Introduction: Tell an interesting story closely related to punctuation. Du Mu's poem "Qingming Festival" said: "It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " For thousands of years, this quatrain has been well-known among the people, and many people skillfully use punctuation knowledge to interpret it, making this quatrain with only 28 words become the most changed poem in the history of China's poetry. (1) Word: 1: It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians are on the road, trying to break their souls. Excuse me, where is the restaurant? There is a shepherd boy, pointing to Xinghua Village. -Ask the shepherd boy where there is a restaurant. 2. It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians are on the road, trying to break their souls. Excuse me, restaurant: where is the shepherd boy? Point to Xinghua village. -ask the hotel shopkeeper where there is a cowherd. (2) Essay: 1: It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival. Pedestrians on the road want to die: "Excuse me, where is the restaurant?" ("Yes!" ) The shepherd boy pointed, "Xinghua Village." 2. During Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was a lot of rain. On the road, pedestrians want to break their souls. Excuse me, the restaurant: "Where is the shepherd boy?" (Restaurant) Point to Xinghua Village. (3) Drama (mini one-act drama): Time: Tomb-Sweeping Day Scenery: Rainy place: Pedestrians on the road (trying to kill their souls): Excuse me, where is the restaurant? Shepherd boy (pointing): Xinghua Village! These variants have different forms and originality, which makes people deeply feel the syntax of China's classical poems, and the clever use of punctuation marks can also be seen from them. In modern society, punctuation also plays an extremely important role. Second, the classification of punctuation marks: divided into two categories: one is the dot, and the other is the label. (1), dot: 1, function: the function of dot is to break, which mainly indicates the pause, structural relationship and mood of the sentence. 2. Category: There are seven kinds: pause, comma, semicolon, period, question mark, exclamation mark and colon. (1), end of sentence: period, question mark, exclamation point, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished; (2) Points in a sentence: pause, comma, semicolon and colon, which indicate the short pause and structural relationship before a sentence is finished. (2) Label: 1, function: Label mainly indicates the nature and function of words or sentences. 2. Category: There are nine kinds: quotation marks, brackets, book titles, ellipsis, dashes, intervals, hyphens, bullets and proper names. (3) The shape and position of punctuation marks: dots, dots, periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, semicolons and colons at the end of nominal sentences. ? ! 、 , ; : location occupies one grid, one grid occupies one grid, one grid occupies one grid name ellipsis title brackets quotation marks hyphenated punctuation proper name shape-()-_ location occupies two grids, two grids occupy two grids occupy one grid occupy one grid, and the next three: Examination: Examination of punctuation marks in college entrance examination From the scope of examination, it is mainly based on dots, taking into account common labels. This paper mainly examines the usage of seven periods: question mark, period, exclamation point, comma, semicolon, pause and colon, and only examines three labels: quotation marks, book titles and brackets. Judging from the types of questions examined, there are mainly two kinds: selection and correction. The emphasis and difficulty of punctuation marks: (1) pause:-indicates the smallest pause in a sentence, and is often used between juxtaposed words or phrases. The past, the present and the future are all schools, influencing and restricting each other. The author described waterfalls, temples, green pine trees, Gu Song and the sea of clouds. Note: 1, you can't use pause for approximation, but pause for exact number. The child is six or seven years old, two or three miles away from here. There are four or five groups on duty today. He introduced the changes of the company in recent years to the comrades who retired to the second and third lines. 2. Too short coordinate elements, especially established words, will not cause ambiguity without pause, so there is no need to pause. Investigation and research on the leaders of primary and secondary school students in provinces, cities and towns in urban-rural exchanges; Police officer; University drivers and passengers; 3. There are conjunctions such as "and" or "and" and ",which means that pause can't be used with" and "or" and ". China has made great progress in science, culture, art, health, education and press and publication. Amazon, Nile, Mississippi and Yangtze River are the four major rivers in the world. The school has its own teaching building, library, teaching equipment and excellent teachers. 4. Long coordinate components can be separated by commas instead of pause. The rolling wheat waves, the clear river water and the singing of wild geese deeply intoxicated the young people. Mass production, mass interests and mass emotions are all things that leading cadres should always pay attention to. 5. When coordinate words are used as predicates and complements, commas are used instead of pause between coordinate words. You should strive for perfection, literacy and production. Radish is finely and evenly cut. The story is true and vivid. 6. There should be question marks or exclamation marks between the juxtaposed components, and no pauses or other points should be used. Do not punctuate two or more book titles or quotation marks. At this time, "Learn from Kong Fansen!" It rings in the classroom. "Hail to Kong Fansen!" Slogan. As they get older, children will ask, "Why does the moon follow me?" "How high is the sky?" "Why are there bad people in the world?" Wait a minute. These questions. Fortress Besieged, Ancient Ship and Ordinary World are my favorite books. "Almost", "Not bad" and "Not bad" are his pet words. 7. If there are coordinate words in the coordinate words, use commas between large coordinate words to distinguish levels. The explosion of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, and the launch and recovery of satellites indicate that the development of science and technology in China has reached a new level. The principals and directors of No.1 Middle School and No.3 Middle School all came to the meeting. Shanghai's Yue Opera, Shanghai Opera and Huai Opera, Anhui's Huangmei Opera and Henan's Henan Opera all brought new operas at this concert. Corn, rice, pens, books, televisions and China are all what we need. 8. When there are modal particles after coordinate components, commas should be used between coordinate components. We planted some chrysanthemums, Chinese rose, mangosteen, canna and many other flowers in the yard. My mother often tells me about her spinning and weaving to make cloth shoes. Fruit stalls, melons, watermelons, Ili apples and Korla pears can be seen everywhere on the streets of Urumqi, and attractive fragrance can be smelled everywhere. 9. Pauses or commas cannot be used between mutually contained contents. Three provinces and fifty-six counties (cities) were hit by this sandstorm. (The pause between three provinces and fifty-six counties should be deleted) 10, used after ordinal language. Some people put forward several criteria for what is a famous book: First, a famous book is welcomed by many readers. Second, the popularity of famous books is not Confucian. Third, masterpieces will not be forgotten because they are replaced by time. 4. Famous books are enlightening and instructive. (2) Comma:-indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence. 1 can be used between the subject and the predicate, but generally there are certain conditions. (1) The long speech was a great blow and unspeakable grief, which almost knocked him down. This little role at the end of the cast won the warmest applause from the audience. Beijing is the capital of our great motherland. (3) There are modal particles after the subject. You're still the same. (4) Variant sentence (subject-predicate inversion sentence) What's wrong with you? These flowers are really beautiful. (5) The predicate is the subject-predicate phrase bike, I rode out. 2. In front of a longer object, I thought that the butterfly would probably be the product of Yunnan's unique natural environment. I have to admit that his strength is much stronger than mine. He finished his homework in the blink of an eye after the adverbial at the beginning of the sentence. On a sunny morning, he boarded the train to Shijiazhuang. It is said that the most beautiful city should be between mountains and lakes after the use of independent languages or special elements (parenthesis or apposition). Our monitor Li Ming went to the province to compete yesterday. What kind of class, exactly, what kind of position, what kind of ideal. 5. Used after some related words. Paired related words can only be used after the last related word. He has time to read novels every day, so it is not surprising that he got good grades in this exam. Although he is not working hard now, he has made considerable progress compared with before. Before using the post attribute, he bought a lot of pens, red ones. 7. Address forms have no strong feelings. Xiao Ming, let's work together. 8. Some coordinate objects can use commas or pauses. The quality of memory includes: the breadth of memory, (,) the persistence of memory and (,) the agility of memory. 9. First of all, it is used after the command language. Time is tight and the task is heavy. We must work harder. Second, we must pay attention to safety. 10, coordinate phrases as the subject. If the subject is long and there is a big pause, you can use commas. Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, compasses and plastic triangular rulers of various sizes occupy a combined desk. Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and Shuangmashi are the five outposts of Jinggangshan. Land reclamation, planting crops and vegetables are the guarantee of sufficient food; Spinning wool cotton is the guarantee of sufficient material. (3), semicolon:-indicates the pause between minutes in a compound sentence, and the pause is longer than a comma. 1. For complex sentences with only one relationship, commas are generally used between clauses instead of semicolons. For example, Xiao Li failed in the exam and Xiao Zhang failed in the exam. Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind. 2. If commas are used in clauses, semicolons must be used between parallel clauses. For example, Xiao Li failed the exam because he didn't study hard. Xiao Zhang studied hard, so he succeeded in the exam. His look is still so peaceful; His manners are still so dignified. I can't bear to see that terrible sight; Gossip, especially when it reaches my ears. 3. In order to distinguish the structure, even if there is no comma in one clause, use semicolons between clauses, because there is a comma in another clause. Xiao Li failed in the competition; Although Zhang's performance was not very good, after three months of hard work, he finally achieved good results in the competition. 4. Note that when using semicolons in complex sentences: (1), there is at least one comma between semicolons and periods, and between semicolons and semicolons. Zhangjiajie is full of stone peaks and Wan Ren cliffs; Tianzi Mountain is majestic; Suoxiyu is surrounded by peaks, majestic and majestic. (2) In some turning complex sentences, a semicolon can be used before "Dan". Citizens in China who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex or property; Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law. (";" (3) If a complex sentence is the object of a sentence, and a colon is used in front of the object, then a semicolon can also be used inside the clause. Experience tells us that thin clouds in the sky are often a symbol of sunny weather; Low and thick clouds are often a sign of rain and snow. (4) Clauses explain a complete meaning. In every clause, no matter whether a word, phrase or sentence is taken as a clause, a semicolon should be used at the end of each clause, and only the last clause should be used as a full stop. The requirements of a good student are: first, study hard and study hard; The second is to honor parents and respect teachers; Third, frugality and simplicity, high moral character. (5) In the sentence, the redundant pronoun "etc" is used to indicate the binding part that cannot be described, and the semicolon is used before "etc". China's riddles have many characteristics: fixed structure and lively form; Interesting and charming; Strong literariness and vivid image; The content is wide, big and small; Wait a minute. (4) Colon:-indicates the pause after the suggestive discourse or before the general discourse, and plays the role of prompting the following or summarizing the above. In the afternoon, he picked out several things: two long tables, four chairs, a censer candlestick and a platform scale. He doesn't like studying, he likes sports, and everyone loves him: that's all I know. The reporter interviewed some families, and many parents reported that their children had too much homework and long homework hours, and sometimes they did their homework until late at night. These situations exist in many schools across the country. This amazing fact proves that if you always think about money and don't see the enemy's corrosive attacks, people will go astray, so these facts can be used as living teaching materials. The colon in the sentence only means "going astray", not including the back, so it is used wrongly. The comma after "go astray" should be changed to a full stop. When using a colon, pay attention to: 1. When the quotation mark is followed, the colon is used after "so-and-so", indicating that the quotation mark behind it is a direct reference to others; If it is a report, that is to say, it is not a direct reference, so you can't use a colon. Bacon said, "Knowledge is power." The teacher said that he was not feeling well today and would not come to give lessons to his classmates. Punctuation in the dialogue: The teacher said, "It's very cold today. Let's put on more clothes. " "It's cold today," said the teacher. "Everybody put on more clothes." "It's cold today, so please put on more clothes." The teacher said. The teacher looked up at everyone. (:) "It's cold today. Let's put on more clothes. " 2. If the following text does not quote the original words, and the person has not changed, the previous text can be a colon or a comma. Deng Xiaoping pointed out (:) that science and technology are the primary productive forces. 3. Without a colon, there will be no big pause: (There must be a pause with a colon) The excellent films "Storm", "Song of Youth" and "Lin Zexu" that participated in the National Day tribute will also be shown in major cities. In the water margin, in front of the small restaurant under Jingyanggang, a flag stands high with the words (-) "Don't let go of three bowls". On the monument built for Sunqitun Village, the Provincial Department of Education engraved eight characters: "Excellent school performance will go down in history forever". 4. The colon is used after the words "attention", "pointing out", "proof" and "explanation" to make the sentence imperative, attract the following and attract attention. Of course, the colon can be changed into a comma, but the comma at this time only indicates a pause, and the original colon has no hint. Reality and experience show that it is difficult to have both mass education and elite education. Reality and experience show that it is difficult to have both mass education and elite education. You can't use two colons in the same sentence. At the meeting in the evening, Secretary Zhang announced that the factory should implement two reform measures: one is to hold posts with certificates, and the other is full-time training. 6. Don't use colons after "such as" and "such as". There are many track and field events, such as high jump, long jump and 100 meter race. There were many great poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi. 7. You can't use colons before "That is" and "That is". There are three books in my drawer: A, B and C. Pay attention to the prompt range of colon. The prompt range of colon should generally be at the end of the sentence, not just in the sentence. Excellent films such as Storm, Song of Youth and Lin Zexu will also be shown in major cities. 9. Semicolon and colon. (1), when a colon represents the following function, if it is used with a semicolon, it will be managed to the last clause, and only a period will be used after the last clause, and no period will be used after other clauses, otherwise it will only be managed to the last clause. What a beautiful scenery: Zhangjiajie is full of stone peaks and cliffs in Wan Ren; Tianzi Mountain is majestic; Suoxiyu is surrounded by peaks, majestic and majestic. (2) When the colon table summarizes the above functions, if a semicolon is used, the preceding clauses cannot use a period, otherwise it will be misunderstood as a summary of the clauses after this period. It was not until ten days later that I gradually learned that there was a strict mother-in-law in her family; A brother-in-law, a teenager, can get firewood; She has no husband in spring; He used to collect firewood for a living, ten years younger than her: everyone knows that. Zhangjiajie is full of stone peaks and Wan Ren cliffs; Tianzi Mountain is majestic; Surrounded by the peaks of Suoxiyu, it is magnificent and towering: what a beautiful sight. (5) Exclamation mark:-A pause at the end of a sentence indicating strong feelings. (1) indicates a pause at the end of an exclamatory sentence. What a beautiful picture this is! (2) If there is a component inversion sentence, use an exclamation point at the end of the sentence. How beautiful Beijing is in autumn! Sing for our great motherland! (3) Two interjections are used together, the latter usually uses an exclamation point, and the former uses a comma. Ah ah! It is spring again. (4) Exclamation marks are sometimes used for rhetorical questions with strong tone. There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions! Why didn't you say so earlier! I can't compare with him! (5) Exclamation marks can sometimes be used in imperative sentences with strong tone. Sister Xianglin, forget it! (6) Exclamation marks can be used in simple sentences with strong evidence, non-subject-predicate sentences and exclamatory sentences with strong feelings. All right! How beautiful! What a great pass! What a beautiful car! (7) After address terms, response terms and onomatopoeia words, and at the end of slogans, if there are strong feelings, also use exclamation marks. Bang bang! Ouch! Long live the motherland! (6), question mark: used in the nature of the sentence, indicating the tone of doubt. 1, continuous questions with a question mark at the end of each question; Of course, rhetorical questions always have question marks. What can I compare with you? How to compare? Who are you? Where are you from? What are you doing here again? Is money everything? You betrayed your friends for money, right? Don't you consider the feelings of your friends? 2. Although the multiple-choice question contains two or more choices, it is still a complete rabbit, expressing complete meaning, so only a question mark is used after the last question, and commas are used after other sentences. Is this timidity before the game, or is it uncomfortable? Should we support such a young man or should we blame him? Will you go tomorrow, him or me? 3. Subject-predicate inversion sentence, with a question mark at the end of the sentence and a comma after the predicate. (Put a comma in front of the question at the end of the address sentence, and use a question mark at the end of the whole sentence, because the address is the object of "asking questions", that is, the designated questioner, which is an indispensable part of the whole sentence. Have you arranged your work for these new comrades? Xiao Shuan's dad, are you going? What's the matter with you? What the hell is going on here, Deng? Is that my book? Xiaohui (wrong) 4. Although some sentences use interrogative words (who, what, how, how, where, etc. ), the whole sentence is not a true question, so it is not a question, it is a statement tone, and there is no question mark at the end of the sentence. In other words, when a question is the subject or object of a sentence, the whole sentence is not a question and does not need to be answered. Its purpose is only to state a situation, and this sentence does not need a question mark. We should study what to do about it. I don't know where his family lives. Nobody knows who he really is. 5. No matter rhetorical question or rhetorical question, there is no doubt to ask. The former only asks without answering, and the meaning to be expressed is already included in the question. The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract the reader's attention. But both are interrogative sentences, so a question mark is used at the end of the sentence. Aren't we moved by his deeds? Who created this world? It's us working people. 6. Not all interrogative sentences have interrogative words, and those with interrogative words are not interrogative sentences. "Last night, a dormitory was peed." "You?" I wonder what he thinks. 7. Some imperative sentences that express euphemistic tone can be questioned at the end of the sentence. Please don't make noise, will you? (7) Dash:-"Break" means that the sentence is suddenly interrupted and interrupted, and "fold" means that the meaning turns to another aspect. 1, which means that I gave him a gift on his birthday-a pair of sports shoes. 2, topic change, turning point It's hot today! When are you going to Shanghai? I didn't want to go, but my mother-in-law insisted that I visit him again-what's the point! 3. A big pause, interrupting and extending "Xiao Lin-I'm coming!" He shouted. Zhou Puyuan: Well, we want to repair her grave. The little boy began to cry loudly. "Woo-"The train started. I asked the people who were in Wuxi at that time, but-(indicating interrupting) 4. Progressive expression of meaning (close connection). In this case, we can usually see the passage of time before and after the dash, the advancement of meaning, the transfer of space and the change of plot. Unity-criticism-unity He reads, recites and writes from memory every morning. 5. According to different research objects, environmental physics can be divided into the following five branches:-environmental acoustics; -Environmental optics; -Ambient heat; -Environmental electromagnetism; -Ambient aerodynamics. 6. Say causality, dash before the fruit, and dash after it. He first pointed out that puppy love is not shameful-it is a very natural and normal phenomenon, and then pointed out that puppy love is not terrible-everyone with normal development may encounter it. 7. In addition, dashes are also used to connect two-part allegorical sayings, indicating the subtitle of the article and the author or source of words, poems and articles. Unite, forge ahead and prosper literature and art —— I wish the opening of the fifth congress of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Dumb people eat coptis —— There is no way to say that there is no way to doubt, and there is another village —— (Song) Lu You's "Traveling to Shanxi Village" 8. Used to summarize the above or separate the following. For the public, a shot is empty; Do it for yourself and spare no effort-this is the * * * similarity of various "acupuncture" experts. He asked several hotels, and the accommodation was not cheap-some wanted 200 yuan, some wanted 180, and the cheapest wanted 150. 9. Notes on the use of dashes: (1), the difference between dashes and brackets: both can be used to indicate comments, but the explanatory text led by dashes is an explanation of the previous text and is a part of the text. Without it, it is an indispensable part of the text. Without it, the meaning of the sentence is incomplete and must be read together with the text; The sentences in brackets are only incidental explanations of the above contents, not the text. Without it, the integrity of the sentence will not be affected, so you can not read it. Therefore, you can use dashes and brackets in reading materials and avoid using brackets in reading materials. According to incomplete statistics, as of last year, there were 20,000 private schools in China, including kindergartens. According to incomplete statistics, as of last year, there were 20,000 private schools (including kindergartens) in China. China's four great inventions (gunpowder, compass, printing and papermaking) have made great contributions to the development of world history. To study the ancient history of China, we have to mention four great inventions-gunpowder, compass, printing and papermaking. From this example, we can see that the theme of a film (that is, what we call the "purpose" of a documentary) can be ambiguous-at least there can be many explanations, while the artistic conception of a film is often simple. (2) Words indicated by dashes and "yes" and "you" cannot be used at the same time. I have three books: Historical Records, Zi Tongzhi Qian and Hundred Years of Solitude. These three books-Historical Records, Zi Qian and One Hundred Years of Solitude are all mine. (3) The difference between a dash and a colon: a dash means explanation and a colon means prompt; The explanation after the dash can be removed, and the explanation after the colon cannot be removed. Today's party has the following programs: dance, solo dance, acrobatics and cross talk. China's four great inventions-gunpowder, compass, printing and papermaking-have made great contributions to the development of world history. (4) When the explanatory part of the table in the text will not cause misunderstanding, it is generally only led by dashes; If this part is inserted in a sentence, and it is very long and easy to cause misunderstanding, you can use a double dash, that is, add a dash before and after the comment. In the known universe, only this corner of the solar system, our earth, is still alive with the spirit of life. Memory is a reflection of what human beings have experienced in the past, but how can the brain, a shiny substance like tofu, have this magical function? (5) Punctuation before dash. A little before the dash, but not after the dash. For more than four years, I have been in and out of pawn shops and pharmacies, almost every day, just forgetting my age. In short, the counter in the drugstore is as high as mine. (1), said to explain, not in front. China's four great inventions-gunpowder, compass, printing and papermaking have made great contributions to the development of world history. (2) To indicate the change of topic, punctuation should be used in front, because the words before the dash have ended and the dash has changed to another topic. "It's too hot today! -When are you going to Shanghai? " (3) The dash indicating the language interruption, if the previous word is relatively complete, add the corresponding punctuation; if the previous word is not a relatively complete sentence, punctuation cannot be used. I'll call him and he can come down to see you. It's just-he's very old-and he thinks his mother is long dead. (8) Parentheses:-indicates the label of the notes in the text. Comments in brackets generally do not need to be read. Parentheses are divided into in-sentence brackets and out-of-sentence brackets. 1, in-sentence brackets: brackets that only annotate or supplement some words in a sentence. It can be said that except poetry (because poetry is the most difficult to translate), most of Hugo's important works (novels and plays) have been translated into Chinese. Parentheses (1) in sentences should be close to the words being explained and supplemented. The discovery of Chinese ape-man in China is a great contribution to paleoanthropology. (2) If you want to add a dot after the explanatory and supplementary text, put the dot after the brackets. If you have any questions, please refer to Modern Chinese Dictionary (published by the Commercial Press). I believe you will find the answer. Gold used to refer to all metals, such as "gold is sharp and profitable" ("Xunzi's exhortation"), but now it refers to gold. The taboo has a long history. "Its popularity began in Zhou Dynasty, became in Qin Dynasty, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties, and its history lasted for two noon years" (Preface to Historical Taboos). (3) If the text in brackets in a sentence is a sentence, there is no need to add a dot at the end of the sentence, and the question mark and exclamation mark can be kept. 186 1 years later, Nora (empress dowager cixi) once engaged in the so-called "hanging the curtain and listening to politics" here (this is a form of Nora's direct mastery of political power. ), instigating Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and others to collude with imperialism and organize foreign guns to madly suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement. (The period in brackets has been deleted) 2. Extra-sentence brackets: brackets that annotate or supplement the whole sentence. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. (Xunzi's "Perseverance") "Perseverance, dead wood does not fold; Perseverance can open the stone. " (Xunzi "Persuasion") Xunzi said: "Perseverance, rotten wood can not be folded; Perseverance can open the stone. " (Xunzi's "Persuade to Learn") Our school enrolls students nationwide, and can send money to XX senior school through the post office to enroll, and a certificate of completion will be issued at the end of the study. (If you need a brochure, please attach the postage 1 yuan) (1) The brackets outside the sentence should be placed after the dot at the end of the sentence that is supplemented by comments. Laziness makes people angry. (Lao She's Camel Xiangzi) (2) In any case, there should be no point before or after the brackets. Life is full of pride, never empty his golden cup at the moon! . (Li Bai's "Into the Wine") (3) If the text in brackets outside the sentence is a sentence, the punctuation marks such as period, question mark and exclamation mark at the end of the sentence may or may not be retained. He cultivated many fragrant flowers and raised and trained many small animals. Later, he took care of a tiger mother in the zoo and fed her a spoonful of milk every day. )