2. Seriously finish in a limited time and standardize writing; Discuss in groups and answer questions.
Learning objective: 1. Understand the life and achievements of Ye Fan and Zhang Heng;
2. Master the common words, cause, elegance, emphasis on expression, mo, disease and yin, sort out the classical Chinese sentence patterns, and understand the specific words about the promotion of officials;
3. Understand Zhang Heng's achievements and contributions in science and technology, and learn from Zhang Heng's valuable spirit.
Learning process:
First, self-study before class
(1) Know the world (10 minute reading) and highlight the key points with a red pen.
1. Introduce Ye Fan.
Ye Fan (398 ~ 445) was a historian of Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. Zong Wei was born in Yangshun (now Xichuan East, Henan Province). According to dozens of historical works written by predecessors about the later Han Dynasty, the Book of the Later Han Dynasty was compiled. This book is rich in content and has reference value for evaluating historical facts. The writing style is concise and vivid, and the discussion part has strong lyrical color and fluent style, which is not only knowledgeable in history, but also highly valuable. Liu Zhiji praised the Book of Were Han? Jane and Zhou, didn't they leak? , Wang Yinglin said? History is like a model. How many people can write the Book of the Later Han Dynasty through the ages? The first four histories? One. ? The first four histories? For Historical Records, History of Han, History of Later Han and History of the Three Kingdoms.
2. Introduce Rolling.
Zhang Heng (78 ~ 139), born in Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province). He was a great scientist, writer, inventor and politician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and built a towering monument in the history of world science and culture.
In seismology, he invented? Seismograph? , is the world's first instrument to measure earthquakes and azimuth, which is 1700 years earlier than Europe.
In astronomy, he invented? The armillary sphere? (A.D. 1 17) is the world's first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water to observe stars.
In literature, he is a brilliant star in the history of China literature. The representative works "Tokyo Fu" and "Xijing Fu", collectively called "Erjing Fu", describe the prosperous scenes of Chang 'an and Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty and satirize the dissolute and shameless parasitic life of bureaucrats and nobles.
In geography, he drew a complete topographic map and developed it? Compass? Wait a minute.
In mathematics, he wrote The Theory of Calculation, and calculated the values of pi between 3. 1466 and 3. 1622. His achievements predate those of Europe 1300 years.
In meteorology, he created? Meteorological instrument? It is an instrument for forecasting wind force and direction, which is earlier than the western hyacinthus orientalis chicken 1000 years;
Mechanically, he succeeded? Solo woodcarving? It is the earliest airplane in the world, and it also makes an activity calendar.
In art, he is the first of the six masters in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Zhang Heng's outstanding contributions in science and technology, literature and art are not only the glory and pride of the Chinese nation, but also the precious wealth left to the whole human history. Zhang Heng deserves to be the dazzling twin of science and literature in the world.
3. Official proper names
Xiaolian: The recommended person with good character.
Government: government departments. Refers to the three official positions. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tai Wei (in charge of military affairs), Situ (in charge of politics) and Sikong (in charge of engineering) were the highest officials at that time.
General: The ratio is three. Deng Zhi is above the Three Fair.
Bus: The official department always leads the recruitment affairs in the world. Set the ride order.
Langzhong: official name. Taishiling: concurrently in charge of astronomy and national history.
Hejian Wang (Liu Zheng) looks like a satrap. King: This is Wang Jian. Kingdom, vassal state.
Shangshu: an official who assisted the emperor in handling government affairs.
(2), self-study discovery (25 minutes)
1. Pinyin the underlined words in the following sentences.
Heng Shaoshan belongs to the article () and digs the official (), which is more than extravagant ().
You shouldn't () beg for bones after five years () and don't move for many years ()
Wei () is arrogant ()
2. Common sense of literature
Migo Hiroyuki
Five Classics and Six Arts
Four histories
3 official languages
Take it down for three years.
Begging for bones in the book is a river phase.
4 comb the meaning and usage of the words in the article, (explain the words in bold)
Zhang Heng, a native of Nanyang. Hengshan Mountain (1600), Sanfu Travel (1600). Because () entered the capital, he observed () imperial academy, so he studied () the Five Classics and infiltrated the Six Arts. Although it is above the world, it is not arrogant (). Often calm () quiet, not easy to make laymen. In Yongyuan, it is not good to raise () filial piety (), or even to establish () government (). When the world is long, since the princes and below, there is no shortage of (). Heng Nai proposed () Ban Gu's "Second Capital" and wrote "Second Capital Fu" because of his satirical admonition (). If you think about it carefully, you will learn (), and ten years will be (). General Deng Zhi's talent (), tired shout () should not be.
Good balance, smart () especially thought about () astronomy, yin and yang, calendar calculation. Andy () heard that () Hengshan Shuxue, the characteristics of the bus worship () doctor, and later moved () to the official rank. So he studied Yin and Yang and made a wonderful instrument (). He wrote Lingxian and On Zhuan Wang, which were very detailed.
Beginning in Shun Di, it was restored to Taishiling. If you don't admire () your present age, the official you live in will not move for several years. It's been five years since I went to the historical post.
In the first year of Yangjia, the seismograph after the wind was rebuilt. . . . . . . Since it is recorded in the book, there is nothing left. After tasting Yi Long's initiative, I didn't know what it meant. Scholars in the capital criticized him for his lack of levy (). A few days later, the post arrived, and there was an earthquake in Longxi. Everyone was convinced. From then on, it was () that made historians remember what to do.
At the beginning of Yonghe, () was a river facies. When the king is arrogant, he doesn't obey the Constitution. Too right (), * * * is not good (translation:). Get off the bus (), rule () with dignity, and make the whole () statutes. Yin () knows the name and surname of the traitor, temporarily accepts the birds (), reveres () from top to bottom, and knows politics (). For three years (), I wrote to beg for bones () and asked my ministers (). In sixty-two, Yonghe died in four years.
Second, autonomous learning, cooperative inquiry learning plan
1 translate sentences
(1) Yong Yuan Zhong, not for filial piety, not even monarch.
(2) General Deng Zhi's talent is too tired to call.
(3) It is impossible to write a book.
(4) Weighing out of the car, ruling majesty, full statutes, knowing the traitor's name and surname, temporarily collecting poultry, and fearing from top to bottom, is called politics.
Explain the polysemy in the following sentences:
(1), view
① Viewing the business () ② Wang Jianchen's column view ()
(3) Grand View of Yueyang Tower () (4) Du Xuan Guanli Peach Thousand Trees () (5) Open the window to see ()
(2) in
(1) wandering in the three auxiliary () (2) Although only higher than the world () (3) Especially thinking about the calculation of astronomical calendar ()
(3), because
(1) He realized this because he entered the capital () (2) because of irony and exhortation ().
(3) It is best to meet it ()
(4), yes
(1) Ten years is successful () (2) Therefore, it is the study of Yin and Yang () (3) Today, its wisdom is beyond reach ().
3. Changes in official words.
The first category: words expressing the granting of official positions.
The second category: words expressing promotion and wealth.
The third category: words indicating demotion and recall.
The fourth category: words expressing part-time jobs and agency.
What is Zhang Heng's noble character? Let's talk about it in context. what do you think? Above the world? Calm down. calm down? Where is it reflected?
Self-test (5 minutes)
1. In the following groups of words, the phonetic notation error is ()
A. Genus (zh incarnation) left front (P? Ng) Zheng Yidi (b? )
B. excessive (y? ) Deng Wei (zh? ) Do not migrate (xǐ)
C. Living alone (dōu) Joint contract (Q? ) Longxi
D. bones (h? I) fear? ) collect birds (q? n)
2. In the following sentences, the explanation of the added words is incorrect ().
A. it is not easy to hand over laity. Handover: communicate with others. B. Even if the government is established, it should be established: conscription.
C. Don't move for years: transfer official position D. Treat bones for three years: see you.
3. with what? General Deng Yiqi's talent? Medium? Strange? The same usage is ()
A.it makes his followers wear brown clothes. I must do something for my brother.
C. and mediocre people will be ashamed. Ting, I'd rather take Qin's songs to deny it.
4. The following statement is true ()
A.？ Five classics? Medium? Five classics? Refers to: poetry, books, rituals, changes, Zuo Zhuan.
B.？ What about off? Medium? Six arts? Refers to: ceremony, music, shooting, restraint, writing and counting.
C.？ Worship, move, turn, migrate? All refer to official transfer.
D. The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Historical Records, History of the Han Dynasty and Old Tang Shi are called? Four histories? .
5. The meanings of the words added in the following sentences are basically the same as those in modern Chinese: ()
A. it is impossible to raise filial piety. B. when the king is arrogant, C. the taste is calm and calm. D. get off the bus and rule majesty
6. From the perspective of sentence structure, what is different from the other three sentences is ()
A. (constant) You Zhisi thinks about astronomy, yin and yang, and strength calculation. It is decorated with seal characters in the shape of turtles, birds and beasts.
C. nothing. D. Longxi earthquake
7. The following cultural common sense is wrong ()
A. Sanfu: Three areas near Chang 'an in Han Dynasty, belonging to Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng.
B Filial piety: Local officials in the Han Dynasty recommended people with good conduct to the Central Committee for official positions, and the recommended people were called filial piety.
C. In Ban Gu's Two Capitals? Both? It refers to Chang 'an and Luoyang, as well as Zhang Heng's "Erjing Fu"? Erjing? It's not.
D. Begging for bones: Why did the minister resign when he was old? Begging for bones? It means to ask to send your body back to your hometown.
8. The words added in the following sentences have the same meaning as ().
A. Although it is only superior to the rest of the world, especially thinking about the calculation of astronomical yin and yang calendars.
B. test with pure copper casting.
C. the characteristics of the bus were criticized by scholars in the capital of Langzhong.
D. Everyone who looks at imperial academy knows that he has entered the capital.
Task:
Read the full text twice and summarize the knowledge points of classical Chinese (that is, make an efficient study plan).