Zhouqu County, located in the south of Gansu Province, is known as "Little Jiangnan" in Gannan. Its territory is criss-crossed with mountains and rivers, rich in water plants, with an area of 3,009.18 square kilometers, a total population of134,700, with Tibetans accounting for 32.67%, belonging to the humid climate of the northern subtropical continent. Rich natural conditions have given birth to a long and splendid history and culture. The ancestors of Zhouqu flourished in this beautiful and rich land, created their own unique folk culture, and continued to develop, forming today's colorful folk culture and promoting the initial prosperity of Zhouqu folk culture.
Local children are deeply influenced and infected by these local cultures in the surrounding environment, and have a strong interest in exploring this. Therefore, under the guidance of "Regulations on Kindergarten Work" and "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education", we should fully tap the excellent local culture from reality, take the development of children as the foundation, fully consider the characteristics, interests, abilities and needs of children, start with promoting local culture, inspiring national spirit and improving national cognition, stimulate children's feelings of loving their hometown, pay attention to cultivating children's national pride, and let children sprout and feel interest in local culture. Enlighten children's awareness of creating local culture, and through continuous study and exploration with children, create a series of children's songs, dances and rhythm music based on Zhouqu folk life. At the same time, the kindergarten-based curriculum with local cultural and educational characteristics has been continuously explored, constructed and optimized, and initial results have been achieved.
1. Series of papers (1): Let children enter the colorful world of local folk songs.
Singing is an activity that every child likes. When they are in a good mood, they will hum songs to themselves. Singing is the easiest artistic activity for children to express, express and communicate. Hungarian music educator Kodaly spoke highly of the role and value of singing. He thinks that singing is the easiest way to get close to music and the easiest way to express thoughts and feelings. With the foundation of singing, we can develop a higher level of music education. Singing is a practical and effective way to popularize music education.
However, any art form comes from life. Traditional art is the crystallization of the wisdom of every nation, the most precious cultural resource, which children can feel and touch in their lives. Therefore, we bring local music materials into singing teaching, which are closely related to life and full of vitality. Children learn in their familiar national culture, which has a great power to touch their hearts and emotions. In this way, emotional education is not empty and abstract. The infection of art permeates children's hearts and subtly cultivates their noble sentiments, good hobbies, civilized behaviors and national spirit.
1. 1 Create a good music education environment and stimulate children's interest in local music. The purpose of children's local music education activities is not to train musicians, but to let children cultivate their temperament and character in interesting folk music teaching activities, and gradually understand and understand local folk music. We have carefully selected some excellent, healthy and positive folk songs, and infiltrated them into children's singing teaching activities, so that children can deeply appreciate the charm of folk art. We pay attention to educating children through the environment, so we have created a corresponding environment for children to see, hear, touch and feel, so that the objects they get are intuitive, vivid and concrete, and their impressions will be deeper and they will be more likely to have a desire to learn.
At the same time, some CDs and tapes were recorded to organize children to enjoy freely during recess. Because these music materials are taken from the children's side, everyone's interest is particularly high. For example, when you enjoy the song "Niu, you and I have made good friends", the atmosphere in the classroom becomes active. Several boys performed scenes such as plowing and shouting cows, and the children discussed some skills of cows they had seen. In just a few minutes, some children can basically hum songs, and a casual appreciation has exceeded the expected effect.
On the wall around the music activity room, we arranged stickers. For example, costumes of ethnic minorities, schematic diagrams of ethnic dances, and illustrations with plots. And established the local national music area, as well as the headdress, belt and string of the Zhouqu nationality. Was placed. Through children's appreciation, communication, teasing, etc. They felt the beauty of folk music and gradually became interested in local music. Through "listening" and "watching", folk music has taken root in children's hearts, aroused their interest in local music and produced a strong desire to learn local music.
1.2 adopt lively and interesting activities to encourage children to learn actively. Chen Heqin, a Chinese child educator, pointed out: "Children are naturally active and take games as their life." Games are children's basic activities. So we use vivid games to teach children to learn folk songs naturally in lively and interesting music.
Take the song "Red Light Festival" as an example. In Zhouqu, the 19th day of the first month is a festival similar to the China New Year. Every village dresses up its own "mother-in-law" (bodhisattva), and then carries a sedan chair at night and parades the streets according to the ranking of "mother-in-law". By hanging purses, red robes, and sedan chairs, the general public congratulated the good weather in the past year and prayed for all the best in the coming year. That night, the streets and alleys of Zhouqu were covered with pine sheds, and the top and sides of the pine shed were covered with all kinds of lanterns, and the colorful lanterns complemented each other, making the town as bright as day. "Red Light Festival" is the scene of singing Zhouqu traditional Lantern Festival on the 19th day of the first month. When the teacher took out some photos taken on the 19th night of the first month, the feeling of being there had excited the children, and then guided them to enjoy the song "Raise the Red Lantern" on the CD, which fully stimulated their desire to learn to sing. Because this song comes from children's lives, the teacher made a lot of preparation and inspiration before the activity, and the children were interested in learning and sang lively and interesting.
Teachers' language also plays an important role in teaching. Whether the language used by the teacher is vivid is directly proportional to the children's perception and acceptance of music. For example, when the children were learning the song "Please Come to Zhouqu again", the teacher told the story of the antiquity of Cuifeng Mountain in a mysterious tone, the beauty of Laga Mountain in a proud tone and expression, and the scene of people sending flowers and offering Hada to guests in Zhouqu in a warm tone. This guides children to feel the ups and downs of music. Because children understand the emotions in songs, they naturally integrate their love for their hometown and welcome distant guests to Zhouqu into singing.
1.3 organically combine local songs with theme activities and flexibly choose folk songs. Zhouqu local folk songs have various forms, which expand the content of children's music performances. The richness of folk songs provides rich materials for children's singing teaching. Every semester, we have to carry out various theme activities, and at the same time choose the corresponding folk songs according to each theme, which has received good results.
For example, during the National Day in the fall semester of 2007, teaching and singing the song "Laga Shanzhai" strengthened children's love for their hometown and yearning for a better life, thus sublimating their love for the motherland. In the theme activity of "Spring Girl Comes" held in the fourth week of the spring semester in 2008, the teacher learned the Zhouqu folk song "Flying a Kite". The teacher guided the children to observe the scene of spring through conversation: the willows sprouted, the flowers bloomed, the grass turned green, and the children all flew kites on the playground ... Then they showed the kite-flying fragments in Zhouqu's "Shehuo" to help the children understand the lyrics and feel the beautiful tunes, and guide the children to fully appreciate Zhouqu spring.
In the process of accepting folk songs, children are limited by their own understanding level, and they can't fully understand folk songs for the time being, nor can they fully understand all the connotations conveyed to them by folk songs. However, these contents and forms with strong national artistic flavor, accompanied by the national spirit infiltrated by singing, have planted the seeds of simple patriotism in their young hearts and played a subtle role in their future growth.
2. Series of papers (2): The infiltration of local folk dance in children's dance teaching.
Dance education is an important part of children's music art education and an ideal way to educate children aesthetically. In the process of learning dance, children can not only be trained in the coordination and flexibility of movements, but also cultivate and develop their thinking ability. In the long river of local culture, folk dance always shines with magical charm.
Zhouqu County is a remote county in the northwest of China. Folk dance art with Tibetan characteristics has a long history and various forms. It is the most straightforward and sincere expression of Zhouqu customs and people's thoughts and feelings. It contains profound national cultural connotations, proclaiming the national character of self-love, self-confidence and self-improvement of Zhouqu people and the national charm of simplicity, diligence and optimism. In all kinds of dance arts, national dance is both the source and the stream. Without learning and inheritance, there will be no development, and folk dance with ornamental artistic connotation can not only satisfy children's understanding and understanding of their hometown culture, but also meet their aesthetic needs.
Therefore, in kindergartens, we fully tap some excellent local folk dance materials suitable for young children, and take stimulating children's interest in folk dance art as the starting point to popularize local folk dance culture to the majority of young children, which has won unanimous praise from parents and society.
2. 1 Feel the local folk dance culture in daily life. Music is the soul of dance. Zhouqu's folk dance music is lively, rhythmic and cheerful, and children like it very much. Bright emotional colors are easy to infect young children and cause them to sing emotionally. Rhythmic melody often causes children's action response, and they can't help beating time, shaking their bodies or doing actions with the music. Therefore, we often organize children to watch and participate in some folk cultural activities in Zhouqu, and use the time before and after breakfast to play some cheerful and beautiful folk dance music in Zhouqu, and explain the content of the music and the thoughts and feelings expressed, with typical national movements, and tell the children the meaning expressed by these movements, so that children can initially feel the local dance art in their hometown.
For example, during the winter vacation, make full use of social and family education resources, stimulate children and parents to watch the "social fire" series of activities in Zhouqu Spring Festival, and organize children to boldly tell or perform what they have seen and heard in the new semester. One of the big class children named Yang can not only sing the song "Shehuo"-"Carrying Water" completely, but also perform the action of carrying water vividly. At the same time, we also organized children to watch some pictures of Zhouqu folk stories and folk dances. These vivid folklore and unique and simple dances are all produced in the soil of Zhouqu people's life. They used Zhouqu people's own aesthetics to show the children a vivid picture of the life of Zhouqu ancestors.
Rich local dance music broadens children's horizons, and colorful local music methods attract children's attention. Constant and lasting music edification has greatly increased children's interest in local folk dances and stimulated children's interest in learning and exploring local culture.
2.2 Learning local folk dance culture in educational activities. With the initial experience in daily life and some knowledge that children have come into contact with in the community, it is much easier for children to learn local folk dances. We go deep into the folk, collect a large number of dance music materials suitable for local national culture, and select some dance music materials suitable for children's age, easy to understand and acceptable to children, which not only maintains the original style of local national dance, but also suits children's characteristics. When learning local folk dances, we should adopt a step-by-step method, that is, first learn the most typical movements in folk dances, such as shaking the knees in Kite Flying, flying kites by stepping flat, playing strings and carrying water in Pot Village, etc. With these movements, we can easily learn to complete the dance.
For example, learning the local folk dance "Dodi Pot", children learn the legend of "Dodi Pot" in daily contact, feel the wisdom and kindness of young Zhahai and young Dama, and hate the shame of the king. They yearn for the beautiful scene of people picking flowers, singing and dancing, sending good luck to each other, wishing health and advocating peace on the fifth day of May. Understand the thoughts and feelings of Zhouqu people who love their hometown and live a happy new life. When teaching basic movements, we remind children to imagine green cedars and white loquat flowers; Beautiful flowers, green grasslands, Tibetan boys and girls wearing beautiful clothes, singing and dancing, sending flowers to each other. When asking children to do actions, they should be stretched, cheerful and enthusiastic. And watch the disc, enjoy the dance "Dodi Pot" again, and encourage children to show their actions boldly. After being inspired, and the children have mastered the basic movements such as holding flowers and playing strings in their daily lives, the children got the message, the movements also met the requirements, and the classroom atmosphere became active. Learned the basic movements, and then put the movements through, combined with children's understanding of the dance content, a complete finished dance, children easily learned.
2.3 Performing local folk dances in creative activities. Through the preparation of the last two links, the children have basically mastered the action characteristics of Zhouqu national dance. Zhouqu folk dance has inexhaustible wealth. Once accepted by children, it is bound to be closely related to their lives and their interests. At this time, teachers can guide children to create dance movements, which can fully explore their potential and cultivate their imagination, creativity and expressiveness. When children sing their favorite songs, they can't help putting the movements they have mastered into the songs, singing and dancing to express their inner feelings.
For example, after learning the Zhouqu folk song "Laga Shanzhai", we asked the children in the class to express the content of the song with actions. Therefore, the children actively raised their hands to participate in the creative performance, and finally expressed the content of the song completely and appropriately by picking flowers, holding flowers and carrying baskets down the mountain. Another example is the dance "Please come to Zhouqu again", which was originally a Protestant dance class. Changed to a creative class, and the children were very enthusiastic. After being reminded, on the premise of accumulating previous movements, the children used the upper limbs to hold flowers, offer flowers, lean on the steps, play the strings and other actions to show the joyful scene of Zhouqu people loving labor and offering flowers to distant visitors, which achieved the expected goal. Because this is the child's own creation, the child's performance interest is high. After finishing, the dance "Please come to Zhouqu again" created by children has been designated as the morning exercises for children in Zhouqu County kindergarten.
2.4 In the process of appreciation, we found the characteristics of local folk dances. With the practice of feeling, learning and performance, children will further master the level of local folk dance. The best way to review is to let them appreciate some excellent local folk dance works and find the action material and nationality of the dance works. An excellent folk dance work has two characteristics: on the one hand, it is based on the original appearance of people's life, from which it extracts rich action images; On the other hand, it involves the national dance culture, and creates a rhythmic language with local characteristics, which makes the work interesting and has its own attributes. Children's mind is a broad and transparent crystal with infinite plasticity. Let children learn and appreciate local national dance works, not only to let children have their own national attributes or their own glory, but most importantly, it is also a way of "educating people", which can not only let children know their own national characteristics from an early age, but also cultivate their beautiful feelings of loving national dance art from an early age.
Combined with the special activities of "Harmonious Zhouqu, Vigorous Zhouqu, Safe Zhouqu, Developing Zhouqu, Charming Zhouqu and Rich Zhouqu" in Zhouqu County, the dance "Harvest Flower Whip" was created while educating children to love their hometown, beautify their hometown and enhance their awareness of environmental protection. During the appreciation, the children found that the dance movements in it were mostly the reappearance of the people's working conditions. The dance is lively in rhythm, artistic conception, clear in composition and flexible in arrangement. When the flower whip is waved on the stage, the children's cheerful heart, excited heart and joyful experience are fully revealed. At the same time, combined with the kink of foreign dance, the rhythm of Zhouqu nationality and the form of imported dance are naturally and appropriately integrated, which has both national characteristics and modern feeling. It is both regional and fashionable, giving children a cordial and fresh feeling. By enjoying flying kites, cows, making friends with me, red lantern festival and so on. Arousing children's awareness of local dances, Zhouqu folk dance is subtly rooted in children's young hearts, sowing the seeds of hope for the healthy development of local ethnic groups.
It can be seen that the infiltration of local folk dance into children dance not only inherits and develops local folk dance, but also stimulates children's feelings of loving their hometown, labor, motherland and peace, so that children can develop in an all-round way in the natural environment. Although this requires the careful research and patient exploration of the instructor, the bright and sincere smiles of the children are our greatest gain and joy.
3. Series of papers (3): The development of folk music in children's percussion activities.
Music is an art that moves with time. Everything that moves in time has rhythm, and rhythm is their essential feature. In music, there can be music with no exact pitch, such as various drum music and folk percussion music, but there is no "music" without rhythm. It can be said that rhythm is the "skeleton" of music and the most basic musical element. Why do children who have never learned anything spontaneously follow the music? It is because people's life itself has rich rhythm forms, and rhythm is the most direct and closely related to people's psychology among various elements of music. Rhythm is a vital element, and the perception of rhythm is human instinct.
Zhouqu folk music is rich in content and diverse in forms. It comes from working life, integrates the characteristics of various ethnic groups in Zhouqu, and covers a variety of musical expressions. However, at present, in children's teaching, the form of music activities we carry out is single, there are few music materials suitable for children, and the cultivation of children's musical ability is limited. The integration of various forms and genres of Zhouqu folk music into children's percussion activities can just make up for this deficiency. Easy to enter the child's heart, be understood and accepted by the child, and easy to collect and use.
3. 1 Learn about local characteristic musical instruments and cultivate musical interest. The cultivation of children's artistic perception and creativity is long-term, and it is developed by participating in countless artistic activities in an environment full of artistic atmosphere. Rhythmic activities are children's favorite activities. In view of this feature, on the one hand, we conduct rhythm training by clapping hands, patting legs and stepping on feet, on the other hand, we provide some local percussion instruments for children to guide them to feel the fun and beauty of rhythm activities in rhythmic body movements and musical instrument performance activities.
In the music activity room, set the attack angle, guide children to fiddle with rhythm instruments, get familiar with the sound quality and timbre of rhythm instruments, help children distinguish the characteristics and performance of various instruments from the activities of beating rhythm instruments, and guide children to explore and beat the rhythm themselves. During the activity, we pay attention to observe and understand what musical instruments children like, and what kind of rhythm and sound they like. In order to make children use various rhythmic instruments better, teachers encourage them to listen more, practice more and feel more. For example, when learning what musical instruments are singing, prepare oral strings, triangle iron, bamboo chopsticks, cymbals, horns, drums and bamboo boards, and let children practice rhythm with these instruments. Let children feel the sound quality and timbre of Zhouqu characteristic instruments through practice; Through rhythm training, combined with the characteristics of these instruments, their sensitivity, expressiveness and hobbies to music rhythm activities are cultivated.
Music permeates children's daily life and plays a positive role in their development. We encourage children to pay attention to the details of life. For example, heavy rain and light rain can let children know some common musical instruments-string bells, tambourines, sand pipes, and the sound of birds and the running water of rivers can let children know local musical instruments-mouth strings, bamboo boards and so on. Then guide the children to choose instruments suitable for heavy rain and light rain, and choose instruments suitable for bird sound and underwater sound. This can not only let children express their feelings about nature through singing and small musical instruments, but also learn through exploration.
3.2 Familiar with music and improve children's interest in percussion. Percussion instruments are based on music, and listening to music is an extremely important part. Zhouqu folk music is based on folk materials and reflects the children's surrounding life. First, we guide children to understand the content of songs. This can not only broaden children's knowledge, but also cultivate children's ability to use their hands and brains in combination with the content of songs, help children understand and feel the emotions of songs, and improve the interest and expressiveness of percussion. Then, encourage children to listen carefully, feel the nature, strength, speed, rhythm and paragraph of music, clap their hands with music on the basis of listening to music, and gradually get familiar with music.
For example, when learning Harvest Year, we should first guide children to look at pictures, and then gradually tell the story that the ancestors of Zhouqu picked up pots and pans and sang and danced to celebrate every harvest in order to express their inner joy and happiness, which has been developed to the present music Harvest Year. Encourage children to choose musical instruments boldly, beat the rhythm with the music and express their inner joy. When learning Zhouqu Yangko, some children will hum softly because the melody is familiar to everyone. After encouragement, the children boldly picked up cymbals, gongs, drums and other musical instruments and began to play rhythm for music, with rising interest.
3.3 Play musical instruments with music and experience the fun of participating in activities. Zhouqu folk music activities are rich and colorful, and the educational content is rich and colorful, which promotes the all-round development of children's good personality. A large number of healthy and interesting songs in folk music provide a way for children to cultivate good personality. In percussion activities, withdrawn children become lively. Because of paying attention to letting children perform boldly in front of groups, being timid and not good at acting has enhanced their self-confidence.
For example, on June 1 2007, the children in the big class performed the percussion "Dodi Pot". Because Dodi Pot is a traditional folk song in Zhouqu, its dance form is also familiar to children. In the process of children's study and rehearsal, some timid children struggle to participate in performances and put on costumes, so they become confident little performers. In the performance, the children tasted the joy of success and laid the foundation for the children to form a lively and cheerful good character.
Because folk music comes from life and is suitable for all ages, it deeply attracts children and stimulates their interest in learning music. Children are always interested in learning rhythm and creating patterns. As long as they are free, they will pick up musical instruments and beat the rhythm, sometimes while discussing. Because folk music is rich in content, from singing, jumping to knocking and playing, it enriches the content of music activities, and children get more practical opportunities, thus further improving their comprehensive ability. Through teaching, children not only have a preliminary understanding and mastery of some local music, but also enhance their interest in music, achieving the goal of "starting from listening, moving in it, stimulating emotions and cultivating quality".