1, the cultivation of observation ability.

(1) Observe the characteristics of things

(1) is relatively long. You can also draw a line on the paper and teach your child to compare the length. You can also compare pants and shorts, long-sleeved shirts and short-sleeved shirts, long pencils and short pencils, long stools and small square stools.

② It is relatively thick. Let the children take the small picture book, and you take the thicker one. Compared with children, say "My book is thicker than yours". Your book is thinner than mine. Then, encourage children to find a thicker book, let them say everything above, then you find a thicker book, and so on. You can play backwards in the future, "My book is thinner than yours." "Your book is thicker than mine." This game can also be used to compare quilts, clothes and other items.

③ Comprehensive comparison. Guide children to be good at finding differences in similar things and similarities in different things, so as to cultivate children's observation and comparison ability.

(2) Develop children's attention. Teach children to follow the instructions of adults and concentrate on completing a thing or a game. The more specific the adult prompt task, the easier it is to attract children's attention and clarify the purpose of attention. When children finish their homework, adults can continue to help, praise and encourage their correct behavior and praise their achievements. Competition can be used to stimulate children's enthusiasm and encourage them to concentrate.

2, the cultivation of memory

(1) Use games to cultivate memory. Put some toys that children are familiar with, such as small animals, cars, balls and so on. On the table, ask the children to name the toys, and then cover the toys with a piece of cloth. Adults take out a toy from under the lid, then open the lid and show the children what toys are missing. You can also put several circles on the ground, and put a small animal toy in each circle to represent the home of small animals. Then let the children remember the location of each animal's home and invite the small animals out to play. Finally, let the children send the small animals back to their "homes" one by one-that is, their original positions.

(2) Image memory. Let the children look at a picture of several animals and finish it in a certain period of time. It can be longer at first, and gradually reduce the time of watching. Then take the picture away and let the children tell which animals are in the picture. If the child doesn't remember much, he can also be taught to use some memory methods, for example, which ones have wings and can fly?

(3) Cultivate children's memory in daily life. If children come back from playing, let them remember what they played, who they met, where they passed, and so on. In daily life, children can also be asked to do what adults say in order, and gradually they can be guided to do more things in turn through language.

3. Cultivation of thinking ability.

(1) Learn to count and understand the concept of quantity.

(2) Use language to promote thinking. Children develop intuitive and concrete thinking in diversified activities, have simple judgment and reasoning ability, and learn to compare and summarize various objects or phenomena simply. And determine the connection between them. You can often use "why?" "Where is it?" "For what?" "What should I do?" Wait, guide the child to think.

(3) Cultivate children's ability to solve problems. Let children anticipate the outcome of things, so as to teach them to think, reason and learn what to do, such as how to keep the sorbet in their hands. Let children anticipate the outcome of things before doing experiments.

4. Cultivation of imagination and creativity.

(1) role game. With the increase of age and the strengthening of cognitive ability, children can gradually understand and imitate the relationship between people. At this time, children can be guided to play role-playing games, so that children can pay attention to the characteristics of roles in real life and enrich their game plots. For example, how do bus conductors work when observing buses? Go to the barber's to get a haircut, observe the barber's every move, and so on.

(2) painting. After the child can draw some lines and shapes, adults can guide the child to compare what he has drawn with the real thing, so that the child will be more interested in imagination and composition in painting.

(3) music. Cultivate children's ability to listen to and appreciate music. Teach children to understand the content of songs, feel the thoughts and feelings of songs, ask children to express their inner feelings with songs when singing, and imagine the musical image provided by songs, thus stimulating children's imagination.

Second, the cultivation of sports ability.

1, practice standing on one leg, and alternate training of both feet to balance the strength of both lower limbs. At first, the child may have to hold people and things to lift one foot, and gradually train the child to stand on one foot for a few seconds without relying on people and things, and gradually train the child to stand on one foot 10 seconds. You can encourage children in the form of competitions, so that children can gradually stabilize their one-legged support.

2. High jump and long jump practice. You can put a piece of paper or draw two lines on the ground and ask your child not to step on the paper or line when jumping forward. Adjust the width or two lines of paper to train children to jump forward. You can also train children to jump high. You can set an obstacle with a certain height on the ground, such as a book or a brick, so that children can jump over it and gradually increase the difficulty. For example, adding a book or a brick will make them taller. Or put two books or two bricks flat to make them wider and let the children practice. Pay attention to the safety of children and give them proper protection.

3. Develop the ability of action coordination. Clay sculpture and collage can not only develop the dexterity of children's hand movements, but also promote their imagination and creativity. Teach children to rub, knead, press, roll and pinch, and shape the images of various objects and people on this basis. Parents can give appropriate guidance and help, learn from easy images, develop children's imagination and creativity, and improve their ability of hands-on creation. Three-wheeled stroller is the favorite toy for children of this age. Riding a tricycle not only strengthens children's physique, but also cultivates their good habit of being bold and cautious. It can also train children's coordination, agility and good reaction ability, and help them understand traffic common sense.

Third, the cultivation of habits and life ability.

Teach children to dress themselves, know the front and back of clothes, try to dress well and buckle simply. When undressing, unbutton yourself first, and then undress. You can use some loose coats to let the children practice first. Generally, children learn to take off their clothes first, and then learn to wear clothes. Also teach children to try to put on their own shoes. Teach children to express clearly that they need to urinate, train them to take off their pants and squat in the basin or go to the toilet, teach them how to keep their pants clean, and teach them to go to the toilet before going to bed at noon and at night.

Fourth, the cultivation of social communication ability.

1, communicate with people. Children can be taught to play group role games with other children, and through this game, children can be trained to establish relationships with their peers. When guiding children to play role games, parents can help children to assign roles in the game, teach children how to abide by the obligations of roles, understand the communication and contact between people in role games, and enrich their life experiences. For example, a child who plays a nurse should talk to the children gently, give them toys and coax them to play, while a child who plays a nursery should listen to the "nurse" carefully.

2. Develop language skills. Encourage children to say something by themselves, such as "What did you do today?" "What did you see in the park?" Let him retell the story and tell what is depicted in the picture. Teach children to remember their parents' names, home addresses, parents' occupations, units, their ages, etc.

3. Cultivate children's good moral quality and emotion. Children's moral evaluation ability is formed under the influence of adults. At first, they often just repeat the views of their parents or teachers, and then slowly learn to analyze independently. Educate children to be polite, United and friendly, respect their elders, respect teachers, love the motherland, love labor, be honest and kind, and be compassionate. Teach children to overcome difficulties and cultivate children to learn to get good feelings from life.