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Why should the standing long jump result be measured vertically? What is its mathematical principle?
The whole process of long jump can be regarded as a parabola, and the straight line after the parabola f(X) reaches the vertex (highest point) is a decreasing function curve, so the longer this curve is, the farther the distance is.

If it is in a bunker, and the bunker is lower than the ground, then the parabola f(X) enters Y 1=-X 1, and the measuring distance is longer. As shown in the figure