Gauss Theorem of Vacuum Electrostatic Field: ∮EdS=(∑Q)/ε0

Gauss theorem of steady magnetic field: ∮BdS=0

The difference between these two conclusions reveals the difference between electrostatic field and magnetic field:

Electrostatic field is an active field, and its electric field lines will not be closed, so the flux to the closed surface is not necessarily zero; The steady magnetic field is a passive field, and its magnetic lines are closed. As many magnetic lines of force pass through the surface, so the flux of magnetic field to a closed surface is always zero. In more professional field theory terms, it is: electrostatic field is an active field, and its divergence is generally not 0; The steady magnetic field is a passive field with constant divergence of 0.

Loop theorem of electrostatic field: ∮Edl=0(l is the lowercase letter of L, not the number 1)

Ampere loop law of steady magnetic field: ∮Bdl=(∑I)/μ0 (∑ followed by capital letter I).

These two different conclusions reflect another difference between electrostatic field and magnetic field:

The electrostatic field is irrotational, that is, its curl is always 0, so the integral result of the electrostatic field to the loop is 0;

The steady magnetic field has a spin field, and the curl is generally not zero, so the integral of the magnetic field to the loop is generally not equal to zero.

(They are all written by myself, I hope you are satisfied ~ ~)