Necessary equipment for outdoor rock climbing

1, main rope

The most direct danger of rock climbing comes from falling, and the main rope is the most important means to solve this problem. Establish a reliable remote connection between climbers and protectors, or provide a safe and balanced transition for operators.

① Power rope: mainly used for rock climbing. The performance index is diameter: 9.5~ 12mm, commonly used as 10mm or10.5mm. The tensile strength is 22~30kN. Elastic coefficient: 6%~8%. Impact coefficient = falling distance/effective rope length.

② Static rope: mainly used for hole exploration. The performance index is diameter: 9.5~ 12mm, commonly used as 10mm or10.5mm. The tensile strength is 22~30kN. Elastic coefficient: ≈0.

Ropes shall be approved by UIAA. Personal equipment is not allowed to be lent out. Store in a cool and dry place. Check before each use, and check immediately when it is hit by falling rocks. When in use, it is absolutely forbidden to cut horizontally on a sharp rock angle. When in use, don't step on it, drag it or use it as a cushion, so as to prevent sundries and fine sand from staying in the fiber and slowly cut the rope, which is invisible to the naked eye. Avoid contact with oil, alcohol, gasoline, paint, paint solvents and acid-base chemicals. It is forbidden to buy old ropes.

Step 2: Seat belts

Provide comfortable and safe fixation for climbers and protectors.

① Adjustable: used for mountain climbing, ice climbing and rock climbing.

② Non-adjustable: used for personal rock climbing.

Distinguish between up and down, inside and outside, left and right, and don't turn it upside down or twist it. Choose size matching and moderate tightness. The belt must be buckled, and the length of the buckled belt is more than 8 cm. You must check it after putting it on. You can't unfasten your seat belt when climbing a mountain. Equipment rings cannot be used for any form of protection. Try not to buy second-hand goods.

3. Iron lock

Rigid connections are made in the protection system.

① Thread lock: used for a relatively permanent protection point. Longitudinal tension: more than 20kN. Transverse tension: more than 7kN. Opening tension: more than 7kN.

② Simple lock: used for temporary protection points. Longitudinal tension: more than 20kN. Transverse tension: more than 7kN. Opening tension: more than 7kN.

Ensure longitudinal stress. The threaded lock should be tightened when using. Try to avoid falling. If the falling height exceeds 8m, it will be scrapped if it hits a hard object. 4. The lasso connection in the protection system is flexible.

① Mechanical sling: the tensile strength reaches 22kN.

② Runner: The tensile strength varies with the nature of flat belt (or round rope) and the knotting method, so it is difficult to reach 20kN.

5. Elevator (protector)

In the process of protection and descent, the grip strength required by the operator is reduced due to the friction between it and the protective rope.

① "8" ring: the most commonly used descending ring.

② Greeley: Self-locking descent device.

6. Rock climbing shoes

Auxiliary equipment, the sole is made of special rubber, which has great friction. When used, it should be small enough to make the feet feel tight, which can make the feet become a whole and is conducive to exertion.

7. Magnesium powder and powder bag

Auxiliary equipment absorbs sweat from hands and water on the surface of rock wall to increase friction.

Ten skills of outdoor rock climbing

Grasping-mainly refers to grasping the protruding part of the rock by hand.

Digging-refers to digging edges, steps and cracks on the rock surface by hand.

Pull-refers to the forearm clinging to the rock surface, pulling down hard, making the body climb up under the solid fulcrum in front and above.

Support-refers to the use of step cracks or other terrain, using the strength of hands, palms and arms to make the body move upward, or move left and right.

Push-mainly refers to the use of rocks or objects on the side or below to make the body move up or left and right with the strength of hands and arms.

Pedal-refers to supporting the body with the pedal force on the inside of the sole or toe of the skin flap to reduce the load on the upper limbs.

Crossing refers to using one's own flexibility to avoid difficulties and seek a fulcrum that is conducive to climbing.

Hanging-mainly refers to hanging the convex or concave part of the rock surface with toes or heels to keep the body balanced or move.

Pedal-mainly refers to stepping on a large fulcrum under the front of the foot and crawling around to reduce the load on the upper limbs.

Friction-refers to the temporary stability caused by the reasonable angle between the rock shoe and the rock wall, which makes the body move up or left and right.

Matters needing attention in outdoor rock climbing

1. It is very important for yourself and your basic survival to know your reactions and symptoms at high altitude and know more about high altitude and your reactions to these situations. For example, when moving from low altitude to high altitude, people's brains will be deprived of oxygen, which is caused by low air pressure. The most correct way is to move to low altitude areas in time. Giving oxygen to the brain can make you excited, but giving oxygen to the brain can also lead to mental illness.

2. Know your equipment, oxygen and yam. How much oxygen does it take to reach the summit? How many bottles of oxygen are these? How to control the flow? If the operating system fails, what is your backup plan? How do you change cylinders? What if the throttle valve is blocked by ice? What if the ice is caught? How would you feel if you were snow blind? Why is this happening? Why do people with hypothermia take off all their clothes and fold them neatly?

Bad weather may come unexpectedly. Read the weather forecast carefully, make sure you can understand it and seriously consider the weather changes. Without these, the sense of security brought by climbing with a group of climbers is only an illusion.

4. Drink plenty of water. Many plateau cases such as headache, edema and frostbite are often caused by dehydration rather than hypoxia.

Don't worry, hang yourself on the main rope anytime and anywhere. In the technical climbing stage, if it is fixed with old ropes, several main ropes should be hung at the same time. Almost every year, climbers die in the Himalayas because of using old ropes. Check the rock cone and rope at any time. Don't try to climb with a large group of people relying on a rope at the same time.

6. Don't rely too much on the rope. When you are on a slope, climb with your crampons and legs.

7. At the stage without rope protection, players had better tie ropes to protect each other. Learn the ice cone braking technology well. Some climbers don't like being tied to others (if one slips, others will be dragged down). In any case, if you and your partner master the braking technology of the ice cone well, we find it worthwhile to protect each other in the group.

8. Although some methods can help us observe whether there is an avalanche, there are also some skills to dig and survive in an avalanche. But in fact, we have no more ways to deal with avalanches. So avoid climbing after heavy snow, pass through the dangerous area quickly, don't climb the ice waterfall too late in the day, and always be vigilant.

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