First, probably find a way.
? 1 Thinking about structural force is a good tool: Li Zhongqiu said at the beginning of Seeing the World through Structure that it is easier to grasp the essence through structure, and seeing the world through structure makes us different. So what is the structure? Generally speaking, structure is order. If you know something, you should know the order of its internal components. For example, human protein macromolecules are composed of 20 basic amino acids in different sequences, and different sequences form different protein molecules. For example, in the story of horse racing in Tian Ji, different appearances of the upper, middle and lower horses will produce different results. The structure has changed and the essence has changed, so understanding things begins with analyzing the structure.
In short, what I want to say is whether I can establish a thinking framework for my "thinking presentation" first. Li Zhongqiu introduced two ways to answer questions in his book. One is the ability to decompose from the target along different paths and explore the answer. The structure is the above synthesis; The other is the ability to aggregate all kinds of information and draw a correct conclusion or the best solution. The structure is bottom-up. This is the overall answer, followed by a hierarchical structure, such as what to do, why to do it, and how to do it. With this idea, I observed many teachers' answers and found that my thinking was particularly clear.
How to think is a very big topic. Today, I'm going to solve the simplest question first-how to answer the question "What do you think of this question", which is the most common problem I encountered in my last column. For example, the following two examples:
Example 1? Someone asked, regarding the fixed investment fund, is it suitable for fixed investment now?
Miss Shark Wang: The formulation of your question itself shows that you don't know what a fixed investment is. Fixed investment is a time dispersion strategy. The reason why this strategy is adopted is to give up timing, and to spread the risks with cross-time diversification, so as not to concentrate on buying in buy buy. Therefore, no matter what you want to invest, it can be cyclical and long-term rising, but it can't be long-term falling, let alone zero.
Oil is circular? Long-term rise? Long-term decline Still want to return to zero? This question is not funny. Generally speaking, in the past decade or so, the mainstream view of oil is that it is cyclical at first, and then it is thought that it will rise for a long time because of the demand in China. In recent years, because of the rise of new energy, it is thought that it will fall for a long time. As for whether it is in fact, you have to judge for yourself.
Finally, although you say that oil is actively invested, you can't just look at the name of the fund. You must find out what the fund actually invested. Is the fund directly linked to oil prices, or does it invest in stocks of upstream oil companies, or in downstream refineries? There is a big difference. Maybe you want to throw flour, but in fact you throw bread. This kind of tragedy must be avoided. I think the simpler the better. (The above questions are selected from the column asked by Wang Shuo University).
This is an answer to the next typical structure of the above system, which is concise and to the point. First, analyze the target problem, first say what a fixed investment is, what are its characteristics (what is it), then introduce the cyclical characteristics of a fixed investment in oil, which can be said to take care of every keyword, and finally tell you the conclusion that "the fixed investment is not timely, pay attention to the trend and fund objectives", and go straight to the essence.
Example 2 When Wu Jun answered, what was the New Year's goal of 20 17?
Target 1. Complete the English and Korean versions of "Beauty of Mathematics" and the second edition of "Road to University".
Key result 1. 1 Find the publisher of English version;
Key Result 1.2 Find a suitable English collaborator and modify the English version of the book;
The key achievement is 1.3 to complete the writing of English version;
The key result is 1.4, which will be released at the end of the year;
The key result 1.5 will be published by the end of the year in cooperation with Korean publishers;
Key achievement 1.6 Completed the second edition of Road to University, supplemented the content of public education, added a chapter about Berkeley, added the content about university application, and changed some photos. Finish the revision at the end of April and strive for an interview before September.
..... (The above excerpt is from the column of Letter from Wu Jun Silicon Valley)
This question is a typical bottom-up summary. To be sure, at the beginning, there was a lot of information, so we need to classify it first, then summarize the central idea, and then sort it out from top to bottom. Accurately speaking, this bottom-up process is more reflected outside the paper. In fact, these two methods are often used together. I spent a lot of time looking for a single method, and I found that there are many methods mixed together.
Generally speaking, the first step is to determine the theme, the second step is to think as much as possible on the basis of the divergence of the theme, and the third step is to aggregate and condense ideas into useful results.
In addition, some of my ways of thinking often lead to some wrong conclusions that completely violate the essence of the problem. Because of the inherent mental model, or focus on the part and forget the whole; Or some information is in line with my heart or expectation, and I will take it as the main basis; Or I have a tendency of "primitive credulity". Li Zhongqiu thinks that using structural thinking can serve these shortcomings, and it is easier to grasp the key of the problem (quickly grasping the main contradiction), but the problem is quite different. To truly understand the advantages and disadvantages of a certain method, we need to keep learning and thinking.
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Second, find a way to solve the anxiety of "lack of information in my mind"
1? In the process of writing this article, I found a problem: I am not familiar with economics, sociology and other fields, and it is even more difficult for me to find the essence of the problem, which requires deep professional knowledge. On the contrary, I am more at ease about natural science. In other words, my anxiety is different. Therefore, professionalism is very important.
In modern society, a person's "general education" course must have economics and sociology, so sometimes we will inevitably fall into the expectation of "I must learn quickly", but we often ignore the concept of professionalism. As the saying goes, it takes time to reach the professional level of a subject step by step. With this in mind, you will feel less anxious.
Secondly, a lot of so-called professional knowledge also needs a lot of "non-professional" common sense to assist. For example, when Mr. He Fan introduced how to read, he said that it is best for you to understand the social background and the basic knowledge of the times when reading a book. For example, when he shared how to think independently, he gave an example, "How to read Marx". Many people simply don't understand the basic features of19th century, such as how many people, how many prices, how many countries, how developed each country is, how many poor people, how many people are educated, how many middle classes there are, and the conflicts of the times. These are all things around Marx, but we don't. Therefore, reading through a book and carefully reading a book and its surroundings may also be a way to reduce anxiety. It is best to write relevant articles or notes at the same time to internalize anxiety into knowledge.
2? It is our lack of knowledge, not our self-righteous "learning a lot". The articles shared by Pawn in Zhihu also opened my eyes. He said, "Why do you lack independent thinking? Because you don't have enough knowledge. The knowledge set of neurons in your brain is not dense enough. You can't use these knowledge points to collide with the knowledge system at will, so most knowledge points are scattered outside the system and become "useless" knowledge. What you have to do is to continue to learn knowledge and increase the amount of information you accept by several orders of magnitude as soon as possible. At that time, whether you think independently or build an ideological system, it will no longer be a problem for you. " That would be great. This passage, like a stroke of genius, lit up my dying thoughts. Sufficient knowledge is the starting point of a great ideological system. We think we have learned a lot of knowledge (many WeChat writers also inadvertently emphasize this misconception), but in fact it is far from the so-called "knowledge surplus" stage. In this respect, I think thinking is action rather than meditation.
A new knowledge system can establish or brew new things. If we put loose and unconnected knowledge into a closely connected knowledge network, they may not be simple and isolated. At the beginning of the article, your problem may be somewhere in this system, and you can grow at will. But only if you really have enough knowledge. In his book Logical Thinking, psychologist Richard Nisbet made a list, pointing out which fields must be absorbed in order to build a knowledge system: logical laws, statistical laws, scientific methodology, economics, He Fan added, as well as psychology, evolution, history and literature. It seems that what we want to learn is not irregular. ?
In fact, today's problem is a big one. It is impossible to solve the defects in my thinking structure through an article, but through such thinking, I can at least greatly reduce my anxiety. First of all, we must face the reality. For example, it is normal for a medical student to answer Mr. Xue Zhaofeng's economic questions, so normality is the most important thing. Secondly, you can gradually accumulate your favorite fields, broaden your horizons and improve your knowledge density through learning, and finally gradually correct your thinking deviation, develop the habit of optimizing your thinking structure, and finally establish a flourishing tree of wisdom.