Long-term planning is 5- 10 years, mainly to set long-term goals. For example, at the age of 30, I plan to become the department manager of a medium-sized company, and at the age of 40, I plan to become the deputy general manager of a large company.
Medium-term planning is generally the goal and task within 2 ~ 5 years. For example, I plan to be a manager in different business departments, a manager in a big company and a general manager in a small company.
Short-term planning The planning within two years is mainly to determine short-term goals and plan the tasks completed in the near future. For example, the study of professional knowledge, what business knowledge you have mastered in 2 years, and so on.
The influence of different stages of career development on career choice
Everyone's career will go through several stages, so you must understand the importance of this career cycle. Career cycle is very important, because your career stage will affect your knowledge level and your preference for various occupations. The main career stages that a person may experience can be roughly summarized as follows.
Growth stage
The growth stage can be roughly defined from a person's birth to 14 years old. At this stage, individuals gradually establish the concept of self through their identification with family members, friends and teachers and their interaction. At the beginning of this stage, role-playing is extremely important. During this period, children will try different behaviors, which will help them form the impression of people's reactions to different behaviors and help them establish their unique self-concept or personality. By the end of this stage, teenagers who have entered adolescence (these people have formed some basic views on their interests and abilities at this time) have begun to think about various realistic optional occupations.
Inquiry stage
The exploration stage takes place in a person's age range 15 to 24. During this period, individuals will seriously explore various possible career choices. They try to match their career choices with their understanding of careers and their personal interests and abilities gained through school education, leisure activities and work. At the beginning of this stage, they often make some broad career choices with experimental nature. However, with the individual's further understanding of his chosen career and self, he often redefines his original choice. By the end of this stage, they have chosen a career that looks suitable, and they are ready to start working.
Perhaps the most important task that people need to complete at the present stage and the future career stage is to form a realistic evaluation of their abilities and talents. Similarly, people at this stage must make corresponding educational decisions based on reliable information of various career choices.
Establishment stage
The establishment stage takes place between the ages of 24 and 44, which is the core part of most people's work life cycle. Sometimes, in this period (usually early), individuals can find a suitable career and then devote themselves to various activities that will help them achieve permanent development in this career. People are usually willing (especially in the professional field) to lock themselves in a chosen career early. However, in most cases, at this stage, people are still constantly trying various abilities and ideals different from their initial career choices.
The establishment phase itself consists of three sub-phases.
Experimental sub-stage: it occurs in a person's age group from 25 to 30. At this stage, the individual decides whether the currently selected career is suitable for him or her, and if not, he or she will be prepared to make some changes. For example, Wang Fang may have decided to choose a career in retail, but after working in a store as a newly hired assistant buyer for several months, she may find that a career with less travel time, such as marketing research, may be more suitable for her needs. From the age of 30 to 40, people usually enter a stable sub-stage.
Stable sub-stage: At this stage, people have often set firm career goals and made clear career plans to determine their promotion potential, the necessity of job-hopping and what educational activities are needed to achieve these goals. Finally, at some point between the ages of 30 and 40, people may enter the crisis stage in the middle of their careers.
Mid-term crisis stage: At this stage, people often make an important re-evaluation of their career progress according to their original ideals and goals. They may find that they are not close to their dream goal (such as becoming the president of a company), or have completed their scheduled tasks, only to find that their past dreams are not all they want. During this period, people may also think about how important work and occupation are in their whole lives. Usually people at this stage have to face a difficult choice for the first time, that is, to determine what they really need, what goals they can achieve, and how much sacrifice they need to make to achieve this goal.
Maintenance stage
45-65 years old, many people simply enter the maintenance stage. In the later period of this career, people have generally created a place for themselves in their own work fields, so most of their energy is mainly focused on keeping this position.
Descending stage
As retirement approaches, people have to face the recession in their careers. At this stage, many people have to face the prospect of accepting the reality of reduced power and responsibility, learning to accept a paid role and learning to be a mentor for young people. Then, almost everyone will inevitably face retirement. At this time, people are faced with the choice of how to spend their original time at work.
The influence of personal factors on career choice
(1) Personality and occupation
People's personalities vary widely, either warm and outgoing, shy and introverted, calm and calm, or irritable. The research of occupational psychology shows that different occupations have different personality requirements. Although everyone's personality can't be 100% suitable for a certain occupation, we can cultivate and develop the corresponding occupational character according to our own occupation tendency. People with different personality characteristics determine the job position and performance of each employee for enterprises; For an individual, it determines whether his career can be successful. In recent years, some educational psychologists have divided occupational character into nine basic types according to the actual situation in China. Please refer to the following table:
Class characteristics are suitable for occupation.
Mutants are happy in new and unexpected activities or working environments, like a variety of jobs, and are good at diverting attention. Journalists, salesmen, actors.
Repetitive type is suitable for continuing the same job, working according to a fixed plan or schedule, and likes repetitive, regular and standard work. Textile workers, machine tool workers, printers, film projectors.
Obedience is willing to cooperate with others or act according to their instructions, rather than making decisions and taking responsibility independently. Office clerk, secretary, translator.
Independent people like to plan their own activities and guide others' activities or make decisions about the future, and feel happy in an independent and responsible work situation. Managers, lawyers, policemen, boy scouts.
Collaborative type feels happy when working with others, is good at guiding others, and hopes to be liked by colleagues. Social workers and consultants.
Wit-type can self-control and calmly respond in tense and dangerous situations, and can complete tasks well and calmly when accidents and mistakes occur. Drivers, pilots, police, firefighters, survivors.
Self-expression likes to express one's hobbies and personality, make choices according to one's feelings, and express one's ideas through one's own works. Actor, poet, musician, painter.
Strict type pays attention to the accuracy of every link and detail in the work process. Willing to work as perfectly as possible according to a set of plans and steps, inclined to work strictly and try to see the effect of their excellent work. Accountant, cashier, statistician, proofreader, librarian and typist.
Most occupations meet the characteristics of several personality types at the same time, and each has the characteristics of several professional personality types at the same time. In the process of actual coincidence, we should deal with it according to the requirements of personal personality and occupation, and we can't generalize it.
(2) Interest and occupation
Interest is very important to the development of life and career, so interest is naturally one of the important factors in career choice. In order to make it easier for everyone to choose a suitable occupation according to their own interests, this paper introduces various types of occupation interests and the characteristics of corresponding occupations in the Canadian Vocational Classification Dictionary. Please refer to the following table:
Types, occupations with adaptive characteristics.
1 Willing to deal with things, preferring to touch tools, appliances or numbers rather than dealing with people. Cartographer, repairman, tailor, carpenter, builder, cashier, bookkeeper, accountant, surveying, engineering technology, machine building, etc.
I am willing to deal with people, like to associate with people, and am interested in sales, interviews, information transmission and other activities. Journalists, salesmen, salespeople, waiters, teachers, administrators, diplomatic liaison officers, etc.
Willing to deal with characters and symbols, like regular activities. Accustomed to working under pre-arranged procedures, willing to work regularly. Mail sorter, office worker, librarian, document sorter, typist, statistician, etc.
Willing to deal with nature, like geography and geological activities. Geological prospectors, drillers, miners, etc.
I am willing to work in agriculture, biology and chemistry, and like experimental activities in planting, breeding and chemical industry. Agricultural technicians, breeders, plumbers, laboratory technicians, pharmaceutical workers, vegetable farmers, etc.
6 Willing to engage in social welfare work, like to help others solve difficulties, such people are willing to help others, they strive to improve others' situation, help others solve problems, like to engage in social welfare and help others. Consultants, technical extension personnel, teachers, doctors, nurses, etc.
Willing to organize and manage, like to be responsible for some things and play an important role, hope to be respected and respected by everyone, and be willing to lead and organize. Organize leaders and managers, such as administrators, enterprise management cadres, school leaders, counselors, etc.
I am willing to study people's behavior and psychology, like to talk about topics involving people, and am interested in people's behavior and psychological state. Psychology, politics, anthropology, personnel management, ideological and political education research, pedagogy, behavior management, social science workers, writers, etc.
I am willing to engage in scientific and technological work, like to find and solve problems through logical reasoning, theoretical analysis, independent thinking or experiments, reasoning and testing activities, good at theoretical analysis, like to solve problems independently, and like to make new discoveries through experiments. Biology, chemistry, engineering, physics, natural science workers, engineering and technical personnel, etc.
10 is willing to engage in imaginative and creative work. Like to create new styles and concepts, most of them like to work independently and are quite confident in their knowledge and talents. Willing to solve abstract problems and eager to understand the world around them. Social investigation, economic analysis, various scientific research work, chemical testing, new product development and performance.
An artist, painter, creator or designer.
1 1 Willing to do technical work of operating machines, like to carry out activities through certain technologies, interested in using certain technologies, operating various machines, manufacturing new products or completing other tasks, like to use tools, especially large and powerful advanced machines, and like concrete things. Manufacturing industry, etc. Pilots, drivers, machinery
12 is willing to engage in specific work, and likes to make tangible products and get pleasure from them. I hope to see the fruits of my labor as soon as possible and get satisfaction from the finished products. Interior decoration, gardening, beauty, haircut, manual, mechanical maintenance, chef, etc.
According to this classification, one interest type can correspond to many occupations.
And each usually has several types of characteristics at the same time. If you want to be a nurse, you should have the characteristics of three interest types: willing to deal with people (type 2), willing to help others (type 6) and willing to do specific work (12). If you are not interested in a certain aspect, try to cultivate and develop your interest in this aspect to meet the requirements of nursing profession, otherwise it is better to choose a career that is more suitable for your interest type.
(3) Ability and occupation
There is no doubt that there is a direct relationship between career development and high ability. High ability, not abstract quality, can be expressed through professional roles: the ability of a symphony orchestra to conduct is obviously different from that of an excellent scientific and technological personnel and an excellent airplane pilot.
Ability is a prerequisite for a person to enter a profession and a subjective condition for being competent in professional work. No matter what occupation you are engaged in, you must have certain ability to do security. Without any ability, it is impossible to enter a professional job, and there is no occupation for individuals. Ability refers to the ability to complete certain activities. In a person's life, if he wants to engage in various social life and social production activities, he must have various abilities corresponding to it. The ability we are talking about here refers to the ability of workers to engage in social production activities, that is, the ability to work professionally.
Human abilities can be divided into general abilities and special abilities. General ability is often called intelligence, including attention, observation, memory, thinking ability and imagination. General ability is some basic abilities that people must have to successfully complete various tasks. Special ability refers to the ability to engage in various professional activities, which can also be called specialty, such as computing ability, music ability, action coordination ability, language expression ability, spatial judgment ability and so on. It can be seen that ability is a prerequisite for a person to complete a task and a basic factor affecting the work effect. Therefore, it is of great significance to know your own ability tendency and ability requirements of different occupations for reasonable career choice. Different abilities have different career choices. From the perspective of ability differences, the following principles should be followed when choosing a job:
① The type of attention ability is consistent with the occupation.
From the perspective of ability differences, people's ability types are different, that is, people's ability development direction is different. The research on occupations shows that according to the nature, content and environment of work, occupations can also be divided into different types and have different requirements for people's abilities.
Therefore, we should pay attention to the coincidence of ability type and occupation type. The ability level should be consistent or basically consistent with the professional level. For a profession or occupation type, due to different responsibilities, it can be divided into different levels, and different levels have different requirements for people's abilities. Therefore, after determining the occupation type according to the ability type, you should also determine the matching occupation level according to the ability level you have reached or may reach. Only in this way can the coincidence of ability and occupation be concrete.
Give full play to the role of superior ability. Everyone has an ability system composed of various abilities. In this ability system, the development of all aspects of ability is unbalanced. Often some abilities are dominant and some are not very prominent. For career choice and career guidance, we should mainly consider their best ability and choose the career that can give full play to their advantages and abilities. Similarly, in personnel arrangement, if we can pay attention to a person's strengths and abilities and assign corresponding jobs, we will give full play to a person's role.
(2) Pay attention to general ability and occupation.
General abilities include attention, observation, memory, thinking ability and imagination. Different occupations have different requirements for people's general ability, and some occupations have absolute requirements for the intelligence level of practitioners, such as lawyers, engineers, researchers, university teachers and so on. These all require high IQ; Intelligence largely determines the type of occupation.
(3) Pay attention to special abilities and occupations.
Special ability refers to the ability to engage in a professional activity, which can also be called specialty, such as computing ability, music ability, action coordination ability, language expression ability, trading ability, spatial judgment ability, shape perception ability, finger flexibility and dexterity. To successfully complete a job, you should not only have general abilities, but also have special abilities needed by the job, such as reading ability and expression ability. To engage in mathematical research requires the ability of calculation, spatial imagination and logical thinking. For example, a judge should have strong logical reasoning ability, but not necessarily strong hands-on ability; Builders should have certain spatial judgment ability, but they don't need good language expression ability.
Environmental factors affecting career.
(1) social environment
(1) Economic development level In areas with high economic development level, enterprises are relatively concentrated, there are more excellent enterprises, and there are more opportunities for personal career choice, which is conducive to personal career development; On the contrary, in economically backward areas, personal career development will also be restricted.
② Social and cultural environment includes educational conditions and levels, social and cultural facilities, etc. In a good social and cultural environment, individuals can be well educated and edified, thus laying a better foundation for career development.
(3) Political system and atmosphere Politics and economy interact with each other. Politics not only affects the economic system of a country, but also affects the organizational system of enterprises, thus directly affecting the career development of individuals; The political system and atmosphere will also have a subtle influence on personal pursuit, thus affecting the cause.
4 Values A person living in a social environment is bound to be influenced by social values, and the value orientation of most people will even be influenced by the value orientation of social subjects. The process of a person's ideological development and maturity is actually the process of recognizing and accepting the value of social subject. Social values affect personal career choices by influencing personal values.
(2) Organizational environment
(1) Corporate culture As mentioned above, corporate culture determines how the enterprise treats employees, so the career of employees is influenced by corporate culture. An enterprise that advocates employee participation in management can obviously provide more development opportunities for employees than a dictatorial enterprise; It is also difficult for employees who are eager to develop and pursue challenges to be reused in seniority-based enterprises.
(2) Management system: In the final analysis, the career development of employees depends on management system, including reasonable training system, promotion system, assessment system, reward and punishment system and so on. Enterprise values and business philosophy can only be effectively implemented if they penetrate into the system. Without the system or unreasonable and imperfect system, the career development of employees will be difficult to achieve, and may even become empty talk.
(3) The quality and values of leaders The culture and management style of enterprises are directly related to the quality and values of leaders, and the business philosophy of enterprises is often the business philosophy of entrepreneurs. If enterprise leaders don't pay attention to employees' career development, employees in this enterprise have no hope.
(3) Economic environment
The relationship of career influencing factors can be summarized as: bosom friend, bosom friend and choice.
What is career success?
Career success is the realization of personal career goals. The meaning of career success varies from person to person, which has strong relativity and has different meanings for the same person at different stages of life. Everyone can and should clearly define their own career success, including what success means, what will happen when they succeed, what they must have, when they succeed, the scope of success, success and health, the way they are recognized, the power they want to have and their social status. For some people, success may be an abstract and unquantifiable concept, such as feeling happy. Work in a harmonious atmosphere and have a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction after the work is completed. In their career, some people pursue job promotion, while others pursue job enrichment. For young employees, the success of their career "is easy to establish a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment in their work, rather than blindly pursuing rapid promotion;" In the work design, try to expand its work content and make the work more challenging. "
Career success can make people have a sense of self-realization, thus promoting the improvement of personal quality and the play of potential. Whether a career is successful or not, there are certain differences among individuals, families, enterprises and society. In reality, the standards and directions of career success are obviously diverse.
At present, we all know five different career success directions:
Aggressive-make it reach the highest position of the group and system.
Safety-pursue recognition, work safety and respect, and become an "insider".
Free type-get maximum control in the process of work, not be controlled.
Climbing type-opportunities for excitement, challenge, adventure and "edge".
Balanced-achieve a meaningful balance between work, family relationship and self-development, so that work will not become too energy-consuming or boring.
The criteria for career success are also diverse. After investigating the managers and personnel experts of various companies, some foreign scholars systematically expounded four kinds of career success according to their self-cognition. /ca & gt；
The first middle school library work plan 202 1
The school library is the first classroom for students' growth, a paradise for students' gro