The automatic fire alarm system consists of fire detection alarm system, fire linkage system, combustible gas detection alarm system and electrical fire monitoring system.
The composition of the automatic fire alarm system is shown in the following figure:
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(1) fire detection and alarm system
The fire detection and alarm system consists of fire alarm controller, trigger device and fire alarm device. It can detect the first fire of the protected object in time and accurately, and make an alarm response, so that people in the building have enough time to evacuate to a safe area before the fire has spread to a level that endangers life safety. It is the most basic building fire protection system to ensure people's safety.
1. Trigger device
In the automatic fire alarm system, the devices that automatically or manually generate fire alarm signals are called trigger devices, which mainly include fire detectors and manual fire alarm buttons. A fire detector is a device that can respond to fire parameters such as smoke, temperature, flame radiation, gas concentration, etc. ) and automatically generate a fire alarm signal. Manual fire alarm button is a device that manually generates fire alarm signals and starts the automatic fire alarm system.
2. Fire alarm device
In the automatic fire alarm system, the control indicating equipment used to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, send out control signals and have other auxiliary functions is called fire alarm device. Fire alarm controller is one of the most basic controllers. The fire alarm controller is responsible for providing stable working power for the fire detector; Monitor the working state of the detector and the system itself; Receiving, converting and processing the alarm signal output by the fire detector; Acousto-optic alarm; Indicate the specific location and time of the alarm; At the same time, the corresponding auxiliary control and other tasks are executed.
3. Fire alarm device
In the automatic fire alarm system, the device used to send out fire alarm signals different from ambient sound and light is called fire alarm device. It sends a fire alarm signal to the alarm area by sound, light and sound to warn people to take safe evacuation and fire fighting and disaster relief measures quickly.
4. Power supply
The automatic fire alarm system belongs to fire-fighting electrical equipment, and its main power supply should be fire-fighting power supply, and the standby power supply can be battery. The system power supply not only supplies power to the fire alarm controller, but also supplies power to the fire-fighting equipment related to the system.
(2) Fire fighting linkage control system
The fire-fighting linkage control system consists of fire-fighting linkage controller, graphic display device of fire-fighting control room and fire-fighting electrical control device (fire shutter controller, gas fire extinguishing controller, etc.). ), fire electrical devices, fire linkage modules, fire hydrant buttons, fire emergency broadcasting equipment, fire telephones and other equipment and components. When a fire breaks out, the linkage controller accurately sends linkage control signals to fire-fighting equipment such as fire pump, spray pump, fire door, fire valve, smoke valve and ventilation according to the set control logic to complete the control functions of fire-fighting equipment such as fire-fighting system, evacuation indication system, smoke control system and fire shutter. When the fire-fighting equipment moves, the action signal is fed back to the fire control room and displayed, so as to realize the function of monitoring the state of building fire-fighting facilities, that is, the function of receiving fire information or other information from other systems other than the fire-fighting linkage field equipment and the automatic fire alarm system.
1. fire linkage controller
Fire linkage controller is the core component of fire linkage control system. It receives the fire alarm information sent by the fire alarm controller and controls the automatic fire fighting system (facilities) in the building according to the preset logic linkage. The fire-fighting linkage controller can directly send out control signals and control the controlled equipment on site through the driving device; In the case that the control logic is complex and it is not convenient to realize direct control on the fire-fighting linkage controller, the controlled equipment can be indirectly controlled by fire-fighting electrical control devices (such as fire shutter controller and gas fire extinguishing controller, etc.). ), at the same time can receive the feedback signal of automatic fire fighting system (facilities).
2. Graphic display device of fire control room
The graphic display device of fire control room is used to receive and display the dynamic information and fire management information of fire detection and alarm and linkage control system, fire hydrant system, automatic fire extinguishing system, smoke control system, fire door and shutter door system, elevator, fire power supply, fire emergency lighting and evacuation indication system, fire communication and other fire protection systems and various fire protection equipment (facilities) in the system, and has the function of information transmission and recording.
3. Fire electrical control device
The function of fire electrical control device is to control all kinds of fire electrical equipment. Generally control the control devices and dual power supply interchange devices of various electrical fire-fighting facilities such as fire pumps, smoke exhaust fans, electric fire doors, electric fire windows, fire shutters, electric valves, etc. Through manual or automatic working mode, the working state of the corresponding equipment is fed back to the fire linkage controller for display.
4. Fire electrical equipment
The function of fire-fighting electrical devices is to drive or release electrical fire-fighting facilities, including electrical fire doors and windows, electrical fire dampers, electrical smoke control valves, gas drivers and other electrical fire-fighting facilities.
5. Fire linkage module
The fire-fighting linkage module is a device for signal transmission between the fire-fighting linkage controller and its connected controlled equipment or components, including an input module, an output module and an input-output module. The function of the input module is to receive the signal feedback of the controlled equipment or components, and input the signal into the fire-fighting linkage controller for display; The function of the output module is to receive the output signal of the fire-fighting linkage controller and send it to the controlled equipment or components. The input-output module has the functions of both input module and output module.
6. Fire hydrant button
The fire hydrant button is a control button for manually starting the fire hydrant system.
7. Fire emergency broadcasting equipment
Fire emergency broadcast equipment consists of control and indication device, audio power amplifier, microphone, speaker, broadcast distribution device, power supply device, etc. It is a device for emergency broadcasting by controlling power amplifier and loudspeaker in case of fire or accident. Its main function is to inform the on-site personnel of the occurrence of fire, command and guide the on-site personnel to evacuate.
8. Fire telephone
Fire telephone is a telephone system used to communicate between the fire control room and various parts of the building. It consists of a fire telephone switchboard, a fire telephone extension and a fire telephone jack. Fire telephone is a special independent system separated from ordinary telephone. Generally, centralized intercom telephone is used. The fire telephone switchboard is located in the fire control room, and the extensions are located in other parts. Among them, the fire telephone switchboard is an important part of the fire telephone, which can carry out full-duplex voice communication with the fire telephone extension. The fire telephone extension is set in the key part of the building, which can communicate with the fire telephone switchboard in full duplex voice. Fire telephone jacks are installed in all parts of the building. You can communicate with the fire telephone switchboard by inserting the telephone handle.
Second, the working principle of automatic fire alarm system
In the automatic fire alarm system, the fire alarm controller and the fire linkage controller are the core components, which are the monitoring and management hub and man-machine interaction platform of fire alarm and alarm in the system.
(1) fire detection and alarm system
When a fire occurs, the fire detector installed in the protected area converts the fire characteristic parameters such as smoke, heat and light radiation generated by the fire into electrical signals, and transmits the fire characteristic parameter information to the fire alarm controller after data processing; Or the fire detector directly makes a fire alarm judgment and transmits the alarm information to the fire alarm controller. After receiving the fire characteristic parameter information or alarm information of the detector, the fire alarm controller displays the position of the alarm detector and records the fire alarm time of the detector through alarm confirmation judgment. When people at the fire scene find a fire, they can immediately touch the manual fire alarm button installed at the scene, and the manual fire alarm button will transmit the alarm information to the fire alarm controller. After receiving the alarm information of the manual fire alarm button, the fire alarm controller will confirm the alarm, display the position of the manual fire alarm button and record the alarm time of the manual fire alarm button. After confirming the alarm information of the fire detector and the manual fire alarm button, the fire alarm controller drives the fire alarm device installed at the scene of the protected area to send out a fire alarm to warn people in the protected area of fire.
The working principle of fire detection and alarm system is shown in the following figure:
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(2) Fire fighting linkage control system
When a fire occurs, the alarm signal of the fire detector, manual fire alarm button and other linkage trigger signals are transmitted to the fire linkage controller, and the fire linkage controller identifies and judges the received trigger signals according to the preset logical relationship. When the logical relationship condition is met, the fire-fighting linkage controller starts the corresponding automatic fire-fighting system (facility) according to the preset control sequence to realize the preset fire-fighting function; The fire management personnel in the fire control room can also directly start the corresponding fire protection system (facility) by operating the manual control panel of the fire control linkage controller, so as to realize the preset fire protection function of the corresponding fire protection system (facility). The fire-fighting linkage control receives and displays the feedback information of the fire-fighting system (facility).
The working principle of the fire linkage control system is shown in the following figure:
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