first kind
Teaching objectives:
1. Accumulate the meaning and usage of notional words "Shuo", "Play" and "Deng" in classical Chinese and function words "Zhi", "Yi", "So" and "Ning" in classical Chinese.
With the help of notes and reference books, we can translate the text smoothly and master the content of "hard study".
3. By circling the key words in the article, we can understand the importance of clarifying the learning purpose, correcting the learning attitude and mastering the learning methods, and understand the expression effect of demonstration methods such as comparison and examples.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1. Key point: With the help of notes and reference books, on the basis of reading, accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and understand sentence meaning, and master the content of "hard study".
2. Difficulties: How does the author use metaphor, contrast, examples and other argumentation methods to make his point of view more convincing.
Teaching time: three hours.
Teaching process:
first kind
First, import
Liu Bang dropped out of school when he was a child, and he was secretly pleased to hear that Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism. However, when he became emperor, he was deeply ignorant, so he encouraged his son to learn by personal experience and made no secret of it. Fu Lei wrote many letters to his son, aiming at educating him to become an "artist with both ability and political integrity and outstanding personality".
Family instructions are an important part of Chinese traditional education and traditional cultural thoughts, which have always been read, handwritten, engraved and passed down by the broad masses of the people.
From the royal family, dignitaries to masters, celebrities and rural people, we can appreciate their kindness and good advice, and we can also appreciate the profound meaning of the ancients' tireless and painstaking efforts to teach their children, brothers and nephews.
What we are going to learn today is a strict family instruction, which is regarded as a model of this kind of family education.
Second, the author and brief introduction of his works
About the author: Yan Zhitui, a writer in the Northern Qi Dynasty during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, is the representative work of Yan Family Instructions. Yan's Family Instructions is the first family instruction in history, a summary of his life's career, life and study experience, and is praised as a model of family education by later generations.
Third, dredge the text.
(1) Solve the problem
"Encourage" means to do your best and work hard. "Studying hard" means studying hard and encouraging future generations and the world to study hard.
(2) Read aloud the pronunciation.
1, students are free to read aloud
2. The teacher corrects pronunciation and demonstrates reading aloud. Note: For example, for China, Naoto Kan? ? , seamless
3. Students read together.
(3) Unlock a part.
1. Students can translate freely through comments.
2. Key sentences are translated in turn.
The first paragraph:
(1) The ancient scholars were themselves, and they made up for the shortcomings. Scholars nowadays are human beings, but they can speak out.
Key words:
(1) reader: a person who studies.
(2) use: used.
(3) Say: brag about your talents to others.
(4) but: only.
Ancient scholars read for themselves in order to make up for their own shortcomings; Scholars nowadays, for others, will only brag about what they have learned.
(2) Ancient scholars were human beings, and what they did was to benefit the world; Nowadays, scholars are all for themselves, and self-cultivation can make progress.
Key words:
(5) Road: promoting learning.
(6) beneficial to the market: beneficial to society.
(7) Enter: be an official.
In ancient times, scholars read for others and spread their knowledge to benefit the society. Nowadays, scholars seek official positions in order to learn for themselves and improve their self-cultivation.
(3) Confucius and scholars are still planting trees, playing with their flowers in spring and climbing trees in autumn; Talking about articles is also good for spring, and self-cultivation is also good for autumn.
Key words:
China: Straight flush.
(9) Deng: Pass the word "get" and pick it up.
Learning is like planting a tree, enjoying its flowers in spring and picking its fruits in autumn. Discuss articles such as enjoying spring flowers; To improve one's self-cultivation and practice is like picking autumn fruits.
Summary: The first paragraph points out that scholars in ancient and modern times have different learning purposes, and then takes planting trees as a metaphor to clarify that learning is for "cultivating self-cultivation and benefiting others and self-interest".
(4) paragraph meaning induction:
The learning attitudes of ancient people and modern people are compared, and there is a clear distinction between praise and blame. With the metaphor of Chunhua Qiushi, it is pointed out that the purpose of learning is to cultivate self-cultivation and benefit the cause.
Homework: Copy the text, translate and recite.
Second lesson
Teaching objectives:
1. Accumulate the meaning and usage of notional words "Shuo", "Play" and "Deng" in classical Chinese and function words "Zhi", "Yi", "So" and "Ning" in classical Chinese.
With the help of notes and reference books, we can translate the text smoothly and master the content of "hard study".
3. By circling the key words in the article, we can understand the importance of clarifying the learning purpose, correcting the learning attitude and mastering the learning methods, and understand the expression effect of demonstration methods such as comparison and examples.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1. Key point: With the help of notes and reference books, on the basis of reading, accumulate classical Chinese vocabulary and understand sentence meaning, and master the content of "hard study".
2. Difficulties: How does the author use metaphor, contrast, examples and other argumentation methods to make his point of view more convincing.
teaching process
First, check the import.
1, literary common sense
2. Ask questions about the keywords in the first paragraph.
Second, translate the second and third paragraphs of the article.
(4) Life is young and spirit is patented. Think hard and relax when you grow up. Be sure to teach early and don't miss the opportunity.
Key words:
(10) patent: single-minded and keen.
When people are young, their thoughts are single-minded and keen, but when they grow up, their thoughts are easily dispersed, so we should educate them as soon as possible and don't miss the opportunity.
(5) Recite Lingguang Dian Fu at the age of seven. As for today, ten years have passed and I have never forgotten it. Twenty years later, the books I memorized were abandoned and abandoned in January.
When I was seven years old, I recited "Lingguang Dian Fu". Even today, I will never forget once every ten years. After the age of 20, the back sutra was left there for a month, and it was abolished.
(6) However, people have a hurdle? ? If you lose your prime, you still have to study that night.
Key words:
( 1 1)? ? : sleepy, bumpy.
However, people always have troubles, and they lose the opportunity to study in their prime, so they should seize the time to study in their later years.
(7) Young scholars, such as the light of sunrise, old scholars, such as candlelight at night, are still virtuous and have no eyes.
Key words:
(12) Holding candles: holding torches for lighting. Candle: torch.
(13) Close your eyes.
Reference: People who learn from childhood are like walking in front of the sun. People who start learning when they are old are like walking at night with candles in their hands, but they are better than those who can't see anything with their eyes closed.
Conclusion: The second paragraph expounds the best learning age. With examples and comparative arguments, the author should "teach early", and if he doesn't learn early, he should "learn late" and "never leave".
(8) The book of sages, so taught, is a clear practice of scripture, and rough annotations often make words and deeds differ, but it is enough to be a man;
Key words:
(14) So: used for ...
(15) Classics: Confucian classics.
(16) Note: Note the text of the scripture.
The book of saints is used to educate people. As long as you can read the scriptures well, roughly understand the meaning of the notes, and make your words and deeds often helpful, it is enough to be a person;
(9) Why does Zhongli need two pieces of paper and a lecture hall?
Key words:
(1 7) Zhongniju: The text at the beginning of the first chapter of the Book of Filial Piety.
(18) Yan Mian Lecture Hall: There are different interpretations of the classics.
Why do you need to write two pieces of paper to explain the word "Zhongniju"? Does "residence" mean a place of leisure or a place of Xi? What is the basis of the dispute between the two sides?
(10) Is it better to win by this?
Key words:
(19) Ning: No.
If you win by this, what good will it do?
(1 1) Time is a pity, just like lost water.
Time is worth cherishing, just like running water, which is gone forever.
(12) Be a confidential whistleblower and help make meritorious deeds; I can be beautiful at the same time, it doesn't matter.
Key words:
(20) Confidentiality: the essence of books.
(2 1) economy: achievements.
(22) Perfect: There is nothing to criticize. Time: gap, loophole, opportunity.
We should read the main points of this book widely in order to help our cause; If you can have it both ways, there is nothing to criticize.
Conclusion: The third paragraph is about how to treat scripture correctly. The author believes that the key to learning scripture is to "teach by example" and achieve the best of both worlds.
Three. Keyword abstract
"Please say"-Tong Yue. But it can be said that I will only please others with what I have learned.
"Flower"-the same as "flower". Play with its flowers in spring: appreciate its flowers in spring.
"Crawl"-picking and harvesting.
Do something beneficial to the world: practice your knowledge to benefit the society.
Cultivate one's morality and raise one's spirits: strive to cultivate one's morality and raise one's spirits in order to get a high position and high salary.
Hey? ? : sleepy, bumpy.
Patents: single-minded, keen.
So: (1) Reason (2) Used for-.
Unfortunately, it is worth cherishing.
Patent: single-minded and keen
Scholar: (1) Scholar (2) Learning, pause between "zhe" sentences.
Fourth, read the text and understand the content.
1, the three paragraphs selected in this paper "study hard" from different angles. Please summarize what they have studied hard.
The first paragraph: Learning lies in "cultivating one's morality and keeping one's family in order" (the purpose of learning). With the metaphor of Chunhua Qiushi, it is pointed out that the purpose of learning is to cultivate self-cultivation and benefit the cause.
The second paragraph: Learning lies in "early education" and "never giving up". (Learning attitude) Learning must be early, but learning late is not a waste.
The third paragraph: Learning lies in "teaching by example" and "keeping the Expo secret". (Learning method) Treat scripture correctly, teach by example, read books and do things correctly.
2. How can the author make his views more convincing when facing people, educating people and shaping people's scenes?
The first paragraph: comparative argument and figurative argument; The second paragraph: demonstrate with examples and metaphors; The third paragraph: Examples and metaphors.
Fifth, complete the related exercises about "reading".
Six, homework layout:
1, finish extracurricular exercises.
2. Recite the full text.
The third category
Teaching objectives:
1. Consolidate the translation of important classical Chinese words and sentences in the text.
2. Understand the significance of the methods and arguments of comparative reasoning.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1. Consolidate the translation of important classical Chinese words and sentences in the text.
2. Understand the significance of the methods and arguments of comparative reasoning.
teaching process
First, check the import.
1, review the literature knowledge
Step 2 review
First, add some words to explain.
1, make up for the deficiency ()
2, but it can be said that () ()
3. Street ()
4, cultivate one's morality and improve oneself () ()
5. Have fun in spring ()
6. Qiu Deng actually () ()
7, solid early education ()
8, still don't forget ()
9. Abandoned in January ()
10, candlelight at night ()
1 1, so teach ()
12, it's enough to teach by example () ().
13, won ()
14, time is a pity ()
15, the better ()
16, with economic achievements ()
17, I am sweet ()
Second, sentence translation.
1, couple scholars still plant trees, play with their flowers in spring and climb in autumn; Talking about articles is also good for spring, and self-cultivation is also good for autumn.
2, life is young, the spirit is patented, when you grow up, you must teach early and don't miss the opportunity.
3, but people have a hurdle? ? If you lose your prime, you still have to study that night.
4. Young people are like the light of the morning glow, and old people are like holding candles at night, but they are still virtuous and not seen.
5, the book of sages, so set up a teaching, but practice the scriptures clearly, understand the meaning, often make words and deeds, but also be human.
6. Is it better to win by this?
7. Time is a pity, just like lost water.
8. Keep secrets during the Expo to facilitate the cause; I can be beautiful at the same time, it doesn't matter.
9. Scholars nowadays are also human beings, but they can also speak out.
10, ancient scholars are also human beings, and they are also good for the world.
Third, content understanding.
1. The author of this article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (name) of _ _ _ (dynasty). This article is selected from "_ _".
2. The first paragraph of this article begins with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. In the second paragraph of this article, the author recited the seven-year-old "Lingguang Dian Fu" by _ _ _ _ argument, with the purpose of _ _ _ _ _ _:
4. The correct attitude towards sage books advocated in this paper is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.