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How did Einstein discover his special relativity and general relativity?
Reading your question reminds me of a book I read as a teenager. The title of this book is The Principle of Relativity. The first two seem to be Einstein's papers. The topic of the paper is very long, mainly discussing the relativity of motion and extending to the relativity of time. Many articles in the middle use popular language to talk about many interesting phenomena caused by the speed of time and light in motion. The last article introduces Einstein's life and how the theory of relativity came into being. In fact, Einstein had thought and studied the relativity of space-time motion when he was in college. After graduating from college, he seems to have finished the first draft of the theory of relativity. At the same time, use it as a stepping stone to job hunting. Obviously, although Einstein was a genius, his theory was impossible in the era when the absolute concept of time and space ruled. There is no way out. Einstein had to hire talents to take a job of accepting patent applications for registration in a very humble department, the Patent Office. Now the media say that he is a clerk, but he is actually a casual temporary worker. In this way, Einstein kept his eyes on the empty hall every day, but his mind was thinking about time and space. Perhaps, great men always meet with noble people to help them when they are in trouble. A famous mathematician has a good eye for pearls. He found the spark of thought in Einstein's paper, but he also found that Einstein's theory, like a pile of very good building materials, did not form a mansion because of the lack of support from mathematical theory. Therefore, the mathematician perfected the mathematical theory test and proof of Einstein's paper, and recommended this paper to a famous scientific magazine. Unfortunately, the mathematician didn't sign it. Maybe Einstein's idea is too strange, or maybe mathematicians don't have the courage to fill in their names. Later, Einstein always got the help of this mathematician when he perfected his theory. After the mathematician died, Einstein put forward many theories, perhaps because there was no help from a new mathematician, or no one understood them, or for other reasons. Before he died, he burned these unpublished theoretical manuscripts. I remember a saying that a great man stands on the shoulders of a giant. Einstein was a great man standing on the shoulders of mathematicians.