What's good about the new college entrance examination "3+ 1+2"? It's too late for candidates to know.
The reform of college entrance examination always attracts public attention, but many students and even parents don't understand where the reform affects candidates.
On April 23, Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Chongqing, as the third batch of eight provinces and cities in China to start the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, issued their own provincial and municipal implementation plans, which were clearly implemented from the fall of 20 18 for senior one students.
The comprehensive reform of college entrance examination has officially entered a new stage of promotion to the central and western regions. Candidates and parents are still most concerned about key issues such as "how to take the exam", "how to calculate the results" and "how to recruit in colleges and universities". In this regard, the reporter interviewed a number of exam admissions experts while combing the policies.
How to take the exam: The mode of "3+ 1+2" is adopted.
An in-depth analysis of policies
According to the published implementation plan, the plan of eight provinces and cities is "3+ 1+2" mode, that is, "3" is the national unified examination subject of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages, and all students must take it; "1" is the preferred subject, and candidates must choose one of the physics and history subjects in the high school level examination; "2" is a re-selected subject, and candidates can choose two of the four subjects of chemistry, biology, ideology and politics and geography.
The relevant person in charge of the Education Department of Fujian Province said that the "3+ 1+2" subject selection scheme is the result of eight provinces and cities' full consideration of the original local college entrance examination model, basic education, the development level of higher education and the layout of disciplines and specialties on the basis of learning from the experience of the pilot provinces that reformed first.
Since the investigation was launched on 20 15, Jiangsu Province has held nearly 80 meetings to investigate and solicit opinions. In view of the key and difficult problems in the scheme, we specially listened to the opinions and suggestions of many members of the National Education Examination Steering Committee, and invited experts from East China Normal University, Xiamen University, Jiangsu Institute of Educational Modernization and related fields to demonstrate the feasibility and scientificity of the "3+ 1+2" scheme.
Candidates want to know
Why should we adopt "3+ 1+2" mode? What's the difference between this model?
Experts say so.
Qu Zhenyuan, Vice Chairman of the National Education Examination Steering Committee:
On the whole, the "3+ 1+2" plan is completely consistent with the "3+3" plan of the pilot provinces in the basic direction and concept of reform. At the same time, it further highlights the basic role of physics and history in the selection and training of talents in natural science and humanities and social sciences in colleges and universities, and puts forward the subject combination of students' examinations in combination with local conditions, so that the reform can be more accurately adapted to local conditions and better meet the needs of local students' growth and talent training.
Yu Han, expert of the National Education Examination Steering Committee and deputy director of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education:
Since the first batch of comprehensive reform pilots of college entrance examination, the educational concept of "selectivity" has been reflected in the implementation and improvement of various measures. In the dimension of choice, we should not only ensure the independent space of individual choice, but also take into account the rigid restrictions on the selection and training of talents in colleges and universities, and more importantly, reflect the overall and long-term interests of the country. Although the "3+ 1+2" model does not give candidates full freedom of choice in six subjects, they can make conditional choices in physics, history and other four subjects. The latter is 2 out of 4, which is completely open to arts and sciences, and the choice combination is 12, which greatly improves the selectivity of only two combinations of arts and sciences before the reform and is more in line with the actual situation of eight provinces and cities. At the same time, although only 1 can be selected for physics and history, they are both passing subjects in the high school level examination. Students must meet the basic teaching requirements of high school and have a complete basic knowledge structure.
Zheng Qinghua, Vice President of Xi Jiaotong University:
Compared with the merger of the two disciplines before the reform, the "3+ 1+2" model not only increases students' choice, promotes the integration of arts and sciences, pays more attention to students' all-round development, improves students' comprehensive quality, provides conditions and motivation for students and universities to choose from each other, fully embodies the principle of people-oriented, learning what they are good at and testing their strengths, and is more in line with the laws of education development and talent growth, providing opportunities for students.
How to calculate the results: unified college entrance examination+high school level examination results
An in-depth analysis of policies
Since 20021,the enrollment of colleges and universities in eight provinces and cities is based on the unified college entrance examination and high school academic level examination results and comprehensive quality evaluation.
At the same time, starting from 20021,the total score of new college entrance examination candidates in 8 provinces and cities is composed of unified college entrance examination subjects and academic level examination subjects, with a full score of 750 points. Among them, the original scores of unified college entrance examination subjects such as Chinese, mathematics and foreign language application are included in the total score of candidates, and the full score of each subject is 150. In the selected subjects, the original scores of physics or history are included in the total score of the candidates, with a full score of 100 for each subject; Candidates' self-selected ideological and political, geography, chemistry and biology subjects are counted into the total score of the candidates after scoring, with a full score of 100.
According to the implementation plan, the ordinary high school level examination is divided into qualified examination and selective examination. Qualified test scores are the main basis for students' graduation and the determination of the equivalent academic ability of ordinary high schools; The examination results are included in the total scores of candidates admitted to the unified examination in ordinary colleges and universities. All the eight provinces and cities will arrange the selection of the high school level examination together during the unified college entrance examination in June, and the number of candidates is determined to be 1. The examination shall be conducted by the province through unified proposition, unified examination, unified organization and marking, and unified announcement of results.
Candidates want to know
Why should the re-election of subjects be graded?
Experts say so.
Relevant person in charge of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education:
Due to the differences in the difficulty of different subjects in the re-examination subjects and the different groups of candidates applying for the corresponding subjects, the original scores of the re-examination subjects are not comparable. The implementation of grading is mainly based on the different subjects selected by students, the difficulty of each subject is different, and the original scores of each subject are incomparable. It is done from the perspective of fairness and justice in education examinations.
For example, candidate A chose ideological and political education, and candidate B chose chemistry, both of which were 80 points. Candidate A ranks 1000 among all candidates for ideological and political education, and candidate B ranks 1000 among all candidates for chemistry. It is neither scientific nor fair to simply add up their scores in all subjects and include them in the college entrance examination. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the original scores of different subjects into grade scores according to certain rules, and the queuing order of candidates' selected subjects will remain unchanged after conversion, so as to solve the problem that the original scores of selected subjects are incomparable.
Relevant person in charge of Chongqing Education Examinations Institute:
Under the unified guidance of the Ministry of Education, the third batch of eight provinces and cities that entered the reform formed a joint expert group, invited experts and scholars in the top fields of mathematical statistics and analysis in China, learned from the experience of previous pilot provinces, and based on the analysis and calculation of college entrance examination scores and admission data of eight provinces and cities over the years, through mathematical modeling, within the framework of evaluation standards of acceptance, discrimination, quasi-completeness, promotion, stability and adaptability, it was determined that eight provinces and cities would adopt the scoring method, which has the following characteristics.
Han Ning, Vice Chairman of Education Statistics and Metrology Branch of China Education Association:
Based on the big data of the past few years, eight provinces and cities have carefully analyzed and simulated all kinds of potential possibilities in the college entrance examination, selected the most suitable parameter setting scheme for their own provinces and cities, and followed the principles of "the single subject ranking of candidates remains unchanged" and "ensuring the appropriate weight of selected subjects and ensuring the good discrimination of conversion scores", which ensured the interests of the majority of candidates and gave them and their parents a full sense of security.
How to recruit colleges and universities: admission is based on "two basics and one reference"
An in-depth analysis of policies
In the implementation plan announced by eight provinces and cities, the mode of "two basics and one reference" is adopted for college admission, that is, not only the scores of three unified college entrance examinations and three academic level spot checks are taken as the standards, but also the comprehensive quality evaluation is taken as an important reference for admission, from simple "grading" to "judging people".
According to the implementation plan, the comprehensive quality evaluation content is divided into ideological and moral character, academic level, physical and mental health, artistic accomplishment, social practice and so on. The content of students' comprehensive quality evaluation is objectively recorded by real recording. Through the comprehensive quality evaluation system of senior high school students, senior high schools establish personal growth electronic files for each student. Under the guidance of teachers, students independently record their daily activities; According to the unified requirements of provincial and municipal education departments, students sort out and screen representative recording materials at the end of each semester to form an evaluation record form; When graduating from high school, according to the representative typical materials in the original records of the evaluation system, an evaluation report on students' comprehensive quality is generated; Academic level test scores, credits and physical health test scores are uniformly imported by schools, education administrative departments and other relevant units.
In addition, eight provinces and cities have made it clear in the implementation plan that when arranging enrollment plans, colleges and universities will compile physics and history separately; At the time of admission, candidates who choose physics and those who choose history will also queue up for admission in two sequences. Candidates in Hebei, Liaoning, Chongqing and other provinces and cities adopt the mode of "major (category)+institution", that is, one enrollment major (category) in one institution is a volunteer, and the parallel volunteer admission mode is implemented.
Candidates want to know
Why should the mode of "major (class)+college" be adopted in volunteering?
Experts say so.
Zheng Qinghua:
In the past, most senior high school students were accustomed to burying their heads in their studies and only pursuing grades. They lacked understanding of the connotation, application requirements and rules of disciplines and majors in colleges and universities, and lacked the excavation and cultivation of their own interests, specialties and professional intentions. Under the new college entrance examination mode, the school will be forced to start from the middle school stage, so it is necessary to help students find their own interests and specialties, carry out career guidance, and promote the college entrance examination reform simultaneously with the curriculum reform in junior and senior high schools, so as to unify students' career planning, major selection and learning motivation, guide students to link their studies with the majors they choose to enter colleges and universities in the future, and link their future majors with their future careers. Only by linking the career of settling down with the career of making contributions all one's life, and finally guiding students to link their career with the career that can finally care about the world, benefit mankind and settle down, can we cultivate the real pillars of social needs.
How to teach in high school: choose courses and go to classes to strengthen basic guarantee
An in-depth analysis of policies
It can be said that it is an important measure for ordinary high school teaching to adapt to the new college entrance examination and an inevitable requirement for the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination.
According to the relevant interpretations published by 8 provinces and cities, there are clear arrangements for how to carry out the teaching of selecting courses and moving classes. For example, schools should not crowd out the class hours of other non-elective subjects in order to increase the class hours of elective subjects, but should strictly implement the curriculum plan of ordinary high schools promulgated by the state and strive to develop excellent elective courses; Explore the school teaching management system suitable for class selection and shift teaching, and build a class management system that organically combines administrative classes with teaching classes, class teachers and tutorial systems.
Wang Yuqing, a member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of Hunan Provincial Education Department, said: "It is foreseeable that for basic education, due to the different proportion of candidates in various subjects, the implementation of course selection and shift will have a direct impact on the scale and structure of subject teachers."
For this reason, in terms of strengthening team building, eight provinces and cities have made it clear that by purchasing services, rehiring outstanding retired teachers, and exploring measures such as "hiring schools in counties", the structural shortage of teachers in some disciplines will be alleviated, and at the same time, teacher training will be strengthened and the training of teachers in surplus disciplines will be intensified. In addition, efforts should be made to improve the conditions for running schools, take measures such as building, rebuilding and expanding some high schools, and strictly implementing enrollment plans to eliminate large classes in ordinary high schools.
Parents want to know
For parents, the biggest concern is whether the new college entrance examination can be implemented smoothly and fairly.
Experts say so.
Zhong Binglin, President of China Education Association:
The distribution of educational resources in China is uneven, and there is a gap between the eight provinces that have implemented the new program and the developed regions such as Zhejiang and Shanghai. We should pay attention to the study and introduction of relevant supporting measures to jointly promote the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination. Form a good situation in which the government and schools, examination enrollment and personnel training, high school education and higher education are coordinated as a whole, and promote the steady implementation of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination.
Relevant person in charge of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education:
To actively respond to the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination, we should implement the main responsibility, establish a coordinated promotion mechanism, and truly implement it. In the next step, we will highlight the key points, strengthen the capacity building of examination institutions, improve the infrastructure conditions of ordinary high schools, strengthen the construction of teachers, deepen the curriculum reform of ordinary high schools, and do a good job in evaluating the comprehensive quality of high school students to ensure the smooth progress of the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination.