Pi, generally expressed by π, is a universal mathematical constant in mathematics and physics. It is defined as the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle. It is also equal to the ratio of the area of a circle to the square of its radius. Accurate calculation of geometric shapes such as circle perimeter, circle area and sphere volume is the key value. In the analysis, π can be strictly defined as the smallest positive real number x satisfying sin x = 0.