The story of mathematical culture in ancient and modern China and foreign countries Part I: Gauss, a great mathematician with genius.
Speaking of the most famous genius among mathematicians, it must be Gauss.
The most popular story about gauss is "5050". The teacher originally wanted to quiet the class with a difficult problem, but it took little Gauss only a minute or two to tell the answer. He added 1, 2 and 3 to 100, 99 and 98 respectively, and got 50 10 1. Finally, he easily calculated that the sum of 1 to 100 was 5050.
Do you know that?/You know what? Do you know that?/You know what? Little Gauss learned to calculate when he was three years old. One day, he watched his father calculate the wages of servants. When his father finally quoted the total amount for a long time, a small voice came from around him, "Dad! Wrong calculation, it should be like this. " Father calculated it again in surprise, and it was really wrong. Although no one taught him, little Gauss learned to calculate by his own observation.
Little gauss's family is very poor. In winter, his father always lets him go to bed early to save fuel. But Gauss likes reading very much and always carries a radish (like a radish seedling). He hollowed out the center, stuffed it into a cotton roll as a wick, lit a book with grease and got into bed until he was tired.
Gauss made rapid progress, and soon the teacher had nothing to teach him. Later, Gauss entered an institution of higher learning, but the math teacher read his homework and told him that he didn't have to take math classes in the future.
It is worth mentioning that Gauss is not only good at math, but also good at Chinese. /kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, he was very worried about whether to continue studying classical literature or mathematics in the future. At this time, he solved a problem that puzzled mathematicians for more than 2000 years, "A ruler is a regular heptagon", so he decided to continue studying mathematics.
There is a good metaphor. If we imagine mathematicians in the18th century as a series of high mountains, the last awe-inspiring peak is Gauss; If mathematicians in the19th century are imagined as rivers, then their source is Gauss.
People have always attributed Gauss's success to his "genius", but he himself said, "If others think deeply and continuously about mathematical truth like me, they will make the same discovery."
The Second Story of Mathematical Culture in Ancient and Modern China and Abroad: Mathematicians in maginot line
Vincent. Doblin, a young French soldier, died heroically in World War II, but he was praised as a mathematical genius. This is because when he served in maginot line, he wrote immortal mathematical manuscripts.
Doblin was born into a Jewish family in Germany. When anti-Semitism swept the Third Reich, he and his family fled from Berlin to France. 1938, at the age of 23, Doblin became the youngest doctor of mathematics in the history of the University of Paris, and soon became the mathematics tutor of his peers in the whole Paris area. At that time, his probability theory research project was considered as the most promising mathematical research project in Europe. He was originally a promising mathematician.
Dobrin went to the front line with his upcoming research papers and theorems, and was stationed in maginot line. In the first few months of the war, his boss chartered him to continue his math research in all his spare time. /kloc-in the summer of 0/940, the German army crushed the resistance of the French army, and Doblin's infantry regiment also faced extinction. When other soldiers retreated, Doblin volunteered to stay with two comrades to resist the coming German army. On June 2 1 day, when the Germans were about to occupy the position, Doblin shot himself, preferring to die rather than be captured, at the age of 25. His younger brother Claude recalled: "Fortunately, Doblin burned all his research papers before the Germans captured the position, so that they did not fall into the hands of the Germans. He can't tolerate the Germans copying his ideas. "
After the war, Doblin's name was soon forgotten. However, half a century after his heroic sacrifice, an official of the French Academy of Sciences happened to find that Doblin carefully preserved his research results as early as February 1940 according to a secret storage rule dating back to Louis XIV. He sealed his manuscript of mathematical theory in an envelope and hid it in the basement of the Academy of Sciences. According to the secret collection rules, envelopes can only be opened with the permission of the author. In case the author dies, it must be opened from the date of collection 100. In this way, Doblin's manuscript will not be published until 2040. But after years of lobbying by academicians of the French Academy of Sciences and mathematicians all over the world, his brother Claude finally agreed to break this stereotype in the summer of 2000.
As a result, the mathematical manuscript written by Doblin during the Ardennes War was rediscovered. This established the young soldier's position as one of the most important figures in modern mathematics and the founder of contemporary probability theory. This caused a sensation in the French intelligentsia. The French Academy of Sciences published a special issue for this purpose, and published Doblin's manuscript in full, "to show respect for genius".
According to Bernard, an outstanding French historian of mathematics? Blue said that Doblin's paper filled the gap left by the mathematical analysis before World War II and the Japanese's progress in probability theory in the 1950s. Doblin's research involves one of the most important fields of applied mathematics. He foresaw the motion law of things that are easily disturbed by irregularities, such as the motion of particles in fluids such as water.
Professor Joel was the first person to see Doblin's manuscript. He said; "I believe Doblin knows that he will be doomed to failure in this war. You will notice that he leaves as little written material as possible. He clearly knows that he is engaged in the most promising mathematical research work of that era, but unfortunately, time is running out, but he has written down his mathematical achievements that have not yet been fully formed. "
Claude said, "My brother and I have lived in the same room for 20 years, and I know his dreams and wishes." Although it took 60 years for him to be recognized by people, it still made me very happy. Doblin is a serious and talented person. He doesn't allow anything to distract him. Even going to the front line can't distract him. Although I know nothing about mathematics, I am always proud of my brother! "As a mathematician, Doblin is undoubtedly a rare genius, but as a soldier, Doblin is just a soldier. Doblin's death is the sorrow of the whole mathematical world! History may say: Mathematician Doblin should not have appeared in maginot line!
The third story of mathematical culture in ancient and modern China and foreign countries: Chen Jingrun, a famous modern mathematician
Chen Jingrun was born in Minhou Town, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. His father, Chen, is a clerk in the post office.
When Chen Jingrun reached school age, his parents found him a primary school near his home and sent him to study. Of all the subjects, he especially likes mathematics. As long as he swims in the ocean of algebra and geometry, he can forget all his troubles.
Chen Jingrun usually doesn't like to talk, but he is diligent and curious. He always takes the initiative to ask the teacher questions or borrow reference books.
One day at noon, after the last class, Chen Jingrun walked out of the classroom and went home for dinner. He took out a teaching book just borrowed from the teacher from his schoolbag and read it while walking. The contents of the book flashed by like a movie, and Chen Jingrun threw himself on the bread like a hungry man, munching spiritual food.
He was absorbed in reading, and unconsciously deviated from the direction and walked to the small trees on the roadside. Only heard a "ouch", he bumped into a tree.
At the beginning of the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Chen Jingrun just entered junior high school, and a math teacher in middle school fundamentally changed Chen Jingrun's life track. This teacher is Mr. Shen Yuan, who used to be the director of Tsinghua University Aviation Department. Once, Mr. Shen Yuan told the students a difficult math problem called Goldbach conjecture, and the students chattered.
Finally, Teacher Shen Yuan added: The queen of natural science is mathematics, the crown of mathematics is number theory, and Goldbach conjecture is the jewel in the crown!
After listening to this sentence, Chen Jingrun was shocked: "Goldbach conjecture, the jewel in the crown of mathematics, can I take this pearl?"
1973 February, Chen Jingrun's paper on (1+2) simplified proof was finally published! "Chen Theorem" immediately caused a sensation in the field of mathematics, and experts gave him a high evaluation.
Tell you gently:
Climbing the peak of science is like climbing Mount Everest. To overcome numerous difficulties and obstacles, it is impossible for cowards and lazy people to enjoy the joy of victory.
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