people to fall into the water. After the two ships collided, everyone fell into the water. In addition, the 175 boat lost in the battle on August 24, as well as the torpedo speedboat with outstanding achievements and three boats of a large team and a squadron, were completely annihilated. The place where the crew of the command boat fell into the water is only 100 meters away from the enemy "Weiyuan", which may be found by enemy ships at any time. Zhang Yimin, commander at sea and chief of staff of the brigade, called on everyone to take off their life jackets and not to be captured. Wang Weiyuan, the monitor of the radio station, was the first to take off his life jacket. Soldiers followed suit. Later, the enemy ship gradually moved away, and everyone put on life jackets again. The people who fell into the sea learned the lesson of the disappearance of the torpedo boat in the August 24 naval battle and formed a circle to maintain their physical strength. Waiting for help. After the two boats sank into the water, the command post immediately took emergency measures. Seven escort ships were ordered to rush to the war zone for first aid as quickly as possible under the cover of eight planes. At the same time, 400 fishing boats from coastal counties were mobilized to go to sea to assist in the search. The 75-ton escort ship responsible for maritime first aid closely observed and searched repeatedly in the accident area, and continued to search after dawn. In the end, all the people who fell into the sea were safely rescued within 8 hours. The speedboat assault team failed to complete the scheduled task mainly because the sea was too stormy and the radar of the shore command post misjudged the target. The battle is not ideal, and there are many places worthy of reflection and review. At that time, our "Battle Report" recorded some lessons:

After the naval battle on August 24, the attack of enemy torpedo boats entered a state of alert, and the escort was strengthened with large ships with good maneuverability and strong firepower, and the alert to the possible attack direction of our torpedo boats was strengthened. According to these circumstances, I failed to properly change the use of troops and tactical means, which led to the failure of torpedo attack. ※.

The cooperation between torpedo boat and escort boat is not well organized. Torpedo boats are fast, sailing ahead, and escort boats are slow. ※. On the contrary, it will follow up, which will inevitably lead to the torpedo boat coming first, so that the high-speed escort boat cannot directly cover the torpedo boat attack as planned.

After the attack, the command post on the shore worried that the maritime commanders could not handle the situation well and interfered with their actions too much. After 78 minutes of fighting, 64 copies were sent to the crew, but in fact, the crew only translated 7 copies, which affected the smooth communication. ※.

Our bank representative doesn't know the situation accurately. The coastal radar misjudged the name "Mei" as "Weiyuan", but the command post did not analyze it. ※. When the torpedo boat met the "Mei" in the enemy pick-up, the command post thought it was a "Weiyuan" ship, so the torpedo boat evaded and the main target was released.

There are as many as 16 command boats, and too many people are concentrated. On the one hand, it will affect the operational command and action, on the other hand, the command boat will be lost, resulting in the loss of command of the whole army. ※.

The radar fault of 180 boat cannot be eliminated. Transfer of guidance relationship is not timely. ※: After the failure of ultrashort wave, because there is no simple signal in advance, the lights and flags can't be commanded, forming a single person, each leaping forward, and the attack is invalid.

This battle is between two typhoons, and the wind and waves are heavy, so it is not suitable to fight with torpedo boats. There was impatience in the command, and the speed of the speedboat was high, but the torpedo fixing bolt was opened too early, and three torpedoes automatically fell into the water before being launched. ※. In addition, the surge makes the team members' ships fall behind one after another, forming a single ship attack. If the command boat can properly control the speed at that time, keep the formation to form a fan-shaped shooting, and six boats attack a target, it may be effective.

Zhang Yimin, chief of staff of speedboat 1 brigade, thinks that the weather in September 1 and 1 958 is not suitable for torpedo attack: "On August 24th, it was calm, and the sea surface in some areas was like a mirror. Flying fish pranced in front of my boat, and there were forty or fifty flying fish. They can fly four or five meters high, hundreds of meters away, and some land on the deck, which is very beautiful. This weather is conducive to torpedo attacks. September 1 is different. Just after the typhoon, there was a gale of five or six, and the sea rose too much. Since I became a marine. I never threw up. I threw up that day. When the wind and waves are heavy, it is difficult for torpedo boats to keep formation. Without formation, there will be no tactics. In addition, when a wave comes, the ship reaches the peak, then falls into the valley, and then the wave comes back ... Such turbulence makes it easy for the torpedo that opens the safety bolt to automatically fall off the launch tube and fall into the sea. We lost three mines before the six ships started fighting that day. Some leaders on shore don't know much about the sea. As soon as he saw the target on the radar, he instinctively responded, "You have to kill me! "Subjectively eager to destroy enemy ships, objective conditions in a secondary position. I don't usually go out to sea for training in this weather. It was really difficult for a group of comrades to use torpedo boats that day. If it doesn't hit, the shore-based radar will bear a great responsibility for misjudgment. In addition, the shore command also appears mechanical and inflexible; Not flexible, the direction of the attack is for you. As far as I'm concerned, I don't have the courage to "stay away from my hometown and my life will not be affected". If I don't obey orders, the enemy will enter Luowan. How should I take this responsibility? But since then, I have learned my lesson. No matter what your order is, I will deal with it according to the actual situation at sea, as long as the expected goal is achieved. Judging from the maritime command, there are also many problems. Basically, we are all fighting separately, disrupting the battle, and my communication has gone wrong again, let alone commanding. " Seven years later, Zhang Yimin finally sank the Yongchang with a brand-new "180", saving the shame of 1958 falling into the sea. At 23: 00 on September 1 day 10, the escort ship of Xiamen Marine Police District 3 1 brigade was ordered by Zhenhai Command Post to "attack immediately", that is, to follow the torpedo boat battle group to meet the enemy. Three 55 A 75-ton escort boats met the enemy at a speed of 20 knots. Three 53 A 50 escort boats meet the enemy at a speed of 18 knots. At the same time, the torpedo boat team will come back in vain, and the high-speed gunboat will officially take on the heavy responsibility of the fighting protagonist. Although they don't know how the torpedo boats there are playing, they don't realize that this battle depends on their extraordinary play. The Kuomintang navy encountered a new lightweight fast break. The 55 A escort boat squadron has just been established 1 month (it was established on July 25th, and was ordered to go south to Xiamen from Shanghai on July 3rd1day). Just established, he went south to Fuzhou, without special training, with low technical level and unfamiliar with the performance of weapons and equipment. 60-75% of the soldiers joined the army at 1957 and boarded the ship at 1958. There are 9 officers in the whole squadron, 6 who have participated in naval battles, 86 soldiers, and only 2 who have participated in naval battles. One third of the entire squadron is a recruit who has been in the army for less than one year, with low technical level and poor tactical quality. Gao Lizhong, commander of Xiamen Marine Police District, went to the squadron station to supervise the pre-war assault training every day for about 1 month, and his tactical and technical foundation was improved. It was on the basis of 1 month combat training that the squadron participated in three naval battles to block Kinmen. In the naval battle on August 24th, 75t escort boat cooperated with torpedo boat, but it was not hit due to poor communication. On September 19, the squadron attacked as a support force, and the fighters were not hit because of formation movement. On September 1 day, the 75-ton escort ship was not only hit, but also played well.

September 23:35 1. After sailing for about 25 minutes, three 75-ton high-speed gunboats followed closely, and found a Kuomintang navy submarine "Jiang" (104 "Tuojiang", with a standard displacement of 280 tons and a full-load displacement of 460 tons) on the port side and about 5 nautical miles (in the direction of Liaoluo Bay), with a starboard side of 45. In order to prevent the enemy "Jiang" from entering the war zone of our torpedo boat, strive to start the battle ahead of time to attract the enemy on the port side, and closely cooperate with the torpedo boat attack, the escort boat formation commander is determined to insert three 75-ton escort boats into the formation sequence of the enemy escort transport team, that is, insert the left echelon into the enemy formation sequence at high speed and attack the submarine chasers on the port side alone. This is absolutely correct tactical action! The problem is that the torpedo boat didn't catch the Meijian at all. The situation on the battlefield is sometimes very similar to the mathematical formulas of "positive and negative are positive" and "negative is positive". At this moment, if the high-speed gunboats can respond to the "mistake" with "mistake" and decisively turn right to attack the "Mei Jian" with relatively weak protection, the battle attempt may still be "positive".

3 boats form a left echelon to meet the enemy at high speed. 23: 50. At a distance of 3,000m, Tuojiang took the lead in firing at our convoy with five 20mm guns and140mm guns, and made a fierce blocking shot. The high-speed gunboat ignored it and rushed forward at full speed. At a distance of 700 meters, six double-barreled 37 guns * *12 rapid-fire 37 guns on three escort boats suddenly returned fire, and a string of fire dragons crossed the waves like meteors and ran to the "Tuojiang River". The two sides shot at each other, stronger than fierce, and it is expected that the gunfire at night will touch the heartstrings. Six double-barreled 37 guns of three escort boats fired back at the same time. Compared with the enemy's firepower, our army has an absolute advantage in firepower. In less than 2 minutes, the enemy ship's firepower was suppressed by the powerful artillery fire of our escort boat. Intensive hail interrupted the radio antenna on the Tuojiang ship and the flag rope on the mast. At this time, the situation was found in the direction of Kinmen, and the 90 mm shore gun position began shooting support. The shells landed around the escort boat, and the dense water column blocked the line of sight. Wei, the maritime commander of the People's Navy escort fleet, could not direct the battle. In the melee, the artillery positions on the mainland shore opened fire, which quickly suppressed the artillery forces on the Jinmen shore. Wei, the maritime commander of the People's Navy escort fleet, took advantage of the situation and led the ship to the "Tuojiang", getting closer and closer, from 700 meters to 500 meters. At a distance of 300 meters, the high-speed gunboat slows down sideways, moves in the same direction and at the same speed as the enemy at an angle of 70-80 degrees on the port side, and hits alternately with short shots at close range. Just like three little Qi Xin in the boxing ring work together to hit a big man, this is basically a one-sided naval battle that makes Tuojiang breathless, unresponsive and temperamental. Through the dim night, it is faintly visible that three escort boats cooperate closely and approach to fight, and the "Tuojiang River" is black and blue. The People's Navy escort formation continued to attack 15 minutes until the ammunition on the deck was exhausted. Because the shells could not be supplied for a while, we had to stop shooting and the fire was interrupted for about 3 minutes. . This should not happen. Once the battle at sea starts, it is necessary to organize a special team to transport ammunition to ensure the continuous supply of ammunition. The performance of "Tuojiang" can also be called perseverance and tenacity. When our boat stopped shooting, it fired at our boat with a 20 mm gun, and as a result, it fired three shots at the command boat 558. Comrade Zhang Wenbin, the chief of the brigade's communication business, was injured, and Comrade Queshuijin, the pilot, died. The main reasons for the interruption of ammunition supply are that the battle plan is not strict and the battle organization is not perfect. After the battle began, no one carried ammunition on every ship. When the ammunition on the deck was found, it was too late to temporarily organize personnel to go down to the ammunition compartment for handling. Since then, although shooting has resumed, the shells temporarily transported from the ammunition compartment can only guarantee the shooting of a double-barrel 37 gun, and the firepower has been reduced by half. The 37 guns equipped with the 75-ton escort boat are rapid-fire guns, which consume a lot of ammunition. Before the war, the commanders lacked understanding of this performance and did not take effective measures to ensure the supply of ammunition, which led to the passive situation in the battle. In addition, due to the lack of training, the gunner on the boat does not know how to maintain weapons and equipment in the hot and humid climate conditions in the southern coastal areas in summer, and the artillery parts are corroded, which affects the normal operation of the machine in the battle; Being unfamiliar with the tactical and technical performance of the weapons and equipment on the boat and the function of each switch, the gunner mistook the "off" of the barrel cooling device as "on", which caused the main barrel in front of the No.6 and No.7 boats not to be cooled in time, which affected the continuous shooting. I don't know the technical essentials of artillery aiming and shooting, and the accuracy of the fired shells is poor. Often one shot goes to the sky, one shot falls into the water, and the hit rate is low. Three boats * * * fired nearly 4,400 shells, and only played less than 200 rounds.

At 0: 08 on September 2, the ammunition in the bottom cabin was replenished as soon as it was transported. Three boats urgently replenished ammunition and fired two rounds of 37 guns, and the shooting resumed. In less than two minutes, the mute "Tuojiang" was beaten again. After the emergency resupply ammunition of three escort boats resumed launching, the "Tuojiang" was surrounded in the core, and the closer it got, the more fierce it became, and no one was knocked over the deck of the enemy ship. At first, enemy ships circled in circles at sea. Seeing that it can't escape the fierce battle of our army, it relies on its own heavy weight to accelerate the collision with the command boat 558, and is ready to overturn the two boats with its huge body like a hill in an attempt to break through. Command boat 558 evaded starboard, and boats 556 and 557 quickly followed, and the enemy ship was still surrounded by our boat. Helpless, the enemy ship changed its target and collided with the 557 boat. After the 557 boat evaded, the other two boats gathered fire and slammed, causing the enemy ship to lose its maneuverability. The auxiliary engine room was flooded, and the right main engine stopped running, but our fleet formation was washed away. "Tuojiang" has no good plan to do, so it has to send a distress signal to the sea, turn off the lights and stop shooting at the same time, hiding in the night and losing its combat effectiveness. When searching for "Tuojiang", three high-speed gunboats were located in different directions of "Tuojiang", and the command boat found the enemy ship 1 ship in the left front. Misjudged as "Tuojiang", it was actually another 1 enemy ship that came to rescue "Tuojiang". Our boat team immediately organized fire to turn to fire. The enemy ship fled south without fighting. Our fleet lost the "Tuojiang" in pursuit of new goals. Didn't sink. Afraid of shooting the other side by mistake, and judging that "Tuojiang" is already a critically ill patient with internal organs and no medicine to save, he stopped shooting and quit the battle. 1: 08, the battle ended, and three 75-ton escort ships returned as ordered. About 3 minutes later, on the way back, the man overboard was found on the sea, and the man overboard was actively rescued for about 10 minutes. All 16 people who fell into the water were rescued, including the political commissar and chief of staff of speedboat 1 brigade. After that, Zhenhai command post ordered four 50-ton escort boats to go to the area 25 nautical miles east of Dongjiao Island to look for the sunken crew of No.4 torpedo boat 174. At about 8: 0010 on September 2, all nine people who fell into the water were rescued.