1 how to improve students' mathematical oral calculation ability
First, we should talk about liquidation.
The method of oral calculation is summarized from practical operation. To do oral calculation correctly and quickly, we should not only master oral calculation methods, but also understand arithmetic and thinking. For example, if we calculate 453-97, we can tell students that because the subtrahend 97 is close to 100, we can subtract 100 from 453 to get the difference of 353, and then add 3 to get the actual difference of 356. After reduction and supplement, the prevarication of verbal thinking can be reduced. Another example is the calculation of 125×4×25×8, which can explain the principle of liquidation to students: according to the law of multiplication and exchange and the law of association, multiply 125 and 8 to make 1000, and then multiply 25 and 4 to make 100. In this way, every question can be cleared up and explained, which can improve students' computing ability and language expression ability.
2. Need special training.
Before taking a new class, you can stick to basic oral arithmetic training for about 5 minutes. Students are required to choose the algorithm reasonably and calculate the result correctly in a short time. This kind of training should be targeted, planned and arranged specifically. For example, the oral calculation of "integer addition and subtraction" can be arranged within 100 for training, first practice the whole hundred, then practice the carry, and so on; When talking about "the factor is the multiplication of two or three digits", we can arrange the oral calculation content of the mixed operation of multiplication and addition, so that students can use the associative law and distributive law of multiplication to solve problems. As long as you prepare carefully, it will take a lot of time at first, but insisting on practicing every day and openly will definitely improve students' computing ability.
Third, we should constantly stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning.
When doing oral arithmetic training, we should not only pay attention to the flexibility and variety of practice forms, but also pay attention to the quantity and quality of topics to avoid causing students' boredom, and at the same time pay attention to the close connection with life or with students' reality, so as to effectively stimulate students' interest in learning.
2. Improve students' oral expression ability
First, explaining reasoning and attaching importance to the process of oral calculation are the basis for improving students' oral calculation ability.
Oral calculation is a kind of calculation method that directly calculates the result through thinking and expresses the calculation process without using any calculation tools. In mathematical oral calculation, we should pay attention to guiding students to understand the calculation principle and learn the basic methods of oral calculation step by step. For example, when I teach addition and subtraction within 10, the key point is to understand the meaning of numbers. Through the demonstration of visual teaching AIDS, the actual operation of students is that students understand and master the composition of numbers, so that they can directly use the composition of numbers for oral calculation. When teaching the addition of 6, I first guide students to review the composition of "6", so that students can understand that 1 and 5, 2 and 4, 3 and 3 all make up 6. Through hands-on operation, students have deepened their understanding of the concept of logarithm and mastered the composition of logarithm. On this basis, it is easy to master subtraction. For example, 2+4, students can think: because 2 and 4 make up 6, 2+4=6. Because 6 can be divided into 2 and 4, 6-2=4 and 6-4=2. In the teaching process, the most important thing is to let students express their ideas. Only by making students understand oral arithmetic and simplifying their thinking methods can they form oral arithmetic skills.
2. "Give people fish" and teach them skills, which is the key to improve students' oral expression ability.
Although oral calculation is the basis of written calculation, estimation and simplification, I think written calculation, estimation and simplification also have certain guidance and promotion to oral calculation to some extent.
Take simple calculation as an example. In the process of teaching, students learn some simple calculation methods, which is a method to get the results at the fastest speed. Therefore, students should be consciously guided to use simple methods in oral arithmetic training. For example, 6000÷40 is calculated by the method of "eliminating 0", which is relatively simple. When teaching 125× 16, the method of decomposition and multiplication can be adopted, and (25×4)×(5×4)= 100×20=2000. Therefore, the clever application of simplification in oral arithmetic training is conducive to the improvement of oral arithmetic ability.
Third, the coordination of eyes, brains, mouth and hands is an important condition to improve the ability of oral calculation.
In oral arithmetic training, students are required to concentrate, and all organs should participate and cooperate with each other, which can not be ignored. Because in the process of oral calculation, it is a process of coordination of eyes, brain, hands and mouth. Eyes can see quickly and accurately, and only when it is reflected in the brain can we think positively, and finally feedback the results quickly through hands or mouth. This not only trains the sensitivity of students' organs, but also plays a direct role in developing students' attention, memory and thinking ability.
3 cultivate students' oral expression ability
In the teaching of (1), we should closely rely on the teaching materials, according to the requirements of the syllabus, combined with the age characteristics of students and the existing intelligence level. Explain the relationship between numbers and figures, numbers and shapes, and quantities. With the aid of teaching AIDS and learning tools, starting with intuitive teaching, students' abstract logical thinking ability is gradually cultivated, students' enthusiasm for oral calculation is stimulated, habits are formed, and calculation ability is improved.
(2) The combination of oral calculation and written calculation should be adopted in practice. When calculating, let the students say the oral calculation method first, and then let the students say the written calculation method. Through this exercise, students can understand the connection and difference between oral calculation and written calculation, and deepen their memory of new knowledge.
(3) Pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude when practicing oral arithmetic. Students in the same class have different computing abilities. If a standard requirement is used, some students will be too energetic to do anything; Some students can't finish the task and lose confidence in practice. Therefore, the design of oral arithmetic exercises should have a certain slope to meet the needs of students at different levels. There should be different requirements for different students, so that students with spare capacity can eat well, and students with difficulties can eat well and improve on the original basis.
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