Xu surname is one of the earliest surnames in China, and its origin can be traced back to Sun Ruomu, the tenth generation descendant of the Yellow Emperor more than 4,200 years ago. From the ancient state of Xu to the present, thousands of years of development have made Xu the first 1 1 surname in China with a population of nearly 20 million. In Jiangxi, a province with a large population of Xu, Xu ranks tenth in the province. As the most important branch of North Xu, the "South Xu Family" born by Xu Zhiyan, a senior scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, accounts for about half of the population of Xu in the world today. Xu's genealogy is a historical book that records the development of Xu's family in a special form. It occupies an important position in the custom of blood clan in China traditional society, and it is the pedigree of Xu's blood clan. The so-called "family genealogy" is the genealogy of a family or clan, which is usually called genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy and so on. Genealogy is the most commonly used expression. Zhang Xuecheng said in Literature and History: "Genealogy is also the history of a family." The Xu Family Tree is a historical book that records the development of the Xu family in a special form. It occupies an important position in the custom of blood clan in China traditional society, and it is the pedigree of Xu's blood clan. Genealogy is a special book genre in which families record family history, family lineage reproduction and deeds of important people in the form of genealogy, which was produced in Xia Dynasty. Before the Tang Dynasty, genealogy was widely valued by the government because of its political functions such as proving consanguinity, facilitating the election of officials, and adapting to marriage and social interaction. The government has set up a special genealogy bureau and a genealogy library, which are responsible for compiling, collecting and managing all kinds of genealogies. Throughout the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it has become a kind of knowledge to be familiar with and understand genealogy. Everyone in the upper class needs to know and study it. Otherwise, it will not only affect career and marriage, but also make it difficult to have general social interaction. In the Southern Dynasties, scholars paid special attention to family secrets. If you occasionally mention the names of his father and ancestors in front of others, he will cry on the spot and embarrass you. According to historical records, there was a man named Wang Hong in Liu Song Dynasty, and it was a much-told story that "every day is not taboo, and thousands of guests are the day". This also became a realm pursued by upper-class people at that time. Among many genealogists in the Southern Dynasties, Xu Mian is one of them. He used to be the official minister of the Liang Dynasty, responsible for the selection, appointment and removal of officials. According to Liang Shu Biography, Xu Mian "should be familiar with the genealogy and lineage of each surname, not only choose officials, but also be fair and comprehensive, and even entertain guests every day, which is" all taboo ". At the same time, he also wrote the genealogy of officials. After the Song Dynasty, the political role of genealogy weakened, but the role of recording family history, purifying family lineage, uniting and restraining family members, educating family descendants, enhancing family members' sense of honor, centripetal force and belonging, and improving family members' prestige and status in social life increased. Except that the genealogy of the emperor, Jade Death, was compiled by the government, the genealogy after the Song Dynasty was compiled privately, and the government no longer intervened and was not responsible for the collection and preservation. Genealogy has become a family business. Of course, because the family is the foundation of social rule, the family is stable, and the society is easy to be stable. Therefore, the government still supports and encourages things that can strengthen family unity, such as building temples and genealogy. The compilation of jade records in past dynasties also played an indirect advocacy role. The real Xu family tree appeared after Wei and Jin Dynasties. The genealogy of Xu surname was written by Jia Bizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and compiled by officials in the Southern Dynasties, such as Hundred Genealogies, Eighteen Genealogies and Newly Collected Genealogy. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong ordered Gao Shilian to compile Genealogy, and the Xu family was classified as the best. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen said in Xu's Genealogy: "Emperor Taizong passed down from generation to generation, played the genealogy of the world, retired from the new door to the old one, and was poor on the left. His surname was 193+089 1, and Xu was also the first." Since then, a series of official genealogies about Xu, such as Eight Years of Zhenguan, Records of Surnames, Records of Surnames, Genealogy of Wang Family in Xinji Tianxia, Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames, etc., have preserved some genealogical data of Xu in the Tang Dynasty. In Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, apart from official genealogy, private genealogy was also very popular. During this period, people surnamed Xu also compiled many genealogies privately, and the genealogy of the giant officials of the State Genealogy Bureau was compiled from these vast private genealogies. After the elimination of the peasant uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the scuffle of feudal separatist forces, most of the genealogy before the Tang Dynasty was lost, and genealogy, as a science, was rarely circulated, which is called "the best genealogy" in history books.

Song dynasty

Ouyang Xiu wrote Ouyang's genealogy first, and then Su Xun compiled Su's genealogy. Under the advocacy of the two of them, many scholars have revised their genealogies one after another, forming a situation of "private genealogy prevailing", and Xu Ziran also joined the ranks of revising genealogies. The current Genealogy of Xujiu in the East China Sea was re-edited in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Ching Dynasty

The wind of compiling music reached its peak and became an important part of clan activities in Qing Dynasty. This trend continued until the Republic of China, so that most of the existing genealogies, including Xu's surname, were compiled in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. As the most popular surname in China, people named Xu attach great importance to it.

Genealogy compilation is one of the surnames with the most genealogies. According to the statistics of several main collection places of China Genealogy, we can know that the collection of books in Beijing Library is * * *.

There are 2,770 kinds of genealogy, including 87 kinds of Xu's genealogy, ranking third after Yongyu (1 19) and Chen (1 10). Utah genealogy society, USA

There are 2,594 kinds of genealogies in China, of which 67 are Xu, ranking sixth. The Genealogy Research Center of Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences has 2565 kinds of genealogy, of which 63 are Xu, ranking eighth.

Republic of China period

It is the most prosperous period of genealogy compilation, and most of the existing genealogies in China come from this period, which is rich in content and complete in style, which is beyond the reach of other generations. The Xu family tree in Wucheng, Jiangyin in this period is a model of traditional family tree in China. This spectrum was first compiled in the reign of Xuande (1429), and it was compiled five times in the Ming Dynasty alone. In the Qing Dynasty, Xu Jiachuan and Xu Dong maintained Xin Chou Pu, revised Daoguang Xu Bing Pu, Xu Tongzhi Gui You Pu, and Xu Guangxu Ding Wei Pu. In particular, the compilation level of Tongzhi Gui You Spectrum is the highest, so that "Zhao Muxu makes the world auspicious, and the test is full of documents". Therefore, Wu Cheng's genealogy is known as "the crown of genealogy in the north and south of the Yangtze River". The existing genealogy of Wu was rebuilt by Xu Renxin, the tribal leader of Wuma Town during the Anti-Japanese War. This reconstruction is based on Guangxu genealogy, and the main contents of reconstructing Wu genealogy many times in Ming and Qing Dynasties are preserved. This spectrum has 52 volumes and 59 volumes. Xu Xiake, an outstanding traveler and geographer in Ming Dynasty, was originally from the Xu family in Jiangyin. Thanks to the preservation of the Xu family tree in Wucheng, Jiangyin, people have a deeper understanding of Xu Xiake himself and his predecessors and descendants with a history of official loss. According to genealogical records, the Xu family in Wucheng, Jiangyin is a descendant of Xu Zhi in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Xu Zhi is a native of Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province, and is called "a scholar in Nanzhou". Xu Gu, the ancestor, was appointed as Kaifeng Yin at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Jinbing invaded south, Songshi crossed south, took a large number of "Central Plains documents" south, and moved the capital to Hangzhou with the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty. Xu Shoucheng, the fourth ancestor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was appointed as Taiwei of Wujun in the first year of Ning Zongqing, and his family moved to Suzhou. Since then, "the surnames of various schools are scattered in Hou Jing, Yun Jian and Qinchuan", namely Yixing, Songjiang and Changshu. In the Yuan Dynasty, Xu Ganxi, the son of Xu Shoucheng, moved to live in the Wulin in Xishunling, Jiangyin County, so the fifth ancestor Xu Ganxi was actually the ancestor of the Xu family in Jiangyin Wulin. The specific landscape of Wucheng is in the mansion of Zhutang Township, Jiangyin County today. Xu Lin, the ninth ancestor, once wrote to the Ming court with a cloth coat and sent messengers to Xishu to appease the Qiang people. After resigning, he returned to his hometown, where he had extensive land and became a rich boy with nearly 100,000 mu of land and thousands of books and a huge literature room. From the eleventh ancestor to Xu, Xu Qia and Xu Qia IV, there are literary names. When Xu Youmian, the father of the sixteenth ancestor Xu Xiake, arrived, although the family wealth had fallen, the husband and wife made efforts to "revive the family wealth". After the genealogy is compiled, it must be updated within a certain period of time to ensure a complete record of the continuation of the family bloodline. As for how often the genealogy should be updated, there is basically no uniform regulation and it is in a spontaneous state. For example, jade records in Qing Dynasty are revised once every 10 year, and folk genealogies are revised once every 10 year, 15 year, 30 year and 60 year, with a maximum of three generations, that is, once every 90 years. However, although each family has its own regulations, due to external reasons such as war, war, plague and natural disasters, as well as internal reasons such as the family's own migration, talents, funds, materials, and understanding of the role of genealogy, few families continue to repair in strict accordance with relevant regulations, at most for a certain period of time. In the existing genealogy of Xu, the earliest record of genealogy revision can be found in Sui Dynasty. According to Xin 'an Xu's Genealogy, there are memorials given to the emperor by university students in Gao Shilian during the 13th year of the Great Cause (6 17). As mentioned in the memorial, in order to compile the genealogy, Emperor Yang Di wrote a letter to the Ancient Genealogy of Kyushu. The genealogy here is a simple form of genealogy, which only talks about lineage, but it can also be seen that Xu was compiled by the Sui Dynasty. In addition, in the first year of Emperor Wu Zetian's longevity in the Tang Dynasty (696), Wu Zetian wanted to compile another genealogy, and wrote, "As a courtier, he belongs to a famous family in the four seas, so that his courtiers can take their names and compile them into genealogies for future generations. "That is, officials were ordered to submit genealogy, and the imperial history in the temple and the assistant minister Xu in Zuo Buque obeyed the order and" entered the genealogy of famous ministers in previous dynasties ". The "genealogy" here is a little more detailed than the "genealogy" of previous lives. According to the records of the Xu family tree in Yanshou, the Xu family tree was revised as early as the second year of Guanghua (899). Among the existing Xu genealogy, there is Xiao Liu Xu Genealogy 12, which has been revised 1 1 times continuously. This genealogy, also called Xiao Liu and Xu Jiuxiu's genealogy, is from the tenth year of Ming Yingzong orthodoxy (1445) and the fourth year of Qin Long, Mu Zong (1570). Seventeen years of Kangxi (1678), two years of emperor sejong's Yongzheng (1724), thirty-two years of emperor gaozong's Qianlong (1767), eleven years of Daoguang in Xuanzong (183 1) and nine years of Xianfeng in Wenzong. From the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty to the five years of the Republic of China, Qiao Xu's genealogy was also revised ten times. Coupled with the old sequence of the Song Dynasty, it can be seen that there are more than ten revisions. The most frequently revised genealogy is Yunyang Xu's genealogy, which was revised 13 times from the 11th year of Wanli (1583) to1926,343. The interval of each revision is 15, 30, 34, 40 and 35 years respectively. This frequency and the frequency of spectrum trimming are rare in other families. According to Comprehensive Catalogue of Genealogy in China, Summary of Genealogy Collected in Shanghai Library and Catalogue of Genealogy in China of Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences, there are 789 kinds of genealogies of Xu's surname, and only Shanghai Library has collected 326 kinds. But this is only found in these three catalogues. There will never be less than 1,000 kinds of public and private collections that are not in these three catalogues, and the exact number can only be obtained after the China genealogy catalogue is completed.

Genealogy of Xu family in Jingchuan

Articles in Ten Notes on Music (Birth of the Moon):

First, it is not appropriate to talk about ceremony in the words of expectation;

Second, it is not suitable for being knowledgeable and shouldering heavy responsibilities;

Third, it is not appropriate to spend public funds waiting for you;

Fourth, it is not appropriate to use pen and ink indiscriminately and arrogate the pen end;

Fifth, it is not appropriate to comment on the character, which is embarrassing;

Sixth, it is not appropriate to run separately and waste troops;

Seventh, it is not appropriate to encourage it too much, and it is even more taboo;

Eight, should not be unconventional, opinionated;

Nine, it is not advisable to think too little, which will lead to aging;

Ten is not suitable for duplicity, and guilt will always exist.

What did you get? To such as:

Salt for a long time, worship Zude for fun;

Combine many people, be loyal to friendship and be happy;

Order, good conduct, and three pleasures;

Loyalty, kindness and four pleasures;

Tracing the hidden traces, researching the hidden traces, and five pleasures;

Because of this, the temple is complete, the tomb is clear, and the music is six;

Where the ancestors moved, the scores were clear, and the seven pleasures were also;

People who have never met before are often happy to see them with their own eyes;

The good people in the same family know, and the bad people know, and they are also happy;

If you live a lifetime in vain, you will be happy for a while.

We might as well learn from each other and learn from each other, but those who have done it dare not deceive themselves.

The compilation principles and requirements of the Xu genealogy can also be seen from the following two genealogies. These two genealogies are:

Genealogy of the Xu family in the south of Dongting, revised in the forty years of Qianlong, revised in the nineteenth year of Guangxu. The two genealogies are not a family, not in the same area, with a difference of more than 200 years. Therefore, there are many inconsistencies in content, scope and emphasis. Among them, Xu's genealogy is more detailed. In addition to ordinary examples in a general sense, there are also "genealogical rules" that explain the contents of ordinary examples in detail, which makes people clear at a glance. After the genealogy is completed, the printed number will be fixed, and the number will be distributed to the relevant personnel in the family for safekeeping and collection, and detailed records will be made. Trustees still have to follow certain rules. For example, the Xu family tree in Cinan has such a regulation: "Those who collect the family tree on New Year's Day every year will bring it to the ancestral hall, and after reading it in public, they will be given two steamed buns. Second, in spring and autumn every year, in order to avoid the harm of rats and mice, the spectrum will be turned upside down and sunned. The genealogy of each room is divided into two parts. If you hide it, it will be considered unfilial. The patriarch is responsible for the genealogy for people's review. However, we must light candles, burn incense and wash our hands during the inspection in order to read in the ancestral temple and be sincere. Cherish the feelings, from the paper. In the genealogy of other clans, there are similar provisions prohibiting illegal lending and selling. If there is a violation, the punishment is expulsion from the clan. Xu's family is tolerant and compassionate. Reflected in the genealogy, some contents that existed objectively but were not allowed by other surnames, such as adopted son, monk, wife and father, can be included in some genealogies of Xu.

In the provisions of the Xu family tree, that is, if the clan becomes a monk, it can be indicated that the temple is a monk. Only the author has seen this kind of monk genealogy, and only the Xu family has it. Others, such as Genealogy of Xu Family in Cinan and Genealogy of Xu Family in Yuehu, are directly included, or adopted sons at home are included in special chapters. The Xu family tree of Xinhe has not only adopted sons, but also the names of his wife and father. The reason is: "If you marry a wife, you must include the names of your wife and father: because a woman is not famous, you should know her life in detail." At the end of the five genealogies of the Xu family in Houchun, there are also two parts, the Chronicle of Birth and Death and the Chronicle of Birth and Death, to record the people born or died in the family at any time, which is rare in other genealogies. Most of Xu Shi's genealogy has a fixed style and format, which generally includes clan name, clan preface, common cases, genealogy, portraits, meritorious deeds, Kao Zu, ancestral temple, five-service map, lineage, biography, clan production, deeds, tombs, chronology, stage name, achievements, official history and so on.

The Old Xu Genealogy in the East China Sea, with a total of 45 pages, was compiled in Ningling in the year of the Republic of China 18. Although this genealogy was published during the Republic of China, it is

It is an old spectrum reprinted in advance when the Xu family in Ningling compiled and published Suiyang Xu's General Spectrum, with a very long history. The score was first compiled by Sikong Cui Lin, Xu Lingyi, the official in charge of notation, and Xu Xingjian, the constant attendant of Zuosanqi, in the first year of Taining in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (323). By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty (1023), the famous figure Xu and the five-year champion of Xiangfu will be re-edited. During the Southern Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt many times, adding Zhu's Xu Genealogy Preface and Wen Tianxiang's Xu Genealogy Postscript. This genealogy preserves some forms of early genealogy, including genealogical name, genealogical order, portrait and genealogical table. The core part of this genealogy is the genealogical table. Although it is very brief, due to the early compilation time, some important materials of the early Xu surname are preserved.