The basic method of examining questions is reading. It is not good to "read it once", and it is a rule to "read it once and do it once, and it is wrong to do it once". I want to read it three times. As soon as you read it, you will know the outline of the topic and make it clear what it is; Second reading, a little thinking, to understand the conditions and problems of the topic; The third reading is an in-depth analysis and thinking about ways to solve problems. In addition, in the process of reading, we should start writing, draw circles while reading, and draw important, known, unknown and confusing places with various symbols, so as to take a solid step for solving problems correctly. For example, use "-"to mark the key problems in the application of teaching scores, correctly judge the number of units "1", use "=" to mark them, and so on. Another example is the reading of calculation questions. To see the consistency of calculation clearly, analyze the calculation data to see if there is a simple method, then determine the operation order and start calculation. In short, the examination of questions is the key to solving problems correctly. Students must be educated to be willing to work hard on the examination of questions and form a habit.
3. Draw first, then analyze.
Solve simple application problems, and use the above-mentioned problem-solving methods that focus on reading and combine reading with thinking, and you will soon find a problem-solving method and solve the problem. However, it is not enough to analyze the complex and difficult application problems of arts and sciences by reading alone. At this point, we must make a schematic diagram according to the meaning of the question on the basis of the initial reading, and then grasp the schematic diagram for reasoning and analysis.
"Draw first, then analyze" has two characteristics and advantages. (1) schematic diagram reflects the content, conditions and problems of the topic on the diagram, which is concise, clear, vivid and vivid, and has the characteristics of semi-intuition and semi-abstraction, which is conducive to highlighting key points and breaking through difficulties. With the help of schematic diagram analysis, visual thinking and abstract thinking can work together, so as to play the role of "whole brain" and solve problems quickly. Because of this, solving some slightly difficult or major problems seems to be "no way to solve doubts" at first glance. After making a schematic analysis, it immediately presents a new pattern of "bright future and bright village".
For example, solve an application problem: "A train travels at a constant speed from Station A to bilibili. After driving for 7 hours, it is 598.4 kilometers from bilibili, 10 hour, and 38,204 kilometers from bilibili ... How many kilometers does this train travel every hour? " This is a slightly complicated application problem of arts and sciences. Pupils often regard 598.4 kilometers as 7 hours' journey and 382.4 kilometers as 10 hour's journey. But as long as you make a schematic diagram according to the meaning of the topic, the quantitative relationship of the topic will be clear at a glance, that is, (10-7) hours driving (598.4-382.4) kilometers. It is easy to calculate according to this formula. Therefore, when solving some difficult problems, we must cultivate students' working habit of "drawing first, then analyzing".
4. Calculate first, then check.
Mathematical calculation is a kind of mental work. Whether the calculation is correct or not directly affects the quality of homework. Mathematical homework, except sky questions, judgment questions and reasoning questions, generally requires mathematical calculation. Therefore, improving the correctness of calculation is the central task of mathematics teaching.
At present, due to the lack of mathematical knowledge and the influence of thinking methods and formulas, students often make mistakes in mathematical calculation, and the error rate is relatively high. In this case, in addition to strengthening the teaching of calculation, we should pay special attention to the guidance of checking calculation and cultivate students' habit of "calculating first and checking later"
There are three main points in checking calculation. (1) Pay attention to it ideologically and cultivate the idea of checking calculation. (2) When checking, first check whether there are mistakes in copying topics and writing numbers, and then recalculate or convert them on this basis. (3) The calculation of application problems should first be estimated, that is, whether the result of the operation is consistent with the meaning of the problem and whether it is consistent with the reality. If it is not consistent, it is necessary to start with the examination of the problem and the analysis of the quantitative relationship. In short, we should also develop the habit of "counting before checking".
5. Do the problem first, then think.
In daily homework, students usually think that everything is normal and can hand in their papers. In fact, "solving problems" is only half of the task, and half of the task is "thinking about problems". "Do the problem first, then think" is a requirement to improve the ability to solve problems, and it should also be a habit.
After completing the problem, "thinking about the problem" has three functions: first, thinking about whether the solution is correct plays a role in testing; The second is to think about the characteristics, scope of application and law of solving problems, and to raise the experience and understanding of solving problems to a rational level to guide future problem-solving activities; The third is to think about whether there is a better solution, so as to broaden the thinking of solving problems and improve the ability to solve problems flexibly. Homework habit is a kind of "dynamic stereotype" formed in long-term homework practice, which has the automaticity and standardization of students' behavior in the process of homework. Cultivating students' good math homework habits can not only effectively improve the correctness and agility of students' homework, but also lay a good quality foundation for students to solve various practical problems on the road of life.
The content of cultivating students' good homework habits is quite extensive. In addition to requiring accuracy, neatness, seriousness and timeliness, we should mainly pay attention to the cultivation of "six first and six later" work habits.
Review first and then do your homework.
Homework is an exercise for students to use what they have learned to solve practical problems. The efficiency of students' homework depends largely on their understanding and mastery of new knowledge. Generally speaking, the more students understand the process of knowledge generation and formation, the more they grasp the connotation and extension of new knowledge, and the more they understand the relationship and connection between knowledge, then the benefit of homework is bound to be high and good. Therefore, before the start of homework practice, we should educate and guide students to "review before doing homework" and form a habit. That is, before you start to write your homework, review the new knowledge system you learned that day, find out the difficulties, doubts and the reasons why all kinds of knowledge points are easy to make mistakes, so that you can really understand, remember and master it, and then start to write your homework, which can get twice the result with half the effort. Some students, especially primary school students, attach great importance to learning tasks. After learning new knowledge, they often do their homework without reviewing and consolidating, so the efficiency and effect of homework can be imagined while looking up formulas and examples.
2. Examine the questions first, and then solve the problems.
Examining questions is the premise of solving problems. Only by carefully examining the questions can we solve the problems correctly. If you start to solve the problem without knowing the meaning of the problem, it will naturally be "very close". Primary school students take tasks very seriously. In order to catch up with the time, they often get the problem and start to solve it when their eyes slip away. Either the question is wrong or the condition is missing. This is a very bad problem, which needs teachers to strengthen education, strictly supervise and resolutely overcome.