1, vertical calculation method of addition: number alignment: number to number, number to number, plus sign moves forward, calculation starts with number, number is added to number, number is written on number, number is added to number, and number is written on number.

2. The vertical calculation method of subtraction: digit alignment, digit to digit, digit to digit, and negative sign moving forward. Calculation starts with numbers, numbers are subtracted, numbers are written on numbers, numbers are subtracted, numbers are written on numbers.

3. Vertical calculation refers to a vertical calculation in the calculation process, which makes the calculation simple. In addition calculation, the same numbers are aligned. If the sum exceeds 10, it will move forward to 1. When subtracting, the same numbers are aligned. If it is not enough, borrow 1 from the last digit as 10.