1, the definition of investigation time.

The object of this survey is the elderly aged 60 or above by the end of 2003. When collecting information about the elderly over 80 years old, it was the elderly over 80 years old at the end of 2003.

During the investigation, March of 12 was taken as the investigation time of the actual residence. That is, the place where the elderly lived in March of 12, and the investigators should count them as the elderly living there for investigation.

2. Definition of the situation of the elderly in pure elderly families and families with special difficulties.

The elderly in pure elderly families include single elderly people living alone, elderly people living together with two elderly couples, elderly people living together for two or more generations, and other situations in which the actual family members are over 60 years old. In the survey, the definition of pure old family households is mainly determined by actual living conditions rather than household registration. If the elderly actually live separately from their children, but their household registration is not separated, they will still be included in the survey.

The family of the elderly with special difficulties refers to the situation that the elderly live together with adult disabled children, or have the responsibility of guardianship and raising minor grandchildren.

Third, Shanghai's existing experience of providing for the elderly in pure old-age families.

In different communities in Shanghai, they have some good experiences and practices to help old families or elderly people with difficulties to improve their quality of life.

(1) Let the elderly and children of pure old families shoulder their due responsibilities.

Community elderly non-governmental organizations sign letters of responsibility for care with elderly children, and implement the responsibility of caring for children.

The affection of children is irreplaceable, and children are the first responsible person to support the elderly. For the pure old family elderly whose children are in the city, district, town and community, under the coordination of the community elderly association, the children's responsibility book is signed, and the children promise to implement the care responsibility. The contents include greeting at least once a day, visiting in turn once a week, shopping once every two months, bathing and hairdressing once a month, and cleaning at home every quarter. If children have difficulties in self-care, they can also entrust others and volunteers of the elderly association to take care of them, or implement nanny service and hourly service according to needs and actual conditions.

For the elderly whose children live alone in other places or abroad, the children shall implement the responsibility system of care, and on this basis, they may entrust others to take care of them.

This is the "watch responsibility letter" adopted by the elderly and children of pure old families in Putuo District, Shanghai. At present, the signing rate of elderly people living alone and their children in this area is 40%.

Pudong New Area in Shanghai has also proposed to build a "five-star network to help the elderly", requiring children to call the elderly at least once every 1-2 days to get the latest information of the elderly at the first time and install emergency call assistance equipment for the elderly in need. Visit the elderly once a week or two, chat with their parents, help them do some housework, and let the elderly feel the warmth of the family. Care about cold and warm measures for the elderly in winter and summer, check water, electricity and coal facilities.

Zhabei District of Shanghai put forward the framework of "safety, care and warmth". Through coordination, all kinds of community service resources for the elderly will be organized into a network, and linkage services will be implemented for the elderly in pure elderly families.

(2) Relying on the organization of community elderly associations, give full play to the role of community volunteers in helping the elderly in pure elderly families.

1, community volunteers and the elderly make a pair commitment.

The Community Association for the Elderly recruits community volunteers to help elderly people living alone in need, and at the same time signs a commitment letter of volunteer service for the elderly. Volunteers who help the elderly provide services for the elderly free of charge. It mainly includes: visiting or calling the elderly every day; According to the requirements of the elderly, provide spiritual comfort services for the elderly once a week; Help the elderly do what they can, such as buying food or daily necessities by the way; Volunteers should report to the community elderly association in time if they find that the elderly have abnormal conditions.

This is another measure of the "Watch Project" in Putuo District, Shanghai: the pledge of pairing volunteers with the elderly from pure old families.

2, adopt the incentive system of reward points, organize community volunteers.

The community implements points reward measures for volunteers who volunteer to serve the elderly in pure old families. The community implements points according to service time, service quality and service content. When the accumulated points reach a certain amount, volunteers can go to the service center in their community, use the service points to make some consumption behaviors to cash in, and get a considerable honorary title. Such reward points measures ensure the long-term and durability of community volunteer service.

This is an incentive measure for community volunteer service points initiated by Dongming Road Community in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in the "Five-Star Network for Helping the Elderly" and promoted for the whole region. This is the first one in Shanghai community.

(3) Set up special managers (assistants) for the elderly in the pure elderly families in the community, and combine the community service for the elderly with the government's measures to expand employment.

Senior administrators are set up in pure old families, relying on the elderly life care service agencies and community elderly associations in the community, and are fully responsible for the care and service of the elderly in pure old families. These administrators must be familiar with the situation of elderly people living alone in the community and be responsible for the recruitment and deployment of volunteers. For elderly people who live alone with service needs, help them to contact and provide good services, conduct regular home visits to key clients, and take timely measures when abnormal situations are found to enhance the sense of life security of elderly people in pure old families.

In order to establish such a long-term management mechanism for the elderly in pure old families, senior managers who are employed in pure old families enjoy the preferential policies of the current government for the employment of ten thousand people.

This is the practice of Jing 'an District and Pudong New Area in Shanghai.

(four) the elderly groups with special difficulties are funded by the government's public finance.

For example, Jing 'an District of Shanghai began to implement the "Golden Cane" program in this year's Double Ninth Festival, so that the elderly can get nearby, convenient and high-quality services as needed as long as they hold the "Golden Cane" service card for helping the elderly.

These old people are all old people with special difficulties. For example, "Golden Cane" provides certain living expenses and medical expenses for 100 elderly people with living difficulties throughout the year; Provide 2 hours of daily life care for 200 elderly people who are only children over 80 years old, whose monthly income is below a certain standard and can't take care of themselves; Install electronic emergency pagers for 2000 elderly people with special difficulties. * * * service project 13, and the required funds are funded by the government.

(five) the establishment of dynamic management of the community pure elderly family information database.

At present, Shanghai, districts and counties, streets (towns) and neighborhood committees (villagers' committees) have established four-level data databases for elderly people living alone. The database is continuously improved and updated once a year. On the basis of mastering the latest data of elderly people living alone, it provides reference for formulating preferential policies for elderly people living alone (pure old family elderly) in the future.

(six) there are emergency plans for emergencies faced by the elderly.

In order to prevent the elderly from getting timely assistance after an accident, there are several brands of emergency call facilities in Shanghai to facilitate the elderly to choose. For example, Ankang Pager, Sunshine Pager, and mobile and Unicom positioning mobile phones all realize networking services. When the elderly encounter an emergency, as long as the call button is pressed, the service terminal will locate the elderly in time and respond in the shortest time, so as to avoid and reduce the harm caused to the elderly due to untimely rescue. At the same time, these call systems can also provide other paid services for the elderly in their daily lives.

When community volunteers or neighbors suspect that the elderly have abnormal conditions, they make a series of plans. Including the fastest contact plan with fire departments, police, children and community leaders.

Four basic principles of community pension for pure elderly families

Summing up these experiences, we believe that the following four basic principles should be paid attention to in helping and caring for the elderly in pure elderly families:

(A) the combination of children and social assistance. Mainly to make the whole society realize that children are the first responsible person to take care of the elderly. On this basis, other people in society will take care of the elderly.

(2) The combination of general concern and key pairing. Among the elderly living alone, there are also key groups with difficulties, which should be paid special attention to. When necessary, the government is the main person in charge of these vulnerable groups.

(3) The combination of tangible pairing and intangible pairing. One-on-one pairing is a traditional form of helping the elderly. However, this form is not necessarily suitable for all the elderly and their families. Therefore, invisible pairing means that residents around the elderly, such as neighbors and community volunteers, take care of their lives to a certain extent.

(four) the principle of voluntary declaration of the service needs of the elderly in pure elderly families.

Care and help for the elderly in pure elderly families should aim at respecting their wishes, depending on the specific situation. In this regard, the principle of voluntary declaration is adopted and then verified by relevant departments.

This is the 26th year that Shanghai has entered an aging society. The aging population constantly puts forward new and higher requirements for the government and society in management. The demand for life care and spiritual comfort of the elderly in pure elderly families has always been an urgent problem to be solved. In 2003, the Shanghai Municipal Government issued the Notice on Carrying out Home-based Care for the Aged in an All-round Way, aiming at enabling the elderly to get better care in familiar communities and improving their quality of life.

At present, some communities in Shanghai have made full use of social resources, created a trinity operation mode of government, community units, volunteers and families, and adopted a mode of combining paid services provided by entity management with free services provided by social resources to solve some of the difficulties of the elderly in pure old families. The improvement of the quality of life of the elderly needs many factors, such as how to implement government policies in the community to the maximum extent and how to give full play to the ability of volunteers to take care of the elderly living alone. These are all issues worthy of further discussion.

(Author: Shanghai Aging Science Research Center)