1, regional economy 2, regional planning 3, cultural environment 4, consumption fashion 5, popularity and image characteristics The traditional location models of commercial outlets mainly include retail gravity theory, central place theory and saturation index theory. With the development of commercial economy, it is of great significance for the development of modern commerce to obtain the information of the present situation and layout factors of commercial outlets in a timely, accurate and dynamic manner, and to scientifically analyze and evaluate the factors affecting the development of commercial outlets. Reasonable analysis of various factors of commercial network location is the basis of commercial network location research, and the effect of comprehensive analysis of related influencing factors greatly affects the accuracy of location layout. . However, most of the traditional retail outlets location models are static models based on statistics. From the perspective of economics and geography, this paper makes qualitative and quantitative analysis of the related factors affecting the location of retail outlets, and establishes relevant mathematical analysis models to achieve the purpose of location of retail outlets. Abstract mathematical models are often divorced from reality, and it is difficult to comprehensively consider complex and abstract site selection factors. The process of site selection lacks the dynamic and intuitive interactive process between the computer and the decision-maker, so it is impossible to comprehensively analyze multiple related factors effectively. Therefore, the timeliness, accuracy, reliability and spatiality of comprehensive analysis of related influencing factors are greatly limited. In recent years, the development and wide application of GIS technology and its related technologies (such as remote sensing and global positioning system) provide new ideas and methods for the development of modern commerce and the location of retail commercial outlets. Many factors such as natural environment, business environment and infrastructure conditions need to be considered in the location of commercial outlets, among which population and traffic conditions are the decisive factors. The purpose of urban commercial activities is to pursue profits, which is the economic principle of the location and layout of retail commercial outlets. Customers are an indispensable part of commercial activities, and economic principles make commercial facilities tend to be customers' consumption centers. The distribution of commercial outlets is closely related to the population distribution pattern. A certain scale or density of population is a necessary condition for the layout of commercial outlets, and the formed commercial outlets will in turn attract population. Urban traffic has a certain restrictive effect on the distribution of urban population, and it is the carrier of contact between customers and commercial outlets, so it is closely related to the distribution of commercial outlets. The location and layout of retail commercial outlets involves not only the location of outlets, but also the cost and reasonable scale of commercial outlets, which is a complex system optimization problem. The spatial scale essence and spatial characteristics of business are the basis of the integration of GIS technology and modern business. The application of GIS technology in business has fundamentally changed the management mode and analysis mode of traditional business, and has broad application prospects.