There are two factors that affect children's personality development; One is heredity and the other is environment. Children have personality differences after birth, such as some lively and some quiet; Some are flexible and some are rigid, which is mainly due to the difference of congenital nerve types. Children before the age of 3 have unstable psychological characteristics and are easily attracted by external things and constantly changing. After 3 years old, especially 5-6 years old, due to the constant changes in living conditions and the constant demands of adults in kindergarten collective life, the independence and purpose of children's psychological activities are gradually enhanced. Generally speaking, at the age of 2, the personality gradually germinates, the personality of children aged 3-6 begins to form, and children aged 5-6 have begun to form relatively stable and regular psychological characteristics, which is the period when personality really begins to form.
The characteristics and laws of children's personality development 0 1 The younger the age, the more dominant the physiological needs.
Motivation ranges from external motivation to internal motivation.
Orientation, emotion and motivation of interest.
The development and structure of children's self-awareness
Insight-cognitive components (self-perception, self-concept, self-observation, self-evaluation).
Self-experience-emotional components (self-esteem, self-confidence)
Self-regulation-will component (self-examination, self-supervision and self-control)
Development of self-awareness
Development of self-feeling (1 before age)
Development of self-knowledge (1~2 years old)
Germination of self-awareness (2~3 years old)
Development of self-awareness in all aspects (after 3 years old)
What aspects does the child's personality development include? Human personality is a complex, multi-faceted and multi-level dynamic structural system, which is mainly composed of: personality tendency (including needs, motives, interests, ambitions, ideals, beliefs, outlook on life, etc. ), personality psychological characteristics (including temperament, personality, ability, etc. ), self-seeking consciousness (including self-knowledge, self-experience, self-adjustment, etc. ), as well as psychological processes (including feelings) and psychological states (including attention, passion, heartbeat, etc. ), when the above components are combined into a unified whole and have unique characteristics of stability and tendency, it constitutes a personality. For young children, personality characteristics are the main content of personality development. Self-consciousness refers to the subject's self-consciousness, which is an important part of personality, a sign of personality formation level and a factor to promote personality development.
Factors affecting children's personality development According to 5 1 Dongshibian Xiao, the factors affecting children's personality development usually include heredity, family environment and social environment. The cultural atmosphere of children's growth is also one of the environmental factors that affect personality development. Other factors related to children's personality development include the quality of parents' care, the way parents treat their children, the discipline and interaction of parents. Many other theories about children's personality development assume that social and gender adaptation will also affect children's personality, and parents and others usually treat boys and girls differently. Children often make judgments about the world and their place according to their own observations and experiences, and these judgments will eventually affect their own character.
The characteristics of children's temperament types and the measurement of temperament are the behavior ways of infants responding to environmental stimuli. The baby's temperament has a certain relationship with heredity and is relatively stable. Every baby has its own temperament from infancy, which is the earliest obvious and stable personality characteristic after the baby is born, and the first personality characteristic that parents can observe. Although the temperament characteristics of each baby are quite stable, their temperament will also change with their own growth and the influence of environmental factors.
0 1 Difficult-to-raise babies have difficulty in forming rules on sleeping, eating, defecating and other issues; Seeing strangers is afraid, rejecting new things and adapting slowly; It is difficult to raise, mostly because of negative emotions, easy to cry and move, and cry and make a scene after encountering difficulties.
Parenting Countermeasures Parents should consciously guide their babies from an early age and play more games with them to make them more active. They can take the baby to participate in sensory integration training courses such as skateboarding, so that the active baby can release energy. It is also necessary to gradually cultivate the regularity of the baby's life, so that the baby's diet, sleep, stool and so on. Will change from disorder to regularity.
Easy-to-raise babies are easy to form rules in sleeping, eating and urinating; Easy to accept new things and strangers, laugh at everyone, be friendly to people, take the initiative and be generous; Emotions are mostly positive, mild, quick to adapt, easier to raise, and less prone to psychological and behavioral problems in the future.
Parenting Countermeasures Parents should be concerned about the physical and mental condition of the well-bred baby, especially the slight complaints or complaints about the baby, so that the well-bred baby can grow up healthily in all directions.
Slow-start baby's initial reaction to new things and strangers is to shrink back, adapt slowly, and adapt slowly after repeated contact; The reaction intensity is low, the activity level is low, and both positive and negative reactions are mild.
Parenting Countermeasures Parents need to pay more attention to the needs of such babies, patiently help them adapt to the surrounding environment, and give them time to fully consider and cope. Usually, you can do more competitive games with your children. When you feel limited, your child will try to make himself move faster.
According to different characteristics, intermediate type is divided into intermediate easy-to-maintain type, and its performance characteristics are close to easy-to-maintain type; The intermediate type is difficult to maintain, and its performance characteristics are close to that of difficult to maintain.
Parenting Countermeasures Parents can choose a closed way for early education according to their baby's characteristics.
Children's personality development problem 0 1 sensitive and timid performance is abnormal sensitivity to the external environment, poor interpersonal skills, high dependence, unwilling to express their own requirements; Behavior is slow retreat; I feel calmer.
In the process of getting in touch with and adapting to the new environment, the solution needs parents' early companionship, and on the basis of children's gradual familiarity, children are consciously allowed to express themselves; The task of establishing "zone of proximal development" is to challenge and stimulate children's inner ability.
The performance of rebellious confrontation is always in an excited emotional state, acting according to one's own ideas and never considering the consequences. Likes to attack and invade others, and has a strong rebellious attitude.
Solution Parents should create a quiet and peaceful family atmosphere, reduce or eliminate some sources of violence, and guide their children to do some reading or manual activities. Make rules for children's behaviors and activities, and resolutely follow these rules to restrain children's requirements and behaviors.
The performance of loneliness and indifference is that they are not interested in the external environment of ordinary children, and there is no obvious response no matter what happens. More docile, but the behavior life is very regular. Rarely can you clearly express your emotional needs. People who have no fixed intimate relationship.
The solution is to reduce the time children spend alone or alone with toys. Parents should spend more time with them, communicate with them more and criticize them less. You can create more opportunities to help children make friends with peers, so that children can learn to communicate with others and actively express themselves in the process of playing with others.
There are many things I like to do, but it is difficult to concentrate on one thing. The thing I like is only three minutes hot. Energetic and active, but sometimes quiet.
Solutions reduce novel and diverse stimuli and temptations in the environment, set goals and cultivate children's patience; Parents should pay more attention to the process of children's activities and less attention to the results of children's activities, and establish children's inherent interest in the activities themselves.
Stubbornness is manifested in some things involving children themselves. If his parents ask for his advice, he will give his own requirements and opinions whether he understands it or not. Self-willed, repeatedly adhere to their own opinions; Beating and cursing have no obvious effect on him.
Solution Parents pay attention to the real needs of their children; When the child is willful, parents should first satisfy the child's heart, and then educate him to learn to bear the consequences of his actions and avoid similar behaviors from happening again; In daily life, children should be inspired to learn to solve problems from multiple angles.
Dependence on people shows excessive dependence on parents, and wherever parents go, they go. I am very sensitive and fragile to my parents' attitudes and emotions, and I will cry because of a little thing.
The solution is to understand the behavior of children's emotional needs, and parents should try their best to meet their emotional needs and give them the freedom to express their feelings.
Arrogant children tend to overestimate themselves and think they are better than anyone else. They only see their own advantages and can't see their own shortcomings. Most of them are self-centered.
Solution Parents should patiently teach their children to correctly evaluate themselves and regulate their behavior. If they achieve results, they must be open-minded; The reward for children should be mainly spiritual encouragement, supplemented by material rewards.
Selfishness and xenophobia will not consider the feelings of others, as long as I want it, I must have it; Toys and food can only be monopolized by themselves and are unwilling to share.
Don't force it, let the children share it voluntarily; Parents should lead by example and set an example; Tell children stories about sharing, and take them to play games about sharing.
Lying shows that there are many kinds of children's "lies", such as imaginary lies, desire lies, ignorance lies, game lies, excuses lies, convenience lies, friendship lies, attention lies, revenge lies and deception lies.
The solution should be to recognize the children's psychology hidden behind the lies and take measures that are in line with their psychological state.
10 fear means that children are afraid of animals, or of heavy rain, lightning and thunder. In addition, children's fear of the dark is also common.
Solution Parents can help their children get familiar with animals through pictures and toys; Tell children how to protect themselves when they encounter dangerous natural phenomena; If the child wakes up at night, he should be told to turn off the lights and sleep.
1 1 jealous and narrow-minded, parents are forbidden to be close to or love other children; If other children succeed, they will be unconvinced, vilify, satirize and exclude other children. Other children wear better clothes than themselves, or their toys are more beautiful and novel, and they all envy them. When other children can't satisfy their own desires, they will have opposing emotions, or resentment, or take other forms of compensation and substitution.
The solution encourages children to be diligent, enterprising and helpful; We should punish and educate impetuous and selfish behaviors in order to cultivate their good moral quality. Appropriately praise and praise children; Inspire children to turn jealousy into a sense of competition; Teach children to be honest with others.
How to cultivate children's good character? Adults should set an example, and children who play an exemplary role mainly imitate their behavior. Therefore, MaiGoo believes that people around us must have healthy behavior and good quality in front of children, so that children can be inspired and purified by the power of role models and grow up along the beautiful track of personality development.
To create a good environment, we should create a "transparent" living space for children, provide good performance opportunities, and give full play to children's talents, hobbies and specialties. Give children freedom and initiative and do what they like.
Cultivating children's lively, cheerful and optimistic personality To cultivate children's cheerful and optimistic personality, adults must first maintain positive emotions in front of children. When children encounter setbacks and difficulties, we should guide them to use their brains and find ways to train them to understand and solve problems in a positive way and improve their psychological endurance.
Give children more love from adults. If children are kind, kind and considerate, they will be satisfied and happy when they are concerned, which will encourage them to take the initiative and make continuous progress. If you reprimand or even punish them with an expression, children will gradually form bad characters such as inferiority, fear, timidity and blind obedience.
Cultivate children's independence. Whatever children can do by themselves, we can give them appropriate guidance and help, let them do it by themselves, and don't suddenly stop it. It is very important for children to participate in adult activities properly, which plays an important role in the development of their independence and the formation of their abilities in all aspects.
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