The meaning, function and nature of (1)
"Asking for instructions" is a kind of official document style "for asking for instructions and approval from higher authorities". Asking for instructions is an upward document written by lower authorities to higher authorities and higher management departments for the use of party and government, organizations, enterprises and institutions. The purpose is to request approval or instruct legal action, so as to reflect the leadership relationship and implement the superior leadership.
(b) Use and types of "instructions"
Issues that have been stipulated in the principles and policies of the higher authorities should be handled by the lower authorities within the established scope of authority without asking for instructions. Need to use "request for instructions", or the relevant laws and policies are unclear, unclear or even inappropriate; New problems or special circumstances that are difficult to deal with according to the original regulations have occurred in the system of this organ, or it is difficult to implement unified regulations due to the specific conditions of this region and this department, and it is necessary to use new tasks and other funds. Commonly used are the following:
1. Suggest asking for instructions. When problems involving the overall situation and beyond the scope of authority of this organ are found, it is recommended that the higher authorities approve or approve them.
2. Request approval. If the implementation requires the approval of the superior or involves problems that the organ has no right to solve, the approval shall be requested.
Step 3 ask for help. When you encounter problems that you can't solve but need to solve or problems that the masses demand to solve, ask your superiors for help.
4. Discuss for instructions. For the decisions and documents of the superior, it is required to reconsider the decision from the reality, or the required content has universal significance and requests approval.
(3) Format and writing method
The format and characteristics of "request for instructions" are as follows: the title must state "request for instructions", and the reasons should be summarized accurately. The issuing unit can state it in the title or sign it at the back of the text without writing it. Under the heading and before the text, the name of the unit or competent leader who accepts the request should be written in the top box. The text should come straight to the point and write the reasons for asking, and then focus on the questions for asking (the order can also be reversed); From the content point of view, we should pay attention to put forward opinions for superior judgment and choice. A new page should be set up after the text, indicating the instructions, such as "please approve", "please review the instructions" and "hope to reply as soon as possible"; You can also request to forward to what scope for execution or reference execution. Finally, sign the name of the organization or leader at the bottom right, and write the date at the bottom.
The writing, writing and structure requirements of instructions are similar to those of "report", and they are easily confused because they used to be two kinds of the same category, which must be prevented. First, the title should not be written as "asking for instructions"; 2. Don't include instructions in non-mandatory documents such as "report" (unless the report says "Please indicate whether the above report is appropriate"); Third, we must ask for instructions in advance, and we can't "act first and then act" like summarizing the report; Fourth, we must ask for instructions one by one, and we must not mix many things together like a comprehensive report; Fifth, it is necessary to ask the competent authorities for instructions, not to go beyond the level and not to ask for instructions from many parties. If it is a unit under dual leadership or involves several units or leaders, it is necessary to specify the main sending organ and the cc organ, and the main sending organ is responsible for solving or replying, and cc the relevant organs and leaders to make them know; Sixth, when the request involves the business scope of other departments, it should be reported after reaching an agreement through consultation. If no agreement can be reached, it should be clearly stated in the "Request for Instructions". Several institutions have the same thing to ask for instructions. If they want to work together, they will sign and print the newspaper.
(d) Case study
For example, 1:
Request for instructions from the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on gradually implementing the model text system of economic contracts throughout the country
The State Council:
Since the implementation of 1982 Economic Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, economic contracts have been widely used in China's urban and rural economic life. In recent years, China has signed more than 700 million written economic contracts every year, and the economic contract system is playing an increasingly important role in China's socialist planned commodity economy. However, many years of practice have also exposed some problems in signing economic contracts, mainly because the economic contracts signed by some parties are not standardized, the terms are incomplete, and there are many loopholes and problems, which bring great difficulties to the performance of economic contracts. The result not only affects the performance rate of economic contracts, but also leads to the increase of contract disputes and the difficulty of solving economic disputes.
There are many reasons for the above problems, one of which is the lack of standardized and effective guidance and management of economic contract texts. In recent years, the contract management authorities in some provinces and cities have adopted the practice of formulating a unified contract text to guide the parties to sign economic contracts correctly, which has received positive results. According to the survey, unifying the text of economic contracts not only strengthens the management of economic contracts, but also is widely welcomed by the parties to economic contracts. In order to further implement the policy of rectification and deepening reform, improve the economic contract system, standardize the behavior of the parties to the contract, and maintain the normal economic order, we propose to gradually implement the model text system of economic contracts nationwide, that is, to formulate standardized and guiding texts on the main terms and styles of various economic contracts, actively advocate and publicize them nationwide, and gradually guide the parties to adopt them when signing economic contracts to realize the standardization of signing economic contracts. We believe that the implementation of this system, on the one hand, helps the parties to understand and master relevant laws and regulations, standardize the signing of economic contracts, avoid the lack of funds and goods and the untrue and inaccurate expression of the parties' will, and prevent the occurrence of obviously unfair and illegal terms; On the other hand, it is convenient for contract management organs to strengthen supervision and inspection, and it is beneficial for contract arbitration organs and people's courts to solve contract disputes in time, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and safeguard the interests of the state and society.
The gradual implementation of the model text system of economic contracts throughout the country is an important measure to implement the Economic Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and improve the management level of economic contracts. It is also a major event related to the vast number of enterprises and parties to various economic activities, and it is prudent and safe. Therefore, since 1986, according to the Economic Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and relevant laws and regulations, we have successively designed several contract texts, formulated implementation methods and schemes, and solicited opinions from relevant business authorities and local industrial and commercial administrative departments. After revision and enrichment, a set of economic contract model texts and draft management measures have been initially formed. Other related preparations are also in progress. The conditions for gradually implementing the model text system of economic contracts have been initially met, and it is feasible to carry out this work in time. To this end, we suggest:
The first is to formulate a unified model text of economic contracts. The State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the local administrations for industry and commerce at all levels, as the functional departments for managing economic contracts, are responsible for managing the model texts of economic contracts and formulating various model texts of economic contracts in accordance with the principle of unified leadership and division of responsibilities. The specific division of labor is as follows:
1. Model texts of purchase and sale contracts, construction engineering contracts, processing contracts, property lease contracts and warehousing contracts shall be formulated by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and relevant competent departments of the State Council.
2. Model texts of loan contracts, property insurance contracts, cargo transportation contracts and contracts for the supply and use of electricity, water, heat and gas shall be respectively formulated by the relevant competent departments of the State Council according to the Economic Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and other relevant laws and regulations, and reported to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce for the record. Among them, the standard contract text (that is, the contract in which the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract have been determined and incorporated) can still be implemented according to the prescribed management measures.
Two, unified printing model text of economic contract. The administrative departments for industry and commerce at all levels and relevant competent departments shall, in accordance with the division of labor, do a good job in the printing management of demonstration texts of economic contracts, designate printing enterprises to undertake them, and be responsible for supervising the production. Printing enterprises shall print in accordance with the format and content of the model text formulated and provided by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the relevant competent departments of the State Council.
Three, do a good job in the distribution of economic contract model text, convenient for the parties to receive. After the implementation of the economic contract model text system, the economic contract text used by the parties can be obtained from the local administrative department for industry and commerce or the competent business department at any time or in batches. The administrative department for industry and commerce and the relevant competent departments shall collect fees, and the charging standards shall be jointly formulated by the price management department. If it is not convenient to receive it at one time, the parties are allowed to print and use it by themselves according to the model text formulated by the state.
Four, carry out extensive publicity and education, and actively advocate and guide enterprises and other parties to adopt the model text of economic contracts formulated and printed by the state. We should conscientiously do a good job in the publicity and education of the implementation of this system, train grassroots cadres and relevant personnel of enterprises, familiarize economic contract managers with this system, and enable the parties to economic contracts to understand and master the use methods and precautions of the model text. At the same time, in the implementation steps, we should be active and steady, and do not engage in mandatory orders and "one size fits all." For some economic activities with special requirements, the parties to the contract are allowed to use the self-made contract text or handwritten contract text. The existing contract text can be used as much as possible to reduce unnecessary losses.
5. Measures for the administration of model texts of economic contracts shall be formulated by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce; The State Administration for Industry and Commerce is responsible for organizing and coordinating the implementation preparation and deployment. The model text system of economic contract is planned to be gradually implemented in the whole country from June this year 10.
Six, the implementation of the economic contract model text system is a new work, it is suggested that the local people's governments at all levels and the relevant departments of the State Council should actively assist and cooperate with the administrative department for Industry and Commerce to do a good job in the formulation, printing, distribution, collection and management of the model text, carry out extensive study, publicity and education, carefully organize the implementation, pay attention to summing up experience and constantly improve it, so that this system can play its due positive role.
If there is nothing wrong with the above, please forward it to all regions and departments for implementation.
State Administration for Industry and Commerce
1February 6, 990
Brief analysis:
Example 1 refers to asking for advice and requesting approval for implementation. The topic is divided into three parts, with detailed reasons. The text under the heading is divided into two parts except the end. The first three paragraphs are motivation, including basis and explanation. The first paragraph summarizes the signing of economic contracts since the implementation of the Economic Contract Law, which has certainly played a great role, and points out that there are some irregularities and other problems. If both of them are missing, there is no need to implement the model text system. On the basis of the present situation, the second paragraph points out that the reason for the problem is the lack of standardized management of contract texts, and proves it with the good results of provinces and cities that have formulated unified texts, which leads to the suggestion of implementing the model text system of economic contracts throughout the country, and then defines its scientific meaning and explains its necessity. The third paragraph reports the formation process and implementation method of the model text, which shows that it is prepared and mature. At this point, the foundation, necessity, function and possibility have been laid. In the second half, six articles are used to summarize the specific contents of the proposed argument: first, the formulation and management of division of labor; Second, printing; Third, distribution; Fourth, publicity and advocacy; Fifth, formulate and implement coordinated management measures and implementation dates; Sixth, the assistance of relevant departments. The last part is the request for approval and implementation. Finally, the signature and date. A complicated problem, written in 2000 words, is clear and worth pondering.
For example, 2:
Request for instructions on establishing friendly port relations between Ningbo Port and Shimizu Port of Japan
The State Council:
1984 In September, the Governor of Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan, Keizaburo Yamamoto, met with the transportation delegation of _ _ _ _, and proposed that Shimizu Port of Shizuoka Prefecture would like to establish friendly port relations with Ningbo Port. Since then, Hiroichi Inoue, president of Shizuoka Japan-China Friendship Association, and Min Jiexiaoshan, director of Shimizu Harbor Bureau, have repeatedly proposed to establish friendly port relations with Ningbo Port. Shizuoka Prefecture also sent people to _ _ province to talk about this matter. _ _ Province and Shizuoka Prefecture established friendly relations between provinces and counties on 1982.
_ _ is one of the four open port cities in China/KLOC-0, and Ningbo Port is the largest coastal port in _ _ province, and has not yet established friendly port relations with foreign ports. In order to develop Sino-Japanese economic and technological exchanges and friendly exchanges between ports and promote the development of shipping, we intend to agree to establish friendly relations between Ningbo Port and Qingshui Port. Attached is the Agreement on Establishing Friendly Port Relations between Ningbo Port in People's Republic of China (PRC) and Shimizu Port in Japan (Chinese draft). The agreement was reached through consultation between China and Japan, and it is planned to be formally signed by the directors of the port (bay) bureaus of both sides in the second half of 1986. If there is no amendment to the draft agreement in principle during the negotiation, we will not ask for instructions.
If not, please indicate.
Attachment: Agreement on Establishing Friendly Port Relations between People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and Ningbo Port in China and Shimizu Port in Japan (Chinese draft)
Communication department
_ _ Provincial People's Government
June 25, 1986
Brief analysis:
Example 2 is a joint request, submitted to the State Council, with the title indicating the issuers of the two units. Three paragraphs of the text. The first paragraph is the motivation, and the reasons for establishing friendly port relations are well written; In the second paragraph, after a brief explanation, I put forward my own suggestions (drawing up agreements, practices and timetables); At the end of the third paragraph, there is only one sentence "If not, please indicate", which is the requirement of "asking for instructions". Indicate the attachment before signing. Because there have been many similar situations since the opening to the outside world, there is no need to discuss and explain them in detail. As long as this kind of official document can handle affairs effectively. This article is well written in detail, without boots and hats and empty talk, and it is standardized and clean.
For example, 3:
_ _ Provincial People's Government's request for instructions on the allocation of funds and materials for flood and drought relief.
The State Council:
Since June this year, the weather in our province has been abnormal, with heavy rains in southern areas and flash floods in mountainous areas. Severe drought has occurred in the northern region, and large-scale landslides, strong winds and hail have also occurred in some areas of Yichang, Yunyang, Ezhou, Xiaogan and other cities, forming a multi-occurrence trend, bringing serious disasters to people's lives and property and industrial and agricultural production, causing serious losses. According to incomplete statistics, 44 counties, cities and 775 townships in the province were affected, with the affected population of 1000 million and the affected population of more than 6 million. The affected area of crops is17 million mu, resulting in disasters of more than 5 million mu, no harvest10 million mu, grain loss of more than 500 million kilograms, 7. 1 10,000 houses flooded, more than 30,000 houses collapsed and more than 90,000 houses were damaged. 46,000 people were trapped by water, more than 20,000 victims were transferred, and 800,000 people lacked food due to early rice panning; 56 people died because of the disaster, and 7 18 people were seriously injured and hospitalized; Cultivated land1100,000 mu, more than 3,700 roads170,000 meters, 839 bridges, more than 600 culverts110,000 meters, more than 6,000 channels110,000 meters, and more than 9,400 ponds. 360,000 trees were broken and more than 6,600 telephone poles were broken. The direct economic loss is 500 million yuan.
Some time ago, the disasters in our province were mainly floods in the south and droughts in the north, and floods in the outside and disasters in the inside. First of all, heavy rains and floods have caused disasters in the southern region. From the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July this year, there were six large-scale heavy rainfall events in * * in southern Hubei, and the cumulative rainfall in 35 counties and cities exceeded 300 mm, of which the rainfall in the rainstorm centers of Chongyang and Tongcheng counties was about 700 mm, which was the maximum in the same period in the past 40 years. Due to the intensity of heavy rain, major large lakes such as Honghu Lake, Liangzi Lake, Diaohan Lake and Axe Lake have exceeded the discharge position; Abundant water, land water, Qingshan, etc. 136 reservoirs overflow; Mountain torrents occurred in Tongcheng, Chongyang, Tongshan and other mountainous counties and cities, causing devastating disasters. The second is the drought in the northern region. Known as the "dry steamed stuffed bun", the rainfall in the hilly area of northern Hubei has been less than 60% since June this year, which has caused serious drought in Xiangfan, Yunyang and northern Xiaogan. According to preliminary statistics, the drought-affected area has reached more than 7 million mu, and the drought in _ _ _ _, one of the grain-producing areas, is more serious. It hasn't rained thoroughly for more than 40 days since the beginning of June, and there are more than 400 buildings in the city. There are more than 70 towns and villages in this city suffering from drought,1700,000 mu of crops are seriously affected by drought, more than 500,000 mu of medium rice and upland rice are withered, and nearly 400,000 people and more than 200,000 large livestock have difficulty drinking water. Third, there was a big flood in the rivers in the province. Affected by the water from Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, the Huangguang levee, 87 kilometers downstream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, has exceeded the warning water level from bottom to top since July 5. From July 9, Jianli, Luoshan, Hankou and Huangshi all exceeded the fortification water level. In the first ten days of July, large flood peaks appeared in medium-sized rivers in the province, such as giant water. The flood peak water level of Lushui Tongcheng Station on July 6th was 59. 1m, the second since the measured data were available.
In the face of severe floods and droughts, the provincial party Committee and government made timely arrangements, and the party committees and government leaders of the affected cities and counties took up their posts in time to fully organize disaster relief. In addition to 150,000 cadres and militia, the affected counties and cities also organized hundreds of thousands of cadres and masses to fight in the front line of disaster relief. The provincial government sent four working groups to the disaster area to assist in disaster relief; Materials, supply and marketing, post and telecommunications, electric power and other departments at all levels fully support flood control and disaster relief; At the peak of the province, 29 pumping stations above 800 kW were started, 100000 pumping stations above 0/0000 pumping stations100 pumping stations, more than 38000 motors 1800 diesel engines were started, and more than 2000 diesel engines with 40000 kW were drought-resistant. Strive to reduce disaster losses to a minimum.
Due to the large disaster area and heavy losses in our province, our extremely limited financial and material resources can not cope with the current disaster relief work. The State Council and relevant ministries and commissions are kindly requested to allocate 1 0 million yuan of disaster relief funds, 1 0 million yuan of disaster relief funds,110,000 tons of disaster relief fertilizer,10.5 million tons of disaster relief diesel oil, 5,000 tons of disaster relief gasoline, 3,000 tons of disaster relief steel, 50 trucks, 3,000 cubic meters of wood, etc.
I hereby ask for instructions and please reply.
_ _ Provincial People's Government
July 16, 1993
(Seal)
Brief analysis:
This is a letter of help from the provincial people's government to the State Council after the disaster. There is nothing special about the title and the upper and lower paragraphs. There are five paragraphs in the text * * *. The first paragraph introduces the drought situation in the north and south in detail, the second paragraph further reports the characteristics of the disaster situation, the third paragraph reports the disaster situation, and the fourth paragraph requests the State Council and relevant ministries and commissions to allocate disaster relief funds and materials after the whole preparation. , there are specific types and quantities. The conclusion in the fifth paragraph is "I hereby ask for instructions and please reply". Because the disaster information is specific and not too procrastinating, it is logical to ask for help, and the reasons are not clear.
The format and examples of the request for articles related to Secretary Foundation 6:
★ Requirements format and secretarial basis: 6 cases.
★ Secretary-based proposal format and example 6.
★ 6 official document instruction format and model essay.
★ Format and Examples of Secretarial Proposal 6 (2)
★ Presentation format and secretarial basis: 6 cases.
★ There are 8 forms and examples of basic secretarial notice.
★ Format, writing and examples of basic instructions for secretarial work
★ Format and Examples of Basic Secretarial Notice (8 articles) (2)
★ Format and examples of basic secretarial briefing
★ Format and examples of secretary's basic report