The importance of family atmosphere to children
First, a good family emotional atmosphere is the prerequisite for the formation of good psychological quality.
The emotional atmosphere of the family refers to the attitudes and feelings that are common in the family, which are composed of language and interpersonal atmosphere. This kind of atmosphere directly affects the psychology of every family member in the family, especially for the formation of children's personality. For example, in some families, members live in harmony. Although opinions sometimes occur, they are United in principle. In this way, under the overall dominant cooperation, understanding and atmosphere, children not only learned to help each other, care for each other, work together and understand, but also developed their thinking will and ability harmoniously, gained a sense of security from it and formed a sense of being willing to accept education. In another family, members are like strangers, arguing endlessly, being selfish and torturing each other. The family is like a mental prison-the children in this family are often mentally unhealthy or even deformed, indifferent and paranoid, uncooperative, and even transfer the mental torture at home to others to vent their psychological balance. Such children are easy to commit crimes and get into trouble, but it is difficult to be educated. Therefore, establishing a good family psychological atmosphere is the prerequisite for the formation and development of children's good psychological quality. Therefore, we should vigorously advocate family virtues, correctly handle the relationship between family members, and form good norms. If you can't bully others by force, you must convince others by reasoning, set an example, live in harmony, respect the old and love the young, and strive to create a harmonious atmosphere of the family, which fully reflects that the family is the harbor of life, which is conducive to the formation of children's psychological quality.
Second, parents' good parenting attitude is the key to the formation of good psychological quality.
Parents are children's first teachers and role models for children to learn. Parenting attitude and educational methods of parents directly affect children's behavior and psychology. Children's good behavior habits are the result of parents' education, but children's character defects and bad behavior habits are also caused by parents. Parents' parenting attitudes can be roughly divided into four categories:
The first category is autocratic families that follow the old feudal rules. Such families often emphasize seniority and absolutely obey their parents' will, so disobedience will be punished. Under such parents' strict parenting attitude, a little disobedience will be punished. Under this parenting attitude, children lack autonomy, depending on their parents' faces. On the one hand, it may lead to cowardice and inferiority, lack of self-confidence and independence; on the other hand, it may become violent, barbaric, lying and rebellious, and often get psychological compensation and balance in playing tricks on others and seeking revenge.
The second category is over-pampering, responsive, and parents just want to provide their children with all-round help and protection. Due to the excessive arrangement of parents, children will have great dependence and form selfish, willful, presumptuous, easy to lose their temper and boastful characters.
The third category is a laissez-faire attitude. In this neglected family, children will feel lonely because they can't get care, fatherly love and maternal love, and gradually form the bad qualities of fighting, indifference, self-display and even bohemian, and often have the mentality of being emotional, willful, easy to get angry and indifferent to the surrounding things.
The fourth category is to educate children with a democratic and normal attitude. In such a family, they can be patient, equal, easy-going and understanding, love and care for each other. Parents can give their children more encouragement and guidance, but they can appropriately criticize and correct their shortcomings and mistakes, improve their understanding and correct their shortcomings. In this way, children are gradually cultivated to be frank, friendly, self-respecting, self-reliant, generous and enthusiastic, able to accept criticism, bear pressure, care about others and have the ability to do things independently. It can be seen that different parenting attitudes of different types of families have different influences on the formation of children's personality and psychological quality. Young parents are the backbone of family education, the pillar, the demonstrator of children's words and deeds, the guide of dealing with people and the person in charge of children's growth. Therefore, they have the responsibility to build a good family environment, master correct parenting attitudes and methods, and make the family present a harmonious atmosphere of democracy, harmony and equality. Only in this way can children be cultivated into responsible, democratic, diligent, enterprising, arrogant and self-reliant people.
Third, the change of family structure is a serious obstacle to good psychological quality.
In recent years, due to the prevalence of the only child and the rapid development of social economy and culture, people's values have changed greatly, and the family structure has also changed, which is manifested in the continuous emergence of single-parent families, the stability of family structure is shaking, and the remarriage rate is rising, accompanied by the disintegration and reconstruction of families. The change of family structure and the divorce of parents hurt children's psychology first. The breakdown of the family destroyed the family paradise on which children depended. The sense of security and belonging in the family suddenly disappeared, but it was followed by the pain of losing parents, even the pain of losing parents. Children become the object of parents' struggle, punching bag, or the object of parents' talk or arbiter, and sometimes the object of parents' abandonment. All these have caused great trauma to children's minds, and it is easy to form abnormal psychology and eccentric personality, and it is also easy to embark on the road of crime. They love their biological parents and find it difficult to get along with their stepparents. So they either run away from home in groups, or prefer to sleep on the street rather than go home, and even fight, steal and rob to vent their inner feelings. All these have seriously hindered the development of children's healthy psychology.
Therefore, parents must strengthen their study, face up to the negative impact of divorce on society, strengthen the education of family concept and family responsibility consciousness, handle the relationship between divorced family members, and strive to establish a good atmosphere to eliminate children's psychological obstacles.
It can be seen that a good family environment is the basic condition for the success of children's family education. Family environment is the soil for children's good psychological quality and healthy growth. Therefore, at present, the key issues in implementing quality education and optimizing family education are to improve parents' own quality, enhance parents' responsibilities, understand the importance of cultivating children's healthy psychology, strive to overcome the obstacles brought about by family structure changes, and create a good family environment for children's growth.
Family education methods of early education for children aged 3-6
First, lead by example: example is an important way to influence and educate children with other people's good thoughts and behaviors. For example, classmates, neighbors, teachers, heroes and model figures, positive figures in literary and artistic works, and excellent qualities of revolutionary leaders are all objects for children to learn and imitate. Whether parents' words and deeds are right or wrong, they have a far-reaching impact on children. Therefore, parents should always show themselves everywhere in their daily lives.
Second, environmental edification: parents should consciously create a good living environment so that their children can be infected and edified. Family is the main place where children live. Parents should organize their own lives, handle the relationship between members, adhere to the correct moral behavior as the criterion, form a United and harmonious family atmosphere, establish an orderly life order, and cultivate children's beautiful sentiments.
Third, criticism and punishment: both criticism and punishment are negation of children's bad thoughts and behaviors, but the latter is an educational means for serious bad thoughts and behaviors. When criticizing and punishing, we should first fully understand the situation, grasp the specific situation and severity of bad thoughts and behaviors, and proceed from the wrong reality. Criticism means pointing out the harm and ideological roots, denying their thoughts and behaviors, making them feel ashamed and miserable, and then generating the motivation to correct their mistakes. When criticizing, don't be sarcastic, sarcastic or abusive. Punishment is mainly deprivation of certain rights, not corporal punishment, not insulting personality and destroying body and mind.
Fourth, guide the arrangement of life order: a good life order is an effective way to cultivate children's good habits. Guide children to arrange their daily lives, arrange their living environment, and teach them to study and use their time in an orderly way. Let the children make their own arrangements, and parents can give directions.
5. Persuasion education: the specific methods of persuasion education: First, talk, parents put facts and reason according to their children's thoughts, so that children can understand a certain truth. Speak with pertinence and flexibility, and have an amiable attitude. Don't be condescending and cynical. The second is discussion, where parents and children discuss together. When discussing, we should respect children, listen to their opinions patiently, have incorrect opinions, reason patiently, and let children distinguish right from wrong. Parents should have the courage to admit that their views are incorrect.
Practical exercise: The content of practical exercise is quite extensive, such as adapting to the surrounding environment, exercising, self-care, housework, working independently, being polite, socializing and so on. To carry out actual exercise, we should first let the children know the purpose (why), put forward specific requirements (how to do it), and encourage them to overcome difficulties and stick to it. The content of exercises should be suitable for children's age characteristics and personality characteristics, and the tasks and requirements given should be based on children's actual ability and appropriate. Children should be allowed to make mistakes in practice and not be too demanding. Parents can't stop exercising because they are afraid of their children suffering.
Seven, praise and reward: praise and reward is to give affirmation and praise to children's thoughts and behaviors. Through affirmation and praise, strengthen children's enterprising spirit and sense of honor, and strive for greater progress. Praise and reward should be realistic, timely and explain the reasons, and should be based on spiritual rewards, supplemented by material rewards.
Eight, guide extracurricular reading: guide children to read books, newspapers and magazines, and learn useful spiritual nutrition from them. Parents should master the content of children's reading, discuss with children, and guide children to increase their knowledge, broaden their horizons and get spiritual cultivation through reading.
Nine, the use of home TV: TV into the family, children can get a lot of knowledge from watching TV, increase their knowledge, and make full use of it. But be careful: you can't have no choice and don't spend too long. After watching TV, you'd better talk to your children and discuss the TV content.
10. Lead children out to contact with society: lead children to parks, scenic spots, shops, factories and rural areas, or visit classmates, relatives and friends for social interaction, so that children can broaden their horizons, get in touch with society and get to know society.