It's hard to imagine what multidimensional space looks like. Multidimensional space means that different directions have different time and space, that is, the speed of time is different. Time and space can be transformed into each other.
I remember a book saying that people can walk through walls in eight dimensions.
If you are interested, I recommend you to read Einstein's theory of relativity, which will be very good.
On Multidimensional Space
"Dimension" is a measure. On the three-dimensional space coordinates, plus time, time and space are interrelated to form four-dimensional space-time Now scientists think that the whole universe is eleven-dimensional, but human understanding can only be understood in three dimensions. For example, an intelligent creature lives around us, but can only understand two dimensions. Is it in a two-dimensional world? But around them, we clearly feel that it is three-dimensional, and both sides are intelligent creatures. Who is right or wrong!
○ dimension: there are no simple points such as length, width and height, such as singularities.
One dimension has only length.
Two-dimensional plane world, only long and wide.
A three-dimensional world with length, width and height. The three-dimensional world we see with naked eyes is a space where the position of a point is determined by three coordinates. The real space of objective existence is a three-dimensional space with three dimensions: length, width and height. The concept of multidimensional space introduced in mathematics, physics and other disciplines is a scientific abstraction based on three-dimensional space.
The concept of four-dimensional space-time Most of the four-dimensional space mentioned in daily life refers to the concept of four-dimensional space-time mentioned by Albert Einstein in General Relativity and Special Relativity. Our universe is made up of time and space. The relationship between time and space is to add a time axis to the three axes of length, width and height of ordinary three-dimensional space, and this time axis is an imaginary axis. According to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, the three-dimensional space we face in life and time constitutes the so-called four-dimensional space.
One dimension is a line, two dimensions are a surface, three dimensions are a static space, and four dimensions are a dynamic space (because of time).
In physics, we describe the change parameters needed for a change event. This parameter is called size. Several parameters are several dimensions. For example, describing the position of the "door" requires only one angle, so it is one-dimensional rather than two-dimensional.
Simply put, dimension 0 is a point without length, width and height. One dimension is a line composed of countless points, with only length, but no width and height. Two-dimensional is a surface composed of countless lines, with length and width and no height. Three-dimensional is a body composed of countless faces, with length, width and height. Dimension can be understood as direction.
Because the human eye can only see three dimensions, it is difficult to explain anything beyond three dimensions. Just like a person with normal intelligence, born without an eye and an ear (so there is no binocular effect and binaural effect), it is difficult for him to understand the distance, and he probably thinks that the world is two-dimensional.
To put it simply: n dimension is the space formed by n straight lines vertically.
Because human beings can only understand three dimensions, the latter dimensions can be constructed by mathematical theory, but it is difficult to understand them carefully. In quantum mechanics, the membrane theory that is still being established holds that the world is 1 1 dimension.
Why do you need multidimensional space?
Knowing that the space of the universe has more dimensions, and then looking back at how relativity and quantum theory are contradictory, we can easily understand that these two theories cannot be unified in the daily three-dimensional space, and their contradictions are inevitable, and they can only be unified in the high-dimensional space.
To better understand this, we can give an example of a three-dimensional world and a two-dimensional world. Let's assume that some creatures live in a two-dimensional plane world. Their world is only long and wide, and they simply can't understand the third dimension-"height". Therefore, their perception of the three-dimensional world is limited to the projection of three-dimensional objects in the plane world, or the contact surface between three-dimensional objects and the plane world. Imagine how a plane life can imagine the richness and integrity of three-dimensional objects through projection. When a three-dimensional object is in contact with the flat world, the fragmentary fragments of the three-dimensional object in the flat world, such as the four footposts of a table and the two pairs of shoe prints printed by people on the ground, make the flat life even more puzzled-what do these pieces that can't be put together mean? They can't imagine how four unconnected printed materials make up a complete table. How can there be a complete pair of shoes on that intermittent shoe print? Moreover, there is a more complete person on the shoe! Looking at these fragments in two dimensions, you can never piece them together into a whole.
So one day, a resourceful plane life came across a brilliant idea. It declares that there is an "upward" third dimension outside the plane world. If you look up at these fragments, the fragments are actually a complete whole! This is amazing insight, and most plane life is puzzled.
Relativity and quantum theory are very similar to this situation. In our three-dimensional space, they are like two unrelated fragments that can never be put together. But if we lift the space "upward" and turn the universe into a ten dimensional space, seemingly unrelated relativity and quantum theory will be surprisingly seamlessly combined and become two interdependent pillars of a more complete theoretical building! Although we can't imagine and describe a multidimensional space in a three-dimensional space, we can deduce its existence through complex mathematical equations.
How to crack multidimensional space?
In the very early days of the universe, within 10-43 seconds of its birth, its diameter was only 10-33 cm, and it was rich in ten dimensional space, and all the spatial dimensions were equally curled together. In such a space, the energy and temperature of the universe are extremely high, and all four forces are integrated. Relativity and quantum theory can be reduced to one theory.
However, such a high-dimensional, high-energy and high-temperature space is extremely unstable, just like an inflated balloon, so the Big Bang happened. Dimensional dissolution, energy divergence and temperature drop. The infinite extension of three-dimensional space and one-dimensional time gradually forms the universe that we can perceive today; Another six-dimensional space is still curled up in the Planck scale (that is, 10-33 cm).
When the universe is at an extremely high temperature of/10 32K (this temperature is 26 times higher than the sun's temperature10), gravity is separated from other large-scale systems, and gravity continues to extend into a long-range force with the expansion of the universe. With the further expansion and cooling of the universe, the other three forces began to break, and the strong interaction force and weak power were separated.
When the universe was formed after 10-9 seconds, its temperature dropped to 10 15K, and the weak electric power was decomposed into electromagnetic force and weak interaction force. At this temperature, the four forces have separated from each other, and the universe has become a "soup" composed of free quarks, leptons and photons. Later, as the universe cooled further, quarks combined into protons and neutrons. They eventually form nuclei. Three minutes after the creation of the universe, stable nuclei began to form.
When the Big Bang happened 300,000 years later, the earliest atoms came out. When the temperature of the universe drops to 3000K, hydrogen atoms can be formed and will not be broken by collision. At this point, the universe has finally become transparent, and light can travel for several light years without being absorbed.
Today, 6,543.8+000 to 20 billion years after the Big Bang, the universe is surprisingly asymmetrical and fragmented, resulting in amazing differences among the four forces. The initial fireball temperature has now cooled to 3K, which is close to absolute zero.
This is the evolutionary history of the universe. With the gradual cooling of the universe, forces will be released from mutual entanglement and gradually separated. First, the gravitational force explodes, then the strong interaction force, then the weak force, and finally only the electromagnetic force remains unchanged.
Cracks in space
Superstring theory also brings us a more shocking result: our spatial structure is actually discrete, not continuous! In our daily experience, space and time are always infinitely separable, but the facts are completely different. Both space and time have their own minimum values: the minimum dimension of space is 10-33 cm, and the minimum value of time is 10-43 seconds. Because when the space is as small as 10-33 cm, time and space will be integrated, and the spatial dimension will be as high as ten dimensions. In this case, even if space can be divided, it is beyond our understanding at present.
In fact, quantum theory is about discrete quantity, and the word quantum means "a quantity" or "a discrete quantity". As early as 1900, when quantum theory was just born, scientists found that in the tiny particle world, energy was emitted one by one, not continuously. Just like the smallest unit of RMB is "cents", you can only buy one table tennis, but you can't buy half and half. These are examples of the inseparability of things in daily life.
Although scientists already knew the discontinuity of particle energy at that time, they didn't know why there was such discontinuity and had to accept it. But now we all know that this is closely related to the spatial discontinuity. It is precisely because space has the smallest indivisible unit that it will affect the energy emission mode of elementary particles.
Now, we must abandon the old theory that time and space are continuous. On the Planck scale, a chord is a segment, an open chord is a line, and a closed chord is a circle, and each chord carries momentum and energy.
Space has a minimum indivisible value. What will this incredible phenomenon lead to? It is easy for us to think that our macro-spatial structure is composed of the smallest space package, and there is probably a space crack in the middle of this space package that we can't detect! The idea of so-called "wormhole theory" digging holes in space is really feasible in theory, that is, looking for cracks between adjacent space packages, and then blasting the cracks with unimaginable high energy, a wormhole appears! It can be said that the small ten dimensional space bags and the cracks between them exist in every corner of our space. As long as we have enough energy, we can dig a wormhole anywhere.
The great unified universe
Today, we deeply know that all complex phenomena in the vast universe can be traced back to the same source, and the laws discovered by human beings, large and small, can finally be covered by a fundamental law. To understand this, let's take the development of life on earth as an example: we humans of different races can trace back to the same origin, while humans, orangutans and apes can trace back to the same ancestor, and so on. All mammals have the same ancestor, and all animals and plants have the same ancestor. Finally, all life originated from the same cell-there is only one source of life.
The origin of all galaxies in the universe can also be traced back to the same source. All the stars in the solar system originated from the same nebula, all the nebulae originated from the same molecule, and all the molecules evolved from those hundreds of elementary particles. In this way, following the flow of time all the way to the source, we finally came to the beginning of the Big Bang, where space, time and matter are all integrated, and everything comes down to one point.
Starting from the same point, after 1000 billion years, the universe has evolved into a complex and changeable world. But no matter how ever-changing the world is, there is a fundamental law running behind all phenomena, and that is the original law at the beginning of the universe. This law is an all-encompassing law-the so-called "everything is reasonable" is like this.
This theory of "harmony of all things" is superstring theory, which constructs the image of ten dimensional space at the beginning of the universe. With the collapse of ten dimensional space, superstring theory also split into two theories-relativity and quantum theory. Since then, with the increase of material richness, they have split into more theories. Today, we keep going back and forth, and finally draw a unified picture of the universe-a mysterious ten-dimensional universe.