First, the preparations to prevent personal injury in winter
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(1) Prepare cold-proof materials
1. Prepare the cold protection articles in advance, prepare them adequately and distribute them to each employee in time, such as cold clothes, cotton shoes, gloves, etc.
2. All production workshops, flight attendants' apartments, waiting rooms, single dormitories and other work and rest places should be decorated in advance, so that the cold-proof materials for doors and windows are complete and qualified, and the thermal insulation curtain (quilt) is exposed according to regulations, reaching good thermal insulation standards.
3. Climbing workplaces such as cranes, climbing escalators, lighting bridges in the workplace, pedals of shunting locomotives, and cleaning platforms at the maintenance site should be well bandaged and anti-skid measures in advance.
4. Work preparation places such as vehicle inspection, shunting, locomotives, buses, etc. should keep the site flat, the roads are smooth, there is no water and ice, and the lighting is good and sufficient, and safety warning signs should be set according to regulations.
5. Take timely measures to clear the snow and ice on the site after it snows to prevent slipping and falling.
(2) Inspection and transformation requirements of winter protection equipment
1. Places that are approved to use coal stoves for heating (including rooms that use stoves for heating) should be equipped with stoves and blowers correctly, and they can be ignited only after being accepted by relevant departments and posting certificates.
2. The newly installed and reconstructed atmospheric boiler floor heating must be designed and installed by qualified professionals, and the design drawings (oil and gas boilers need to provide relevant approval witness materials from the public security fire department) can be installed only after being reported to the relevant departments for review and filing. The floor heating in use must be qualified by the safety technology and equipment department of the unit every year, and the design drawings, safety operation rules and anti-freezing and explosion-proof safety management system are exposed in the boiler room according to the regulations, and can be ignited only after passing the acceptance of the "certificate".
3. Before the winter, the technical equipment and safety department of the unit should organize a comprehensive transformation and acceptance of atmospheric hot water and tea bath boilers. When installation, repair and transformation are needed, the relevant safety technical data and installation and repair plans must be reviewed and filed by the relevant departments before construction. After the installation, maintenance and renovation are completed, they must be accepted by the relevant departments and inspected by the special equipment testing center, and an inspection certificate will be issued. Only after the inspection certificate, safety operation procedures, safety card control measures, emergency plan and safety management system are publicized in the boiler room can they be ignited for use.
4. Newly installed and overhauled pressure boilers must pass the inspection by relevant departments in accordance with regulations, obtain a boiler use certificate, and expose safety operation procedures, safety management systems, safety card control measures, emergency handling procedures and plans for abnormal situations and inspection certificates in the boiler room before they can be ignited for use.
5. For the pressure boilers in use, all units should do a good job of maintenance in advance and pass the inspection by the special equipment testing center of the Railway Bureau. All kinds of safety accessories are complete, effective, qualified and in good operation, and can only be used after the safety measures are improved.
6. All kinds of pressure vessels and pipelines installed outdoors should be kept cold and drained.
7. Drains, wells, air wells, pools, etc. at each work site. Add a strong cold-proof cover.
Second, the basic requirements for personal safety in winter operation
According to the characteristics and laws of winter operation, we must conscientiously implement the policy of "safety first, prevention first and comprehensive management". All cadres and workers must meet the following requirements in winter:
(1) Relevant requirements before going to work in winter
1. Never drink before going to work, have a full rest, and ensure full energy and concentration at work.
2. Before work, you must wear protective equipment according to regulations. Winter hats must have ear holes with an aperture of not less than 20mm. It is forbidden to wear high heels, plastic shoes and shoes with nails.
3. Before operation, carefully check and confirm that the tools used and the handed-over equipment are in good condition, and it is forbidden to use bad tools. Strictly implement the post responsibility system and the succession system. Before the shift, listen carefully to the arrangement requirements of the team leader for the production plan and the matters needing attention in safety production. During the operation, earnestly implement various rules, regulations and orders, unite and cooperate, keep in close contact, and do not speculate or joke.
(2) Safety requirements for working and walking in the station in winter
When working and walking in the station, it is forbidden to wear glasses, hats or other covers that hinder vision and hearing. When freezing, tie a straw rope on your shoes or wear other non-slip shoes to prevent slipping and injury; We should always pay attention to the movement of passing trains and vehicles. In case of wind, snow and fog, special attention should be paid to whether there are passing locomotives and vehicles on the adjacent lines. We should stand in a proper position to prevent being injured by falling objects, tarpaulins and ropes on the car. It is forbidden to walk on sleepers, road centers and rail surfaces. It is strictly forbidden to sit, chat and rest under the car, at the rear of the car and on the platform to avoid the wind and snow.
(3) to prevent gas poisoning during heating
1. When installing the chimney of the cooker, the stove block should be set around the cooker, and the chimney installation should be stable and irreversible.
Installation.
2. The heating furnace and its installation must be qualified, and there must be inspection certificate before it can be used.
3. Houses with people on duty at night, which are heated by fire, must be equipped with air buckets instead of air buckets.
People are not allowed to stay in the house.
4. Chimneys and flues must be cleaned on schedule to prevent smoke pouring, and it is forbidden to keep warm by exposure.
(4) Safety measures for using all kinds of picks in winter
When lifting with various pickaxes, before lifting the pickaxes, the site must be cleaned, the snow removed, the wheel chocks paved, the wooden piers cushioned, the center of gravity identified, the ground must be solid and reliable, the base should be placed stably and firmly, the pickaxes should be vertical, and the metal-to-metal contact parts should be padded with non-slip wooden mats, and the lifting height should not exceed 3/4 of the total length (or safety line). When multiple picks are used on a lifting object at the same time, the lifting capacity of each pick. In the process of lifting, the operator shall not leave his post and any part of his body shall not reach under the object before the object is padded.
Third, snow removal in winter
Snow and ice removal is an abnormal work. Due to the bad weather and irregular working hours, it brings serious hidden dangers to personal safety. Before the operation, the operator should formulate detailed safety measures according to the snow removal position, and make the road map and train position map to be avoided. When you encounter a road section that is easy to slip, you should be vigilant, and your steps should be steady and steady to prevent slipping and falling. The person in charge of snow removal and deicing is responsible for the safety education before snow removal.
1. When it is predicted that there is snow, all the snow removal preparations such as personnel, appliances, communication equipment and protective articles must be made in advance.
2. The line snow removal operation must have safety protection, with guards at the site and guards at the station, both of which are indispensable, as shown in figure 13 -4.
3. Snow removal operations on the line must be organized and protected. It is forbidden to remove snow by one person. There must be more than three snow removal personnel on site, and full-time protection personnel must be set up. Especially when removing the residual snow in the turnout after snow, safety protection must be set in strict accordance with the regulations.
4. Before the snow removal operation, each team must be clear about the person in charge, and must designate a special person for safety protection; When multiple operation groups are working in the throat area of the station turnout at the same time, on-site guards can be set at both ends of the operation groups to be responsible for the safety protection of all operators.
5. Workers in the same team must go out together, go back together and walk in strict accordance with the prescribed road map. During the operation, they must not leave the operation team.
6. The station protection personnel should arrive at the station cab before the on-site workers, carefully grasp the train passing and shunting operation during the station protection period, and notify the on-site protection personnel in time.
7. The on-site carers should carry protective equipment according to regulations, arrive at the scene with the workers, and report the operation position to the station carers in time, and snow removal can only be carried out when there is no car; During the protection period, carefully monitor the radio station, and promptly notify the operators to get off at the specified distance after receiving the incoming report.
8. The operation team using wind power and internal combustion snow remover must absolutely obey the command of the team leader or site protector, and shall not work on the road without authorization. When working on the road, it is necessary to implement the provisions of one person and one machine to protect the rope and ensure the effective implementation of safety protection measures.
9. Snow removal workers must dress in accordance with the regulations to ensure that their hearing and vision are not affected. It is forbidden to wear a one-piece hat or a cold-proof hat without a hearing hole. The size of the hearing hole of the cold-proof hat should meet the standard and be open. It is forbidden to wear big hat spikes, plastic shoes, high heels and wet shoes to prevent personal injury.
10. Snow removal personnel must count the number of people on the road and register with the station protection personnel.