1. Improve logical thinking ability: Mathematical thinking problems require children to use logical thinking to solve problems, which helps to improve children's logical thinking ability.

2. Cultivate the ability to solve problems: By solving mathematical thinking problems, let children learn how to analyze problems, find out the key points of problems, and find solutions to problems.

3. Enhance self-confidence: When a child successfully solves a mathematical thinking problem, he will feel that his ability has been improved, thus enhancing his self-confidence.

4. Improve interest in learning: Mathematical thinking problems are usually interesting and challenging, which can stimulate children's interest in learning and make them more willing to invest in mathematics learning.

5. Cultivate good study habits: By doing math problems often, children can develop good study habits and improve learning efficiency.

Disadvantages:

1. Over-reliance on calculators: If children rely too much on calculators to solve mathematical thinking problems, they may not be able to think independently when they encounter complex problems, thus affecting their mathematical learning ability.

2. Ignoring basic knowledge: Some mathematical thinking problems may involve difficult knowledge points. If children only pay attention to these problems and ignore the learning of basic knowledge, it may lead to the phenomenon of "knowing what they know but not knowing why" in the learning process.

3. Excessive pursuit of achievement: In a highly competitive learning environment, some children may be too eager to get good grades in mathematical thinking, which will lead to their anxiety in the learning process and affect the learning effect.

4. Lack of practical application: Mathematical thinking problems are usually abstract, which may lead to children's lack of practical application opportunities in the learning process, thus affecting their understanding and application ability of mathematical knowledge.