The earliest rainfall record appeared in Shu Shu Jiu Zhang written by Qin, a mathematician in the Southern Song Dynasty. In Qin's Book of Nine Chapters, there are four examples of rain measurement in Tianchi, round poppy, severe snow and bamboo. Among them, the "Tianchi Basin" described in "Measuring Rain in Tianchi" is very close to the rainfall tube used in modern meteorological observation. The method uses "the number of rain on the flat ground" to measure rain, which is the earliest rainfall calculation method in the world. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a place where wind and rain were measured intensively-the Observatory, which not only had meteorological observations, but also astronomical observations.

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Qin extensively collected almanac, mathematics, astrology, temperament, architecture and other materials, and conducted analysis and research. During the period of four to seven years (1244 to 1247), while mourning for his mother, Song Chun edited and sorted out the long-term accumulated mathematical knowledge and research results, wrote the famous book "Nine Chapters of Mathematics" and created "Seeking a Skill". It's called China's remainder theorem. His theory of "pros and cons" is called "Qin scheme". Almost all countries in the world have been exposed to his theorems, laws and problem-solving principles in mathematics courses from primary school to middle school to university.

China Meteorological Bureau-Space Shuttle-Overview of Ancient Meteorological Observation History