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Paper tube mathematical artifact
(1) Because pinhole imaging is formed according to the principle of linear propagation of light, it can be drawn according to the linear propagation characteristics of light, as shown in the following figure 1;

(2) According to the characteristics of pinhole imaging, the gap of the partial eclipse image formed by pinhole is just opposite to the gap of partial eclipse, so option B meets the meaning of the question;

(3)① According to the data in the table, it is not difficult to see that the mathematical expression of the relationship between the height h of the image and the distance s from the image to the hole is h= 12S (or s = 2h) after the position of the candle and the hole are fixed; Then make the corresponding diagram according to the method of drawing points and connecting lines. The answer is shown in Figure 2 above.

(2) As shown in Figure D, after the position of the small hole and the position of the screen are fixed, only the candle AB moves from position A to position B. According to the linear propagation of light, the image of the candle on the screen will become smaller, and the image distance will also become smaller.

(4) The light spot is the image of the sun passing through the holes between leaves. Because the distance (or height) between the leaves and the ground is different, the size of the light spot is also different.

So the answer is: (1) See the above figure; (2)B; (3)① See Figure 2; ? H= 12S (or s = 2h); ? ② smaller; 4) the sun; ? Like; The distance from the leaf gap to the ground (or the height of the leaf gap)