At the beginning of the formation of the military service system in the Three Kingdoms, it followed the Eastern Han Dynasty and mainly implemented the conscription system. During the Jian 'an period, Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan began to gradually implement the world military system in different names to ensure the source of soldiers because of the protracted war, the increase of deserters, the decrease of population and the difficulty in recruiting soldiers. Cao Cao gathered the families of the soldiers and took them as hostages, from which he obtained reserve soldiers. Its soldiers are called soldiers, taking military service as their lifelong obligation; His family is called a scholar-bureaucrat or a military household. Scholars set up another household registration, separated from private households, and their descendants became soldiers from generation to generation, and soldiers and their families deserted. At the same time, it is stipulated that aristocratic women are not allowed to marry outside, and widowed women should still marry aristocratic children after death, so as to breed aristocratic children. Wu also carried out the hereditary system of troops and generals. His soldiers also attacked each other from generation to generation, and their families lived with the barracks. During the Three Kingdoms period, in addition to the world military system, the army was supplemented by recruitment, surrender and conscription. We have also obtained a large number of soldiers from ethnic minorities in various ways. Such as Wu Huan soldiers and Liangzhou soldiers of Wei, South China Flying Army, Sao soldiers and soldiers of Shu.
The three countries followed the Han system and established a pension system. When the foot soldiers are dead, they should be buried. Wei once stipulated that to send them home, officials should set up sacrifices. For disabled soldiers, no corvee, land, cattle and rice are given.
Management and training system The state attaches great importance to the rule of law, and has a series of management and training systems, and strictly rewards and punishments to ensure implementation. Wei Jun has always regarded Cao Cao's functional orders, military orders and compensation orders for defeated soldiers as the laws and systems for running the army. Its main contents include: marching, array, attack and defense, camping and warship docking. All must act according to the command signal, and those who violate the order will be beheaded; Soldiers on the battlefield must follow the flag of their own team and must never be misplaced. Runaways will be beheaded. Hiding family members who have fled to soldiers for more than a day is the same crime; Marching can't damage crops, etc. It also stipulates that the general will go out to war, and the defeated will make amends and the defeated will be exempted from official titles. The generals of the Three Kingdoms took their families hostage when they went out to war or guarded the country. Wei and Wu also set up school affairs to supervise the hidden affairs of the military and civilians. The army has a rotation system, and the number of people on leave in Wei and Shu is often one fifth. All countries attach great importance to military training and have established training bases. Zhuge Liang practiced the army with the Eight Arrays method near Chengdu, Cao managed Xuanwu Pool to practice sailors, and Sun Quan used Jianghu to practice the navy, with remarkable results. Wei holds a military parade after beginning of autumn every year, nicknamed "Guan Bing".
Logistics Support System The supply of troops of the three countries is mainly organized by the government. Military grain and military expenditure depend on rent and land reclamation income, and the proportion of military grain harvested from land reclamation is very large. There are civilian villages and military villages in the wasteland. Wei's military stations are divided into military stations and military households. The army settled the fields, mainly by foreign troops stationed in the neighboring areas of Wu and Shu, and was managed by officers at all levels according to the organizational system, combining farming with defense and combining agriculture with war. The reclamation of wasteland by military households is managed by agricultural officials, military commanders, military commanders and military commanders. Shujuntun is mainly located in Hanzhong, which borders Wei, and sometimes plows with farmers, but the original organizational system remains unchanged, and the local governor serves as the overseer to guide reclamation. Most of Wu's barracks are cultivated by soldiers and their families. Wu also practiced the system of serving the city, distributing several counties and cities to the generals of the whole army, and using their rental income to supply the headquarters and soldiers under his command. The amount of service for the city depends on the size of the official position and the number of troops.
Weapons and equipment are manufactured in government workshops and supervised by military officers. According to legend, Zhuge Liang of Shu was once transformed into a crossbow with ten arrows and equipped with troops. All countries have shipbuilding bases, and the "Chang 'an" built by Jae Moo Oh Chang (now Ezhou City, Hubei Province) can carry more than a thousand soldiers. Material transportation mainly depends on cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and carts. It is said that Shu used "wooden cows and flowing horses" to transport materials, which improved the supply efficiency in mountainous areas.
In addition, in the Han Dynasty, the three countries adopted the beacon system for border defense, and built communication facilities such as watch and alarm to communicate between the capital and border defense, and between the governor and his subordinates. Military documents are delivered by post offices, and Wei also has a system of urgent letters and chicken feathers.
The outstanding characteristics of the military system in the Three Kingdoms are: the Central Army established a Chinese and foreign military system, and generally implemented a world military system and a Daxing military camp. This was the product of politics and economy at that time and was suitable for military struggle. But later, foreign forces expanded, and in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the central government could no longer control and command. The military system has a strong personal dependence, which directly affects the inferiority of future soldiers and the formation of the gate valve system.