First, teachers should be "guides" and sow the seeds of hope for reading.
Dou Guimei, a famous special-grade teacher, said: "The history of reading is a teacher's life history." Teachers play an important role in cultivating students' reading ability. Teachers should practice their internal skills, attach importance to reading teaching and strengthen reading guidance and training.
(A) to stimulate students' interest in reading
Einstein once said, "Interest is the best teacher." To improve students' reading ability, we must start with cultivating interest. Only when students are interested in reading can the teacher's "want me to read" be transformed into "I want to read". Interest is the source of reading teaching. Teachers should be good at guiding, create more reading and communication spaces at ordinary times, and carry out some beneficial activities in students and classes. Such as: oral contest, imitation dialogue, reading contest, reading contest, etc. Or make full use of the "book corner" in the classroom, so that students can happily accept the Chinese knowledge they want to learn. Cultivate a strong interest in reading in a scholarly campus environment from an early age.
1. Talk about your reading experience, so that students can enjoy reading.
In the process of teaching, teachers should be good at inspiring students, educating students to read books and reading good books. Teachers should often talk about their own (or organize students') gains and experiences after reading books, and use "appearance statements" to arouse students' emotional singing, so that students have a strong desire to read. At the same time, collect some famous aphorisms about reading in a planned and purposeful way, and comment and appreciate them; Tell the stories of famous people who have become successful in reading and conduct comparative education, so as to arouse students' admiration for scholars, their desire for books and their strong intention to make friends with books. In this way, students will take the initiative to make extensive reading attempts in their spare time.
2. Use the power of example to make students want to study.
In the teaching process, teachers should often introduce students to the ways of historical figures, scientists and people around them to become talents, and stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading with the power of example. Because through the ages, anyone who has done something for mankind is the result of extensive reading and diligent study.
3. Give full play to the charm of the story and let the students take the initiative to read it.
In the teaching process, teachers should stimulate students' subjective initiative and make them develop the pleasure of reading. Everyone loves stories, especially children who grew up listening to grandma's nursery rhymes and mom's fairy tales. When they heard the teacher say that they would tell a story, they were all full of energy, their ears pricked up and their joy was beyond words. They can't wait to hear. With the teacher's full voice and emotion, the story has been strengthened and rendered, which has brought the children into an emotional world full of suspense. Just as the children were listening attentively and depressed, expecting the end of the story, the teacher suddenly stopped and told the children that the story was complicated, but the following story could be more exciting. If you want to know the aftermath, please read the original text by yourself. At this time, the teacher lost no time in recommending relevant reading materials to the students.
(2) Pay attention to the guidance of students' reading methods.
Although interest is the motive force for people to engage in any activity, it is not clear that students are only interested in extracurricular reading, and the significance and effect of "racing with cows" in the vast ocean with no purpose and no rules are unknown. Some students are interested, so they skim the content with vivid plots; Others read good articles, but they don't know how to accumulate knowledge, absorb skills and apply them to writing. Obviously, this reading method has little effect. Therefore, we should further guide them not only to love reading, but also to read better and more effectively. As a reading guide, we should introduce some effective reading methods to students. There are many ways to read. Here I want to talk about several common and very effective reading methods:
1, selective reading method.
The application of this method is generally to selectively read relevant chapters or parts of relevant books and newspapers according to some needs of students in classroom study or writing, so as to apply what they have learned. For example, after learning the lesson "There is only one earth", students read the book "Man and Nature" purposefully (or look it up on the Internet) in order to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the close relationship between human beings, the earth and nature. For another example, after learning Penguin and Me, we instruct students to borrow relevant materials from the library, and then select the parts they need to write small scientific papers to cultivate students' ability to extract and use materials. At the same time, it also enriches language accumulation and improves reading interest and reading ability.
2. intensive reading.
The so-called intensive reading method is to concentrate some key articles in books and newspapers and read them word by word from the outside to the inside. Cheng Yuan Li Duan said: "Teach each sentence word for word, then understand the meaning of a sentence, then understand the meaning of a chapter, and then continue to work together, so as to kill two birds with one stone." This is the traditional three-step intensive reading method. It is the most important and basic means to cultivate students' reading ability. Some articles are meaningful in language, quoted from classics and vivid in plot. Based on these works, teachers can guide students to intensive reading, require students to devote themselves wholeheartedly, mobilize a variety of senses, do their mouth, eyes, heart, hands, read, think and note, and gradually develop the good habit of reading carefully.
3. Speed reading method.
The speed reading method is not to pronounce, distinguish or divert attention when reading, but to look at the general situation quickly. This requires students to concentrate and process and digest information quickly in the process of fast browsing. In ancient China, there were sayings of "learning from the past and seeking for the past" and "reading at different levels", which shows that speed reading ability has long been advocated. Using the fast reading method, you can get as much information as possible in the shortest time. Now science is advancing by leaps and bounds, life is changing with each passing day, and people's pace of life is also accelerating, which inevitably requires us to stress quality and timeliness in our work. If our students can only study hard, it is difficult to adapt to the rapid development of society. Therefore, it is a wise choice to teach students to adopt the speed reading method according to their own reading needs.
4. Extract comments.
This reading method is to extract relevant words, sentences, paragraphs and even the whole original text according to your own needs, or mark the key and difficult parts of reading, make comments and write comments. As the saying goes, "no pen and ink, no reading." The educational aphorisms, wonderful and vivid words and paragraphs in the article can be extracted and accumulated in the "thesaurus" established by ourselves, which has prepared rich language accumulation for future compositions. At the same time, you can also cut out good articles from newspapers and magazines you subscribe to and paste them into your reading notes. Read and think * * *, think and read. In the process of reading, you should learn to use your own experience and knowledge to examine, compare and judge the contents of the book, and write down your feelings and doubts in time. In short, if you use your hands and brain at the same time, reading will become more exciting and effective. Read different books and adopt different reading methods; The purpose of reading is different, and the method of reading is also different. Attention should be paid to teaching students to choose appropriate reading methods and use them flexibly according to different reading habits, reading purposes and nature.
5. Teachers should infiltrate reading methods in reading teaching.
Guiding students to master reading methods mainly depends on teachers consciously infiltrating methods into students' understanding of the text, so that students can gradually understand the methods through repeated reading practices and practice them repeatedly, thus gradually forming their reading ability. In order to train students to consciously use scientific methods to read, teachers are required to do:
(1) Pre-reading request. When preparing lessons, teachers should take the guidance of reading methods as an important teaching goal and write them into teaching plans, and design implementation steps and methods.
(2) reading guidance. In the process of reading, teachers should give appropriate guidance and inspiration to the places that students don't understand or the key and difficult points in the text, and guide students to solve the difficulties encountered in reading, so as to understand the text.
(3) induction after reading. The teacher instructed the students to practice reading. After reading a paragraph or an article, students should be guided to recall the learning process they have just experienced and summarize the reading methods. For example, guide students to say a sentence, how to read a paragraph, how to divide paragraphs, how to summarize the meaning of paragraphs, how to summarize the central idea and so on. And encourage students to constantly apply these methods to reading practice, and gradually form independent reading ability.
(C) enhance service awareness and create conditions for students to learn independently.
1. Teachers should give students the initiative in learning, which truly reflects students' autonomous learning.
Without students' reading and thinking, the cultivation of independent reading ability is just empty talk. In reading teaching, students are the subject and master of learning, and teachers serve students' learning. Students should have enough time to study and think, and what they don't understand should be raised and discussed with teachers and classmates. Say what you have read and discuss and communicate with each other; If the whole class can't understand deeply after discussion, the teacher can guide the students to read, think and discuss deeply, and the teacher can also give necessary explanations. An excellent teacher teaches a new lesson by letting students read the text by themselves, then talk about their impressive places or feelings, and then introduce the new lesson. What the students say may not be in line with the teacher's mind, but it is what impressed and moved them, and it is the real feeling of the students. Regular training in this way can not only cultivate students' understanding ability, but also embody and implement students' autonomous learning and enhance students' self-confidence.
2. Advocate teaching democracy, encourage students to express different opinions, and cultivate innovative consciousness and creative thinking.
Teachers give students the initiative in learning, and students' enthusiasm is mobilized and their thinking becomes active. There are bound to be many different understandings of the language, thoughts and feelings in the text. Students often ask teachers unexpected questions and ideas. Teachers should welcome students' different opinions, fully affirm students' spirit of overcoming herd mentality and daring to express original opinions, and make use of situations in teaching to properly solve the problems raised so that different opinions can be expressed. They can't suppress and dampen students' enthusiasm for learning. As long as it is meaningful, we should affirm and encourage them.
Second, parents should actively create a good reading atmosphere in primary school students' family reading.
(A) parents should create a positive learning family atmosphere.
Children spend more than half their time at home. How to let children read books and newspapers anytime and anywhere and enjoy reading has become a problem for parents to think about. For example, we can put some books or picture books suitable for children to read on the sofa, desk or bedside, so that children can read books everywhere. For another example, we can put some famous sayings of Chinese and foreign readers on the wall, so that children can be unconsciously influenced by useful books or words.
(2) Parents must set an example.
In front of children, parents must have the performance and behavior of reading books and newspapers. As the saying goes, examples speak louder than words. When children see you reading, they will imitate you, turn over books and look at pictures, which will naturally create a rich reading atmosphere.
(3) On weekends or holidays, parents should spend more time with their children visiting bookstores and buying books.
When a child sees other children reading and buying books, he will also have an impulse to buy books. Don't refuse children's requests to buy books, even if they want to buy "idle books" in the eyes of parents. Books can be bought as long as the content is healthy, and extensive reading is very important for the healthy growth of children. Only when a child buys the books he wants to read can his interest in reading be gradually cultivated. If parents' eyes are limited to textbooks and supplementary books, children are likely to have rebellious psychology and will not take the initiative to read them. Reading without interest is like chewing wax, which is harmful to improving their reading.
Reading ability is a very important ability for a student, and it is also an important quality that a student should have. The strength of reading ability is closely related to students' acquiring knowledge, improving their interest in learning, increasing their knowledge and cultivating their self-study ability. The improvement of primary school students' reading ability can not only strengthen the emotional experience in reading, but also enable students to accumulate rich Chinese knowledge and form a good sense of language. Can let primary school students understand and appreciate literary works, thus being influenced by noble sentiments and interests; At the same time, it can also develop their personality and enrich their spiritual world. Knowledge comes from practice, and reading ability is formed in practice. Mastering reading ability is the touchstone to test the success of reading teaching.