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Try western mathematics.
According to the question type, Xiao Ming has done all the questions (that is, Xiao Ming has no unanswered questions), so 20 questions are two possibilities, right or wrong.

Method 1 (logical thinking method) (reflecting the wisdom of China people)

Assuming that Xiao Ming answers all the questions correctly, Xiao Ming's score is: 20*8= 160, while Er Xiaoming's actual score is 134. Assuming that the situation is different from the actual situation: 160- 134=26, there must be some mistakes in those twenty questions. At present, it is assumed that 20 questions are all right, and a correct question is not only missing one (that is, 8 points less), but also adding one more wrong question (5 points should be deducted backwards). As a result, one correct question was less than the original one (5+8= 13), and now it is actually less than 26 points, which means there are actually 20 questions.

Method 2 (Solving Equation) (Western Thinking)

Suppose Xiaoming is on track X and off track (20-x).

8x-5*(20-x)= 134,

The solution is x= 18.

Hehe, I hope it will help you!