Ancient civilization refers to the historical era before the existence of written records. In ancient China, it generally refers to the era before the summer. According to the research results of the "Chinese Civilization Sourcing Project", China had a national form 5000 years ago, which is consistent with the legendary scenes of all countries in the world. This period is called ancient times.

The emperors in ancient legends in China are: Yandi, Huangdi, Shao Hao (Xuanzang), Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Dizhi, Yaoshun.

At present, there is no concept of "Gu Xia" in the history circle. There are two opinions about the division between ancient times and medieval times: one is based on the General History of China, which is the highest historical authority at present, and the division between ancient times and medieval times is based on the Qin Dynasty, that is, the history before Qin Dynasty is ancient history.

The Middle Ages was before the Qing Dynasty 1840, until the Qin Dynasty. The second argument is to adopt European historical theory. The ancient history of the world is the history of the occurrence, development and decline of the primitive society and slavery society in the world. The decline of slavery in Europe was marked by AD 476. Therefore, the second view is that before 476 AD, it was ancient history, and then it was medieval history.

Because there are still great differences in the division between ancient China and the Middle Ages, mainly the division between slavery and feudalism, that is, the division of the ancient history of China is still inconclusive. So, let's take the general history of China as the standard for the time being.

The exact date recorded in China's ancient books can only be traced back to the beginning of Historical Records and Sima Qian's Chronicle of Twelve Governors-the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the first year (84 BC1). 1989 Editor-in-Chief Bai Shouyi

The publication of A General History of China avoided the problem of the division of ancient history, and replaced it with "ancient" and "medieval" with time significance. Bai Shouyi said in the inscription: "From the historical development order, this is roughly equivalent to the era of slavery mentioned in general historical writings. But in this era, slavery is not the only social form. We may call it' ancient' more appropriately.

Simply summarized as: ancient times: five emperors in ancient times: Xia and Shang Dynasties, Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: Qin and Han Dynasties to Qing Dynasty.

Extended data:

The origin of Chinese civilization can be traced back to the epoch-making Pangu, and the narration of Pangu myth can be found in the narratives of three five-year calendar years, five-year calendar years and different events. Archaeological findings show that China's agriculture came into being more than 10,000 years ago, and it is one of the earliest countries in the world to enter the agricultural civilization.

In eastern countries, the objective environment often urges rulers to organize large-scale labor, such as controlling river disasters, repairing tombs, and collective labor in mines. In Europe, slave labor is widely used in various departments. Besides agriculture and handicraft production, slaves are widely used in families. Metal tools have been widely used in agriculture and handicraft production, and the production technology is constantly updated. Developed agriculture has also appeared in some countries and regions.

In terms of culture, the eastern countries have made brilliant achievements in astronomy, calendar, mathematics, architecture, philosophy, literature and art, etc. Wan, a famous historian in the Ming Dynasty, invented the official branch when determining the emperor's family background according to the records of ancient documents in China, which is recorded in detail in his book Three Meetings.

This invention of the emperor system has far-reaching influence, and it has been used in calendar, arithmetic, calculation, naming and so on in later generations. In the later inheritance, the name of the stem and branch was simplified to one word in the era of the Yellow Emperor, and there were comparative records in Shiji and Erya, but the versions of Shiji and Erya were different. ?

The ancient society was a society in which human civilization was initially established and developed rapidly, which had a far-reaching impact on the further development of politics, economy, ideology and culture of various countries.

In the history of civilization of ancient countries in the world, the invention of characters is regarded as one of the most important symbols of civilization. In ancient times, the emperors' families in our country had invented the characters of "Ganzhi" and "Ganzhi". The ten characters of "Ganzhi" were Fengfeng, Meng Meng, Ruanji, Qiangyi, Zhu Yong, Tu Wei, Zhang Shang, Chongguang, Xuannuo and Zhaoyang.

Twelve branches said: sleepy, red heart, taking photos, single-handedly, Xu Bao, Yeluo, Dunyi, Qitan, Dayuanxian. Hieroglyphs in ancient Egypt and cuneiform characters in two river basins. The invention of phonetic alphabet is the characteristic of western characters, and China's Chinese characters are the characteristics of hieroglyphics.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-ancient times