The dictator Julius Caesar (also translated by gaius Julius Caesar) adopted the calculation method of Sotchini, a mathematician and astronomer in Alexandria, Egypt, and implemented it from 65438+ 10/year BC to replace the old Roman calendar.

1582, the ancient Egyptians founded the solar calendar, which is now the Gregorian calendar in the world. Some people once speciously called it "the Western Calendar". In fact, the fundamental reason is that this calendar was not produced in the west, but in ancient Egypt more than 6000 years ago. The climate in ancient Egypt was hot and there was little rain, but agricultural production was very developed.

This is closely related to the periodic flooding of the Nile. Most of the land in Egypt is desert, and only the Nile valley runs through it like a green ribbon from south to north. Until modern times, more than 95% of the population in Egypt concentrated on this green life belt. So in the Greek era, westerners called Egypt "the gift of the Nile". The ancient Egyptians regarded the Nile as the "mother river".

The language of ancient Rome:

Latin is the official language of the Roman Empire and the local language of Italy. Latin in the imperial period was divided into at least two categories: classical Latin and vulgar Latin. Classical Latin is used as written language, while vulgar Latin is generally used as spoken language. Classical Latin is very stable, and has not changed from the imperial period to the Middle Ages. Vulgar Latin has dialects all over the empire, which changed greatly and gradually evolved into Romanesque language.

Although Latin is the official language of the empire, Greek is one of the most important languages of the empire, especially in the eastern provinces of the empire. Even in Rome, Greek has become the language of education and society. Greek is a common language in the fields of religion, science and art.

In the 4th century, Greek gradually lost power in the western part of the empire, and Latin gained the upper hand. At the beginning of the 5th century, the publication of the standard Latin Bible reflected this situation. The Western Roman Empire gradually began to exclude people who could speak Greek. This caused the cultural division between the eastern and western parts of the empire. Greek has been the official language of the Eastern Roman Empire since 6 10.