1. Developmental characteristics of 0- 1 year-old infants.
0- 1 year-old baby is in sensorimotor stage. Through the coordination of sensory function and movement, they can not only know their own bodies, but also accumulate cognitive experience of the external environment. Therefore, at this stage, they should focus on sensory stimulation to strengthen their self-awareness and the maturity and growth of sensory application ability.
1, field of view.
Things with obvious lines, simple lines and obvious color contrast (black and white) can stimulate the baby's vision and promote the growth and connection of brain axons.
2. Listening.
Avoid listening to music with too strong or exciting sound waves, and give priority to music with stable rhythm and clear rhythm, such as classical music or various songs, in order to establish the baby's sense of music and relieve the baby's mood.
3. Taste.
Food for babies should be original and light, and avoid foods with too strong a taste.
4. touch.
Give your baby more touch and massage, strengthen its sensory training, and increase the nerve connection and information transmission in the brain, which can enhance your baby's learning ability and improve the reaction speed. In addition, "crawling" is very important for the baby's sensory integration, body balance and language development, so try to let him crawl.
Second, the critical period of 0- 1 year-old baby's intellectual development.
1, 0-3 months: turnover period.
In the first three months after the baby is born, parents will find that he doesn't like lying flat on the bed. He should try to change his attitude and get to know the world from more directions. Parents can often tease their babies from different directions and let them turn over skillfully. Maybe at the beginning, the baby turned over and couldn't pull it out. Parents can give some help, slowly train the baby to take his hands off, turn over skillfully and choose his posture freely, so as to lay the foundation for further activities.
2, 3-6 months: confinement period.
After prone training, the muscle strength of the baby's neck, forearm, waist and other parts is gradually enhanced, and there are more and more requirements for changing posture. Try to pull the baby up at this time.
3, 6-8 months: crawling period.
Mountain climbing is an important activity of the baby, which is very beneficial to his growth. It is beneficial to exercise the strength of the baby's neck muscles, arms and wrists, and to eat and write with a spoon in the future. In addition, when crawling, the upper and lower limbs need to participate together, and the movements should be coordinated, which is conducive to exercising the baby's coordination ability and enhancing the flexibility of the movements. Mountain climbing is also beneficial to the development of baby's bones and nerve organs. When the baby's movements are obviously uncoordinated, it can find the baby's health problems as soon as possible.
Six months after birth is the key age for babies to learn to chew and feed dry food. After eating dry food for a month, they can reach for something. After this critical age, babies may refuse to chew and spit out food from their mouths.
9 months after birth to 1 year is the beginning of distinguishing quantity and size.
Third, the principle of intelligence development of 0- 1 year-old baby.
1, it is better to know more people than words.
Some mothers don't like to take their babies out, and often let them learn Chinese characters at home, thinking that this will help improve their memory. Actually, it's not. Chinese characters are mostly hieroglyphics. Babies can recognize words through graphic memory, and different faces of people are also different graphics. If a baby can distinguish different people, he must remember this face, which is the same as literacy. Distinguishing the faces of different people requires careful observation and strong resolution. If the baby has the ability to recognize people, then on the other hand, his reading and writing will become much easier, which is actually a multiplier.
2. Sports ability affects intellectual development.
Sports ability has an influence on baby's intelligence. /kloc-the intelligence of babies under 0/year old is mainly reflected in their behavioral ability. For example, 1 month baby, some can hold their heads up for more than ten seconds, and some can only hold on for a few seconds, then the later baby's motor development will be slower, which may have a negative impact on skills learning in future intellectual development. Some parents lack the awareness of training their babies regularly, and it is actually harmful to hold their babies in their arms all day to prevent them from exercising.