Post it on the news web page, and know the MP3 picture video encyclopedia.

Help settings

The book How Steel was Tempered was written by Nicholas. Ostrovsky, he is an ordinary worker, a Red Army soldier and a grass-roots cadre of the Communist Youth League. Many plots in How Steel was Tempered are based on his own experience. He and the protagonist Paul? Like Kochakin, he was poor and out of school, worked as a coolie, fought in the Red Army, was injured, and later became blind and paralyzed. Desperate, he didn't want to eat, drink, breathe or wait for death, so he picked up the only weapon he could use-a pen. No, that's not accurate, because he couldn't carry it anymore. But by dictation, let relatives and friends take notes. It took three years to overcome unimaginable difficulties and create this immortal masterpiece, realizing the ideal of returning to combat posts.

The hero of this book is Paul? Cochakin and Paul became friends with Tonya in an accidental meeting after being expelled from school by teachers and priests. Under the guidance of Zhu, an assembler, he learned that the Bolsheviks were revolutionary parties fighting for the liberation of the poor. He reluctantly bid farewell to Tonya, fled his hometown, joined the Red Army and became a strong Bolshevik fighter. However, his physical condition deteriorated, his right leg became disabled, and the dark injury of his spine became more and more serious, and finally he was paralyzed. However, he did not feel depressed because of this, and began a difficult writing career, from which he made a good start in his new life.

I believe that everyone who has read this book will admire Paul's indomitable revolutionary spirit, which is not afraid of illness and setbacks. He always struggles for the revolutionary cause. He was once unfortunately infected with typhoid fever. With strong perseverance, he miraculously came back from the death line and returned to the hot job without hesitation.

Life can be said to be a tortuous road. In the journey of life, you will encounter many difficulties, face the blow of failure and the pain of not being understood, and so on. However, all this is short-lived. After breaking through obstacles and overcoming difficulties, looking back at the road we have traveled, we will find that it is the flame that sharpens life. How many heroes and great men are trained in the burning flame, as people often say: "The blade comes from sharpening, and the plum blossom fragrance comes from bitter cold." Compared with Paul, the difficulties we encounter in our study and life are really insignificant. What reason do we have to sigh and shrink back?

Today's society is an information society with fierce competition, and the knowledge economy has begun to take shape. From the perspective of the international community, peace and development have become the theme of the times, and the international competition around economy and science and technology is becoming increasingly fierce. All countries are aiming at the 2 1 century to seize the commanding heights of development, which makes China face new opportunities and challenges. The pace of China's "catching up with the times" is accelerating, which makes our Chinese nation face the opportunities and challenges of all-round rejuvenation. The country needs talented people with profound knowledge, strong will and decisive innovation. Therefore, we have no choice but to cross the frustrations of knowledge and go forward bravely!

three

All the staff flinched, but Paul and his comrades persisted. The superior sent engineers to blow up the hillside with explosives. Victory was just around the corner, but Paul suddenly fell ill. The comrades put Paul suffering from typhoid fever on the train and sent him back to Kiev. The train stopped at a small station. People carried down a young man with the same chestnut hair and died. ...

16

1922, Paul has just recovered. He returned to Kiev, and with the help of his comrade-in-arms okunev and tokarev, secretary of the State Party Committee, he finally found a job as a warehouse keeper. Paul found many loopholes in the warehouse and a lot of state property was stolen, but no one asked him. He also found that Du Bawa, secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee of the factory, became narrow-minded, enterprising, often drank too much, and dealt casually with workers. Paul decided to fire the workers. His rhetoric at the meeting aroused Dubois' disgust, but * reporter Anna

17

At that time, children were all self-reliant. During tokarev's serious illness, Qiu came to Kiev to temporarily replace the secretary of the State Council. He helped the clique to participate in the election of delegates to the All-Russian Youth League Congress, but the delegates finally elected were still very popular. Pavel korchagin was relieved of his post as secretary of the Youth League Committee. Dubava is angry with Paul. At the wedding, he came to congratulate Paul, but he was angry with everyone. Anna is even more remorseful.

19

Paul Moscow * * * I was glad to meet Rita unexpectedly at the group meeting, but Rita told me that she had a mother, which made Paul very depressed. Paul spoke at the meeting and noticed that Rita didn't attend the meeting that day. Two members of the Committee for the Elimination of Revolution approached Paul, hoping to provide some comments from Rita, because Paul, who was suspected to be a Trotskyist, refused their request. When he returned to the representative station, he heard the news that tokarev had died. Paul went to the Central Revolutionary Committee to find his old comrade-in-arms Halevy, hoping to get out. Help clarify Rita's problems, but Halevy kindly advised him to leave here at once and never interfere in Rita's affairs. Paul reluctantly returned to Kiev, only to find the office of secretary Vera tokarev crying sadly. Originally, Qiu used his position to play with Vera's feelings, but now he is pregnant, but Qiu wants to abandon another woman ... Paul came to Qiu angrily and happened to brag to two subordinates about how he has the ability to conquer women. Paul rushed forward, knocked Qiu down with one punch and called the prefectural party Committee. A meeting was held to discuss the beating. Regardless of the seriousness of the party, Qiu played a rogue style, which caused everyone's dissatisfaction. Finally, he voted to expel Qiu from the party, but Paul fell to the ground because of excessive excitement.

final result

Paul lived in a nursing home by the Black Sea and began to write novels. A girl named Daya helped to post the first half of the manuscript, but the rest was lost in the mail. The hospital held an expert appraisal meeting and decided that Paul could only live for three months at most, his eyes would be blind and his lower limbs would be paralyzed ... A series of heavy blows made Paul face the brink of collapse and came to the seaside with a Zhu pistol, ending his meaningless life, but his strong will finally overcame cowardice and made him give up the idea of suicide and return to his wealth. Don't learn from your hometown for many years that your mother died, your brother got married and visited your mother's grave. I met Tonya by accident on the road. In tonia's mind, Paul, a man as strong as steel, firmly believes that as long as Paul wants to do something, he will surely make tonia come to Paul's side, quit his job and stay with Paul to help finish the novel writing. One sunny morning, two cars came to Paul's house, and Zhu, secretary of the State Party Committee, brought the newly published novel and the highest honor awarded to Paul by the state-the Red Flag Medal. Heroic name

References:

/question/33595057.html？ si= 1

Defendant: Sandra-second assistant 2007-8-20 2 1:09.

Reading notes on how steel is tempered.

The Soviet novel How Steel was Tempered, which once caused a sensation in China, has filled me with passion again today. ...

This novel is the personal experience of the writer ostrovsky. Pavel Colta King is the hero in the book. Paul went through various tests of work, life, family, love and friends, and changed from an ordinary citizen to an excellent Red Army soldier. Finally, he was completely paralyzed and blind in the cruel war, but he always maintained an optimistic, cheerful, selfless and fearless attitude and devoted himself to the revolutionary cause. His spirit is commendable and will never be forgotten by future generations.

"Life is the most precious thing for people, and life is only once for everyone. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, on his deathbed, he can say that all my life and energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind! " This passage, believed by countless parents and grandparents, is still meaningful today. It can inspire people to cherish time, re-recognize the true meaning and value of life, and have a solid foundation before taking every step.

How is steel tempered? It has been tempered by fire. In the process of smelting, it is inevitable to suffer from all kinds of incineration, but don't complain about impermanence. As the saying goes, how can you see a rainbow without experiencing wind and rain? We should thank God for giving us these difficulties and tempering. One day, we will grow up in difficulties. Just like Paul, although betrayed by his friends and abandoned by his lover, it is precisely because of these ups and downs that he has a rich belief in the revolutionary cause and has become a great man with lofty beliefs and lofty interests.

The novel How Steel was Tempered is not only a favorite work of the older generation, but also a beacon for our modern teenagers. Paul's glorious image will live in our hearts forever!

Respondent: LX 25 18083- probationary period level 1 2007-8-22 10:34.

List of main roles

Paul Kochakin (nickname: Paul Fu Lusha, commonly known as: Paofka)

Xie Liao Sha Bo Ruzsak-Paul's childhood friend, Red Army soldier, * * * *

Secretary of Communist Youth League Committee

Valeria Ruzsak-Xie brought her sister, a Communist Youth League member.

Lida Ustinovich, a member of the Political Department of the Red Army Division, is a member of the Communist Youth League.

Standing Committee of provincial party Committee

Ivan Zarki, Red Army soldier and secretary of the Youth League Committee.

IGAD pankratov-Dockers, Youth League of Freight Terminals.

commemorate

Nikolai okunev, secretary of the Youth League Committee in the garage, secretary of the Youth League Committee.

commemorate

Fyodor Zhu Laihe —— sailor, underground worker of the Party, member of the Committee for Eliminating Counterrevolutionaries of the Provincial Party Committee.

Chairman of the Military Region Secret Service Committee

Deputy minister

Dorynnik Carpenter, the underground worker of the Party, and the chairman of the Municipal Revolutionary Committee.

Achim-* * Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League of Ukraine.

commemorate

Tokarev, an old locksmith, captain of the road construction team and secretary of the district party committee.

Alexander Puzyrevski, the leader of the Red Army.

Old Bolshevik

Aerjiaom Kochakin-Paul's brother, fitter, chairman of the city Soviet.

Politowski-Train Driver

Zahar Boruz Sark-Xie took over his father's words and was the co-driver.

Maria Yakovlev —— Paul's mother

Daya (nickname: Da Yusha)-female worker, Paul's wife.

Tonya TuMannova-Paul's boyhood girlfriend, the daughter of a forestry official.

Dmitri Dubawa-* * * Secretary of the Communist Youth League District Committee, Trotskyite

Volodya Tufta-* * Minister of Registration and Distribution Department of the Communist Youth League Provincial Committee, Trotskyite.

Cvita's-Trotskyite, Secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee of the Railway Factory.

Father Vasily, member of Ukrainian Social Revolutionary Party, counter-revolutionary.

Victor Lescinsky-Polish hereditary aristocrat, middle school student and informer.

Petriula-the leader of the white robber

A young friend of mine heard that I was revising How Steel was Tempered.

Translation, specially wrote to think.

I must leave him a copy of this book after it is published. He said he was still a "cultural man"

When I was in primary school at the end of the Revolution,

I grabbed a comic book and turned it upside down from beginning to end.

So far, no one has read this book, which is unforgivable.

Yes. He is eager to read it. He is talking about one of the young people.

The representativeness of the decision.

People who went to college in the fifties and sixties were in a very different situation. Not just everyone.

Read it, and read it many times, read it carefully, read it.

After that, you will see its practical application. Not long ago, a doctoral supervisor in our school sent a message.

College students, talk about the meaning of life.

The person in charge said that Pavel Colta King's famous words accompanied him all his life, urging him to grasp them.

Every minute, every second, do one

Some things that are conducive to the development and progress of mankind also make their spiritual life.

Be full. The situation of this old professor,

Among the elderly, it is also representative.

Young or old, reading or not reading.

And people who want to study think that steel

How it was tempered is a good book worth reading. In fact, this work has been published.

The strong response among readers at that time,

Facts have long proved that this is an exciting book.

The author of this book, Nikolai ostrovsky, is a Russian, a

Ordinary workers, Red Army soldiers, * * * *

Grass-roots cadres of the regiment. 1904 was born in Ukraine. How is steel made?

Cheng is not his autobiographical novel,

But there are many plots based on his own experience. He is the same as a novel.

Like Pavel Kochakin, in.

The young family was poor and out of school, worked as a coolie, fought in the Red Army and was injured. Later,

He is also blind and paralyzed. exist

In desperation, he doesn't want to eat, drink, breathe and wait for death, so

Pick up the only weapon that can still be used—

Pen, no, it's not accurate to say pen, because he couldn't carry it in Lian Bi later, and

Dictation, asking relatives and friends to take notes, lasted for a long time.

After three years, I overcame unimaginable difficulties and created this immortal masterpiece.

Now the ideal of returning to combat posts has come true.

At the end of the novel, it is said that Paul finally ushered in almost desperate expectations.

Telegraph from the State Committee: "This novel is highly praised.

The reward is coming. Congratulations on your success. "In real life, Osterloh.

, but not so lucky, but

Experienced more hardships. After the novel was sent to the publishing house, it was blocked from the beginning.

Mentang.-No. Then I passed a friend.

Our efforts were carefully accepted by a magazine. The first novel

The department and the second part are in 1932 respectively.

And 1 1 in1are all published in inconspicuous positions, but here

In the past three years, critics have not commented on it.

Words, it seems that I haven't found this work. What an awkward silence.

On the other hand, readers ignored the indifference of critics and did not wait.

Who is waiting for recommendation and guidance? Still in the manuscript

During this period, the works spread like wildfire among local readers. During the magazine serial, figure

There is a long line of people who borrow books from the library.

People can't wait for the publication of each issue of the magazine. Letters flew in like snowflakes.

Go to the editorial department. A reader gave it directly.

The author wrote: "Nicholas, good brother! It is Clara Si Nuo who wrote to you.

A fitter in the garage you don't know.

It's five o'clock in the morning and I've been reading your Paul story all night. me too

I love him. His sworn enemies, all of them.

Let me poke it with the tip of my pen. The magazine was punctured. Now I'm sitting there,

I don't know how to return it to the library "

Here you can see the reader's excitement.

The critics continued to remain silent. Until the end of 1934, famous journalists and

Writer Mi Korsoff came to the Black Sea.

A mummy-like Nestor was found in a small wing in Sochi-sur-mer.

Lofsky, interview, and at 1.

On March 17, 1935, Pravda published a communication report "Brave".

"ostrovsky's name.

Words and deeds first appeared in national newspapers and spread throughout urban and rural areas overnight.

Every corner became a legend.

A hero. In the same year 10 won the highest honor at the national level-column.

Ning medal. Author 1936 12

In the two years before his death on February 22nd, the novel was reprinted in five languages.

Ten times.

How steel was tempered has become a book that people can't put down. he

Children are often excited to read this work.

Tears filled my eyes. Read it over and over again, not for the twists and turns of the plot.

Attracted, eager to know what the event is.

What is the result of development? They are already familiar with the development and ending of the event.

Got it. They read this work again and again,

Just because it aroused their strong voice, violently shocked their hearts.

Spirit brings them endless spirit.

Quantity.

The Chinese version of How Steel was Tempered was also read by our country.

A warm welcome from the audience. This book was originally written by

Comrade Yimei is translated from English and published by Shanghai Xinzhi Bookstore. 1942.

. For more than half a century, generation after generation

A generation of young people are educated and encouraged by it. Kim of Colta and Liu of China.

Hulan, Dong Cunrui, Huang Jiguang, Lei Feng,

Jiao, like other heroes, is universally respected and loved by young people. his name

Words: the most precious thing for people is life. life

Everyone has only one chance. A person's life should be spent like this: looking back, he

I won't regret wasting my time, I will.

Will not be ashamed of meanness and vulgarity; On his deathbed, he was able to say, "mine.

All my life and energy have been dedicated.

The most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of all mankind. "Be agreed.

Many people put it in their notebooks and hang it on the bedside.

Stick it on the wall as the motto of life.

Since the publication of How Steel was Tempered, it has been enduring for 60 years.

. The reason is not only true and profound.

It vividly depicts a broad picture of life in Ukraine before and after the October Revolution.

It was it that shaped Pavel Colta King.

The glorious image represented by a generation of heroes. Paul's spirit has become the banner of the times.

This image has stepped out since its birth.

Going abroad has become an example for progressive young people all over the world to learn.

Paul's spirit has long gone beyond the boundaries of the times. In today's era, Bao Tong

The specific content of that era has long existed.

Have a great influence. Take China as an example. After the "Cultural Revolution",

China has entered the socialism of reform and opening up.

In the new period of modernization, we are faced with new situations and new tasks.

There are also many new problems to be solved.

Real life may not require us to launch 17 times a day like Paul did.

Charge to capture a castle, not necessarily.

When we have typhoid fever, we are asked to step on the frozen soil to build it.

Small railway, but there is a China special supply under construction.

In the great March of color socialism, Paul's contribution to human progress and

The spirit of liberation and selfless dedication; that sort of

Combine lofty ideals with every concrete action, be down-to-earth and work hard.

The spirit of hard work; Not afraid of any difficulties.

The spirit of facing difficulties, perseverance and courage to struggle; That kind of life

Endless life and the spirit of struggle, but

Still the strongest voice of the times. In the socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization

During the construction, Paul's spirit is still ours.

Powerful weapon.

We admire how steel is tempered, not that it is perfect.

Lack.

From today's point of view, some paragraphs and chapters work, such as in agriculture.

People, intellectuals and even the new economy.

The description of some aspects of the policy is not unbiased.

This can be said to be the imprint of the times. If we are familiar with the creation of this book

Generation background, then, these defects also

It's not hard to understand.

How Steel was Tempered was published by the author before and after his death.

Version too many times. These versions are text and

There are different degrees of differences in content. For example, it was cleaned up in the late 1930s.

Historical figures, their names are later.

The version of has been deleted and will not be restored until it is repaired. Besides, there are other versions.

Some changes. 1989 Soviet youth

The Guard Publishing House has published a new three-volume collection of Ni ostrovsky Wen.

Set ",this steel is how to receive?

Sample tempered "according to the author 1936 signed at the end of the fifth edition of the publishing house before his death.

The edition and manuscript have been collated, which is a heavy one.

The newly reorganized text. This book is published in the form of an appendix.

Go to the unpublished part of the Russian version.

Manuscript. The editor of the new anthology thinks this version should be the most consistent with the original.

Appearance, and can be a blueprint for future versions.

Normative text. Thanks to Mosconi ostrovsky National Museum and

The editor of the new anthology kindly gave me a copy.

Settings, so that I can review the translation according to the new version this time, and there will be new discoveries.

The text of the table was supplemented and translated. For ease of reading

When readers read, the new translation has been directly embedded in the text. Interested in the research version

Please refer to 198 for different comrades.

Russian version for 9 years.

Compared with the previous version, this new version has about 40 thousand words.

The length of the book is scattered in different places.

Fang. A short word or two, a sentence or two, a long page or twenty, even

Can be divided into knots. The content involves many things.

Aspects, such as young Paul and tonia, Red Army soldiers Xie Liaosha and Lida and Bao.

Friendship and love between Er and the Red Army's big teeth.

War, the mentality of ordinary citizens, Paul joined and quit the "workers' opposition"

",the Bolshevik party with Trotsky.

Factional struggle, the warm scene of socialist construction, and so on. In addition, there are many.

How many big and small changes.

In this way, this Chinese version can also be said to be the latest full translation.

Yes

The first edition of this book was published by People's Literature Publishing House, 1976. the people

The Literature Publishing House is responsible for the publication of this book.

Comrade Sun, the editor in charge is Comrade Wang Jiaxiang.

Both of them are predecessors in the translation field, working silently for the publication of this book.

Lots of work. Now Comrade Wu Sheng has

After honorably retiring, Comrade Jia Xiang died unfortunately. I want to express to them here.

Sincere thanks and deep memory.

Huangshunan

1994 July in Nanjing Normal University

A textbook of life

The display of noble personality with firm belief and perseverance.

As far as the strength and depth of its influence on readers are concerned, it is unique in the history of world literature.

Unique.

One of the most outstanding works of Soviet literature in 1930s.

One of the hundred classics that have influenced history.

Classical translation that influenced modern China society.

How Steel was Tempered, a masterpiece that inspired countless people, came out.

Prosperous for more than 60 years. The reason is that this book is true and profound.

It vividly depicts the broad picture of life in Ukraine before and after the October Revolution, and also

It has shaped Pavel Kochakin's lofty personality of persistent and indomitable faith.

Its image transcends time and space, has worldwide influence and shocks the lives of generations.

Heartstrings.

No matter from the ideological content or from the artistic form, this novel

It is one of the best works in Soviet literature in the 1930s.

First, it is a book that people can't put down. In the former Soviet Union alone, this work was based on

6 1 language has been printed more than 600 times with a circulation of more than 30 million copies.

How steel is tempered teaches us how to live meaningfully.

Paul's pursuit of life and persistent efforts and dedication.

And a firm belief in life, it is always worth learning.

Ostrovsky's novels are of great significance to millions of Ukrainian factories and collective farms.

Youth has a special meaning. Because Ukraine is cooperating with the Central Committee, Peter

In the battle between the German and Polish occupation bandits, the situation is extremely complicated.

In the tense fighting environment, thousands of excellent Kochakin have been trained.

Fight a hero.

Petrov.

As the saying goes, cats have nine lives. Literary works should also have several kinds of souls. steel

There are at least three ways in which iron is tempered: the first is the revolutionary letter of the revolutionaries.

Reading and revolutionary action. The second kind, love, is eternal and will not disappear.

. Paul's love for Tonya and Rita and his concept of love are all in the novel.

A touching statement. This makes the charm of the work last forever. Third, with suffering and bad luck.

Fight and conquer life. This is not out of date.

-famous writer Liang

If I talk about my love in my reading order, give it to me in my youth.

The most influential novel is How Steel was Tempered by the former Soviet Union. rather than

The image of its owner Pavel Colta King is so vivid, vivid and full.

What has a strong artistic appeal is precisely his thinking about the value of life.

How many lives have been affected.

-famous writer Li Ruqing

In the minds of our generation of readers who are influenced by Russian and Soviet literature,

The image of pavel korchagin is indelible. He said that "people are the most important.

The precious thing is life ",at that time almost no one can't recite it." ...

-Young writer Hami

Meet where there is water.

In recent years, "How Steel was Tempered" (hereinafter referred to as "Steel") even

Best-selling in 2008, stable in different rankings, recommended by teachers and parents to children.

Bibliography, in the private words of young people, is booming in the publishing house, slowly but surely.

As far as print runs are concerned, steel has always been a mainstream reading.

, unshakable. What triggered the massive reading of the same scale in different periods?

Reading? There are many kinds of modern book markets, and readers have considerable choice.

What caused the revival of an old book read by the previous generation?

Is it nostalgia? If so, why should publishers follow the trend in the new situation?

Old books are not so popular, even deserted, with few doors?

The question still goes back to the book itself. I made a survey about steel.

Students often choose "teacher" when answering questions about "reading motivation"

Or parents recommend it, but teachers and parents-or generally called "don't"

People "-there must be more than one book recommended. Why do you passively accept reading?

How can information people become active readers so smoothly and quickly? origin

Because this book does have its unique attraction. Interestingly,

When asked why others recommend it, the answer is usually something grand.

Reason: I hope to learn tenacity, tenacity, hard work, etc., quite a lot.

Some people also mentioned the words that ostrovsky left for the protagonist in the book.

Flash quotation. But once asked "why do you like it", the answer is ten.

Perceptual and subtle changes: its artistry, readability, etc. most

Important places are mentioned directly or indirectly according to different ages, namely

The story between Paul and Tonya, from falling in love to giving up, is very romantic.

A kind of strength: getting better, it is not enough to sit by the river in the sun all your life.

When it broke down, it turned and left without looking. What makes them love each other so much?

This is clear, without any pollution?

To tell the truth, this book has been able to get a large number of young readers in China.

The favor of, is indeed due to the full suffering in the first half of the year and grow around.

Young and true love. In the era when literature has no love, tonia

These three words are full of exotic customs, mysterious and gentle images.

Matches, much warmer than Chun Qing, can be said to be "winter" at that time.

Niya "is synonymous with" love ",and" love "follows girls in readers' minds.

The emergence of tonia, growth and prosperity for a period of time, like a hot winter.

A claustrophobic lone star; And Tonya who broke up with Paul as an adult.

Asia, with a different mode of criticism and propaganda, rose in the hearts of readers of that year.

The ripple of hope-it was that era that coincided with a greater tragedy in the aesthetic sense.

Love gave young people in that particular era a spirit of "wanting to love but not being able to".

Baptism, so as to deeply taste the sublime and hard-to-find love.

Although this ending is dignified, the first generation of young people who read steel

Readers are still lucky to find a romantic blueprint that can be used now. he

Of course, students can't forget such a good book that brings great enlightenment to their own life development.

book ...

A new journey has begun, and the rebellious side is a new child. You haven't seen him.

The joy on the children's faces? This is a text that is allowed to be read.

Unexpected pleasure, because they are young and have enough heat.

Love yourself and celebrate yourself. Of course, you may smile and say, "There will always be."

One day ... "

Yes, it is the end of time, only the mainstream and rebellion, and they have been so peaceful.

Continue to travel.

How Steel was Tempered is not the work of Nicholas Ostroff.

Autobiographical novel, but many plots in the work are based on himself.

Physical experience. The author is as young as Pavel Colta King, the protagonist in the novel.

I dropped out of school in 2000, worked as an apprentice and engaged in socialist construction. This is very difficult.

Under the condition of railway, I worked as a cadre of * * * Youth League Committee, and finally became blind and ruined.

Paralyzed However, ostrovsky was not reconciled to his situation.

I started writing, overcame unimaginable difficulties, and finally created and published Steel is.

How it was tempered is a masterpiece that shocked the world. How is steel tempered?

The first and second parts were published in 1932 and 1934 respectively.

This novel reproduces the first generation of Soviet youth after the October Revolution.

Consolidate the Soviet regime, restore the national economy, and cooperate with enemies at home and abroad.

The process of tenacious struggle against this difficulty. The author has successfully created a novel.

Bao, a proletarian revolutionary fighter who grew up in the struggle of wind and rain

The image of Er Kochakin. The novel is based on an ordinary worker Pavel Kochakin.

The main plot clue of children growing into proletarian revolutionary heroes depicts Russia.

Since World War I, China has experienced the October Revolution, civil war and economy.

The vast historical picture of the restoration period, this masterpiece is full of ups and downs and full of vitality.

People's storyline praises the noble sentiment and tenacious perseverance of master Paul, from

And educated hundreds of millions of young readers around the world.