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Mathematical god, the inverse operation of derivative, why is the circled part in the form of changing the upper limit? urgent
You have to think the other way around,

The derivative of that term is φ(x), so it must not be constant (if it is not a variable upper limit). Generally, it is better to use another variable, such as the integral of φ(t) from 0 to x, but what is actually needed is an original function of φ(x).