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Shanghai, referred to as Shencheng, Shanghai and Modu for short, is a municipality directly under the Central Government of the People's Republic of China, a national central city, a megacity and a core city of Shanghai metropolitan area. It is an international economic, financial, trade, shipping and scientific and technological innovation center in China approved by People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council, and a famous historical and cultural city in China.
Shanghai has a total area of 6,340.5 square kilometers and governs 16 districts. By the end of 2022, the permanent population of Shanghai was 24,758,900. Shanghai is a part of the alluvial plain in the Yangtze River Delta, with an average elevation of about 2. 19 meters. The highest altitude is Dajinshan Island in Hangzhou Bay, Jinshan District, with an altitude of 103.70 meters.
There are relics of tianmashan, Xue Shan and Phoenix Mountain in the west, and tianmashan is the highest point on the land, with an altitude of 99.8 meters. There is a stone tablet "the top of Sheshan". There are rock islands such as Dajinshan Island, Xiaojinshan Island, Fushan Island (Turtle Island), Sheshan Island and Xiaoyangshan Island in the sea area.
In the north of Shanghai, where the Yangtze River meets the sea, there are three islands: Chongming Island, Changxing Island and hengsha island. Chongming Island, the third largest island in China, is formed by alluvial sediment carried by the Yangtze River, with an area of 104 1.2 1 km2 and an altitude of 3.5-4.5 meters. Changxing Island covers an area of 88.54 square kilometers, and hengsha island covers an area of 55.74 square kilometers.
Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Shanghai has a mild and humid climate, with shorter spring and autumn and longer winter and summer. In 20 13 years, the average temperature in Shanghai is 17.6℃, sunshine is 1885.9 hours, and precipitation is 1 173.4 mm. More than 60% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the flood season from May to September.
Shanghai's water resources are mainly composed of Huangpu River and other rivers in the city. The average annual runoff of Huangpu River is more than 300 cubic meters per second, with an average annual runoff of 654.38+000 billion cubic meters. Together with the flow of other rivers in Shanghai, the average annual runoff of water resources in Shanghai totals 654.38+0.45 billion cubic meters.