The so-called abacus mental arithmetic is abacus mental arithmetic. Abacus calculation is a calculation method that uses abacus as a tool to perform operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root. There are certain rules and formulas in the skill of transporting beads. When the user can skillfully operate the abacus, he can not only get the correct answer quickly, but also describe the disk type, grade and floating change of the abacus in his mind through the growth of brain cells. This vivid abacus image is called "virtual disk". It completes abacus calculation in the brain through the process of perception, image and memory, which is what we call abacus mental calculation.
The Essentials of Abacus Calculation by Yu Zhi Ji Zhe and Shi Qiao Meiji 19 13 is a book of abacus calculation, but the description of abacus calculation in it is not discussed as a special chapter, but only mentioned by the way. It was not until the publication of Professor's Original Theory of Abacus Calculus 1932 that there was a special article on the basis of Abacus Calculus. (In Japan, abacus mental arithmetic is called the backstabbing based on abacus.)
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Abacus mental arithmetic is an activity to calculate numbers through thinking and get results. It is a calculation in the brain by using the abacus representation as the carrier and the abacus rules. Since humans began to have the concepts of numbers and numbers, and can calculate the simplest numbers, there has been mental arithmetic. In order to assist mental arithmetic, the calculation tool of "taking things near and taking things far" appeared, and stones, branches and so on are also the most primitive calculation tools for taking things far. Then, the calculation tools and corresponding algorithms such as calculation, abacus calculation, pen calculation and computer calculation were invented.
In the process of abacus mental arithmetic teaching, abacus is the foundation. Through the operation of true abacus, let learners know the changes and methods of the four operations. With the proficiency of skills, the image in the learner's mind is gradually established, and the function of mental arithmetic is generated through the simulation operation of the image (virtual disk), so the mind is regarded as the advanced performance of abacus calculation. Abacus and mental arithmetic are like human feet, and you can't choose to walk alone.
In mental arithmetic, symbols are input and symbols are output. This process is actually a comprehensive process of observation, attention, memory and thinking, and it is also the result of the synergistic effect of sensory and motor organs such as mouth, eyes and hands. Both abacus mental arithmetic and mathematics adopt decimal calculation method, and abacus mental arithmetic only adds a "five-liter system" that plays a regulating role.
The operation is based on addition and subtraction within 20, multiplication and division in the table, and some laws and properties in the four operations are applicable. The process of mental abacus calculation is completed through the comprehensive application of logical thinking, image thinking and inspiration thinking, which can effectively promote the development of the overall function of the brain.