According to the idea of "two axes-two belts-multi-centers" in Beijing's overall urban planning and the division of urban sub-regions, the city is divided into four regions: the capital functional core area, the urban functional expansion area, the urban development new area and the ecological conservation development area. This is clearly pointed out in the "Guiding Opinions of Beijing Municipal Committee and Beijing Municipal People's Government on Functional Orientation and Evaluation Indicators of Districts and Counties" officially released a few days ago. At the same time, the Guiding Opinions published different evaluation indicators for each functional area.
The functional core area of the capital includes Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chongwen and Xuanwu, which embodies the function of Beijing as a national political and cultural center and the characteristics of the ancient capital, and is the most important carrier of the capital function and "four services". The main tasks of this area are to strengthen urban management, protect the ancient capital, improve the living environment and vigorously develop modern service industry.
The urban function expansion area includes Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan, covering the core area of Zhongguancun Science Park, the Olympic Center, Beijing Central Business District and other important functional areas, and is an important area that embodies Beijing's modern economy and international communication functions. The main task of this region is to expand the service function of export-oriented economy facing the whole country and the world, promote scientific and technological innovation and the development of high-tech industries, and vigorously develop high-end industries.
Xincheng Development Zone includes Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Changping, Fangshan and Yizhuang Development Zones. This area covers three key new cities: Tongzhou, Shunyi and Yizhuang. It is the main carrier for Beijing to develop manufacturing and modern agriculture, an important area for Beijing to evacuate the industry and population in the central city, and also the focus of Beijing's economy in the future. Its main task is to strengthen the functions of manufacturing, logistics and population bearing by relying on new cities, national and municipal development zones, and become a new growth pole of the city.
Ecological conservation development areas, including Mentougou, Pinggu, Huairou, Miyun and Yanqing. Most of this area is located in mountainous areas or shallow mountainous areas, and it is a key area to ensure the sustainable development of Beijing. Its main task is to strengthen the protection and construction of ecological environment, guide the relative concentration of population, guide the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and develop eco-friendly industries, which will become a solid ecological barrier in the capital and an ideal space for citizens to relax.
Source: Bidding Report In the next five years, Yunnan will coordinate urban and rural development and regional development. According to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, Yunnan will consider the future population, economic layout and urban system as a whole, and divide the province's land area of 394,000 square kilometers into four main bodies and leisure functional areas: optimized development, key development, restricted development and prohibited development. According to the orientation of the main function, different regional policies and performance evaluations should be implemented to standardize the order of spatial development and curb unreasonable competition between regions and cities. This is the first content of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in Yunnan Province (hereinafter referred to as the Plan Outline) recently issued by the provincial government. Comment >>& gt& gt& gt& gt
It is clearly stated in the Planning Outline that in the next 20 to 30 years, central Yunnan, such as Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi and Chuxiong, will be gradually formed as the development poles, which will become the core areas to drive the economic and social development of the whole province, and then become the strategic layout of "one pole, three directions and five groups" along the comprehensive transportation network. At the same time, in view of the three-dimensional prize of resources and environment in our province, the four regions have both resources and environmental conditions and development potential, as well as the reality of key areas for ecological environmental protection. The province is divided into the following four main functional areas. -optimizing development zones. Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi, Chuxiong and their related areas in central Yunnan. The development density of this area is relatively high, which is the region with the strongest development foundation, the highest development level and the best prospects for further development in the province. However, the problem of regional water shortage is outstanding, the efficiency of transportation network needs to be further improved, and the pattern of division of labor and cooperation among the four cities needs to be further improved. The main function of the Foundation is to become the leader of the province's economic and social development and the main body of the province's participation in "9+2" and "10+ 1" regional cooperation and competition. The development orientation is to improve infrastructure conditions, change the economic growth mode that occupies a lot of land, consumes a lot of resources and emits a lot of pollution, resolve the bottleneck of resources and environment, vigorously improve the industrial technology level and service ability, and improve the level and ability to participate in regional competition.
-key development zones. It refers to the areas in western Yunnan, eastern Yunnan and southern Yunnan with strong resources and environment bearing capacity, good agglomeration economy and population conditions, and bearing the development of pillar industries and opening to the outside world. Its main function is to accelerate economic and social development, become a logical carrier to support economic development and population agglomeration, and is the acceptance point of our province's opening to "9+2" and Southeast Asia and South Asia. The development orientation of key development zones is to strengthen the construction of infrastructure and pillar industries, accelerate industrialization and urbanization, undertake the optimization of industrial transfer in development zones, restrict development zones and prohibit population transfer in development zones.
-restricting development zones. It refers to areas with fragile ecological environment, poor agglomeration economy and poor population conditions in optimized development zones and key development zones, mainly including natural forest protection zones, ecological forest zones for returning farmland to forests, important biodiversity protection zones, important water sources and natural disaster-prone areas. These areas are distributed all over the province. It is necessary to implement the policy of giving priority to protection, moderate development and point development, concentrate development activities on local characteristic industries, strengthen the protection and restoration of the ecological environment, and guide the population to transfer to key development zones and optimized development zones voluntarily and smoothly.
-development zones are prohibited. It refers to the national and provincial nature reserves and the core area of world natural heritage established according to law. Such areas are all over the province and should be protected according to laws and regulations. All kinds of development activities that do not meet the functional positioning are strictly prohibited.
The Outline of Planning puts forward regional policies and assessment standards for classified management of four main functional areas in the province: optimized development, key development, restricted development and prohibited development. This means that GDP first and economic growth rate are no longer the only criteria for performance appraisal.
The main evaluation criteria include:
Fiscal policy. Increase the transfer payment for public services and ecological environment compensation in restricted development zones and prohibited development zones, so that local people can enjoy equal public services.
Investment policy. Focus on supporting restricted development zones, prohibiting the construction of public service facilities and ecological environment protection in development zones, and supporting infrastructure construction in key development zones.
Industrial policy. Guide and optimize the development zone to transfer the general processing industry with large area and high consumption, and upgrade the industrial level; Guide key development zones to strengthen the construction of industrial supporting capacity, promote industrialization, develop labor-intensive industries and improve the employment level; Guide and restrict the development zone to display characteristic industries and restrict industrial expansion that does not meet the main functions.
Land policy. Implement stricter incremental control of construction land for optimized development zones; On the premise of ensuring that basic farmland cannot be fed, appropriately expand the supply of construction land in key development zones; Strict land use control shall be implemented for restricted development zones and prohibited development zones, and it is strictly forbidden to change the use of ecological land.
Population policy. Encourage migrants with stable employment and residence in optimized development zones and key development zones to settle down, guide and restrict the voluntary, balanced and orderly transfer of population in development zones and prohibit them.
Noun explanation: "one pole, three directions and five groups"
One pole: the development pole in central Yunnan, including Kunming, Qujing, Yuxi, Chuxiong and related areas.
Three directions: orientation of opening to the outside world-refers to the development orientation along the Guikun Railway, Nankun Railway, neijiang-kunming railway, chengdu-kunming railway and Lijiang Shangri-La Line (highway and railway) in Dali, focusing on the major node cities along the line and facing Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Guangxi and Tibet; Orientation of opening to the outside world-refers to the development orientation along Kunming-Ruili Highway, Kunming-Manchu Highway, Kunming-Mengding Highway and Kunming-Hekou Line (highway and railway), focusing on major node cities along the route and facing Southeast Asia and South Asia; Orientation of characteristic industries-refers to the development axis with distinctive characteristics and internal and external communication, and all directions of internal and external opening are focused on characteristic industries.
Five groups: in areas with strong resources and environment carrying capacity and great development potential, build urban agglomerations in central Yunnan, Honghe, Simao, Putin, Dali, Baoshan, Tengchong, Luxi and Ruili.
Related links: limiting the functional orientation of development zones
Northeast Yunnan: the population density is high, and the resources and environment are difficult to bear for a long time. In general, we should aim at ecological environment restoration, and carry out node development and population transfer simultaneously.
Northwest Yunnan: an important ecological function area, an area rich in biodiversity and ethnic cultural diversity, a tourist attraction, an important supporting area open to Southeast Asia and South Asia, and a good prospect for water (energy) resources development and mineral resources exploration. We should pay close attention to the preparation of the development plan for northwest Yunnan and make overall plans to solve the problems of economic and social development, opening to the outside world, population, resources and environment in this area.
Southeast Yunnan: the problem of rocky desertification is more prominent. Accelerate the control of rocky desertification, control and gradually transfer the population, and develop industries with low requirements for the ecological environment.
Nujiang area: attach great importance to studying and solving the Nujiang problem