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Efficient literacy teaching method
First, create opportunities to improve interest in literacy.
Adopt reasonable literacy forms according to different texts. Generally, when there are many new words and the text is long, centralized literacy can be used, which can save literacy time, cultivate self-study ability, make the text more coherent and smooth, and avoid the fragmentation of the text because of teaching too many new words. In operation, students can be liberated from the traditional mode of "asking me to learn", given the opportunity to choose freely, find out the new words they want to learn and can learn, give full play to students' subjective initiative, and truly put students in the main position. Practice has proved that this form of centralized literacy has high enthusiasm of students and a relaxed and active classroom atmosphere. At the same time, consciously find out the similarities of the new words you teach and carry out classified teaching, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Pay attention to guidance and teach students literacy methods.
Teachers' guidance on students' learning is very important, especially for junior high school students' literacy. Students always study according to their own learning methods. Therefore, the guidance of teachers plays a directional role. It can be seen that literacy teaching is not only to let students master a few Chinese characters, but more importantly, to teach students literacy methods while teaching literacy, and constantly improve their literacy ability, so that they can actively acquire and use the regular knowledge of Chinese characters, thus successfully completing the process of analyzing and synthesizing Chinese characters, making this process more perfect and simplified, and contributing to the improvement of literacy teaching quality. Commonly used methods are:
1 Memorize glyphs with basic words.
Students have mastered a certain number of independent words, and take these simple and easy-to-remember independent words as basic words, and use the methods of addition, subtraction or combination of basic words to help students remember glyphs. For example, adding "day" is "eye", subtracting "eye" is "day", and the combination of "day" and "month" is "Ming".
2. Use radicals to change memory glyphs.
Many words can become another new word by adding, removing or changing radicals. Teachers can classify the words they have learned and let students tell how one word is obtained by adding, subtracting or changing the radical of another word, so as to fully explore the transfer and association functions in students' minds. For example, the word "line" and "left" are removed next to the word "Jing" and "Sun", the word "sitting" and "drifting" are removed, and the word "wind" is replaced by water.
3 Use the characteristics of pictophonetic characters to memorize glyphs.
A considerable number of Chinese characters are pictophonetic characters, with radicals indicating meaning and phonetic symbols beside them. This feature of pictophonetic characters can effectively help students understand and remember glyphs. For example, "evasion" is the evasion of dragonflies, so it is pronounced beside and to the right of the word "worm", and the whole word is also pronounced as "qρng". Thinking and explaining from this angle, students will basically not forget anything.
Memorize glyphs with vivid and interesting stories.
There are some words, teachers can grasp the characteristics of glyphs and make up short stories, so that students can unconsciously keep the glyphs in their minds forever in a relaxed and happy atmosphere when listening to the stories. For example, when teaching the word "swim", you can tell students that there must be water (next to the three-point water) when swimming, and the swimming pool is generally square (with the word "square" in the middle). Children must pay attention to safety (children) when swimming and must be accompanied by adults (people).
5 Use various forms of exercises to memorize glyphs.
In addition to letting students listen, read and do a certain amount of mechanical copying, teachers can also do some innovative exercises to "test" students, stimulate curiosity and strengthen memory. For example, "Sun+Moon =? (Ming), each grass =? (in the morning) You can also let the students write their own questions to test the teacher. In addition, you can also use the characteristics of riddles to master glyphs, hold competitions, consolidate them repeatedly in multiple channels and forms, and use them flexibly to help students remember glyphs.
Cultivate students' autonomous literacy ability and learn to read in life.
When students master many methods in learning, they can use them flexibly according to different situations of Chinese characters.
1 sister, change the radical.
Words with similar shapes but different shapes, such as "bubble, hug and cannon", are called "sister words" by students. There are many such phenomena in Chinese characters, and changing radicals has become the main way for students to remember new words. When learning "Cang", they will compare "grab" with "gun"; Learn "Tan" and they will think of "Dan". I figured out the relationship between glyphs, so it was much easier to learn, and I also reviewed the words I had learned before at random.
2 complex words, take it apart.
For words with complex stroke structure, it will be difficult to combine words and become easy. For example, there are many strokes on the right side of the scroll, so the children use their brains and quickly come up with a reciting method: on the right side of the scroll, take apart the "clothes" and put in a "gong", but the "gong" should be changed to a point. In this way, students can quickly remember such difficult words and remember them quite firmly.
3 Error-prone words, using features to remember.
When students learn the word "rabbit", they often forget ",",but they have a good idea: "Teacher, that's the short tail of a small white rabbit. White rabbits without short tails are not cute. We must never forget! " When learning the word "skewer", the students thought of mutton skewers: "I like mutton skewers best. Those two mouths are mutton, and that one is a stick that wears mutton. Together, it is a string of mutton skewers. " What a vivid image! The children were in high spirits and remembered the new word "string" in their happy laughter, which increased their interest in learning and their sense of accomplishment.
4 read, know its meaning, and remember its shape.
Children don't know what knowing is, but they think it's really interesting. For example, "crooked" and "crooked", students observe carefully to see if there are any special findings. There is a "no" above the word "crooked" and a "positive" below it. Since it is "crooked", it is certainly crooked! "For this kind of special words, students understand its meaning and quickly remember its shape. In practice, students have developed the habit of looking for the best way to read. Give the initiative to students, and when they devote themselves to thinking in various ingenious ways, literacy teaching will not only become easy but also full of fun and happiness!
I think literacy teaching must be closely linked with students' lives, and the teaching content, means and forms must reflect the characteristics of openness, flexibility and vividness, so that students can enjoy learning in extensive, vivid and interesting activities and improve their literacy ability. According to children's cognitive rules, the first words that children know are most closely related to their daily life, such as "father, mother and me". Therefore, we can start with students' interests, lead students' vision to a colorful life, and advocate literacy in life. Guide students to read in life, and we strive to be diverse, vivid and interesting; Strive to combine inside and outside the class, communicate inside and outside the school, and reflect openness.
(1) Make full use of campus cultural resources to guide students to read.
The garden in the classroom, the bulletin board on campus, the slogan in the window. Guide students to read while visiting the campus. When you meet students, pull them to your side and often ask, what is written here? Soon students can even recognize complex words.
(2) Identify the names of subjects and let students read words quickly and effectively.
Give each student a seat map of the whole class so that parents can help their children get familiar with the names of the whole class at home. You can make a beautiful business card for each student, stick it on the desk or hang it on your chest, so that students can know the name of the classmate at any time and let the name of the classmate be known soon.
(3) Literacy with the help of objects and pictures in life.
There are many ready-made objects in the classroom, such as doors, windows, desks, blackboards, televisions and tape recorders, which can be pasted with word cards so that students can recognize them when they see the words representing the objects. We also have a literacy competition by category to see who knows more words. For example, school supplies, fruits, vegetables, plants and animals.
Fourth, review and consolidate new words in various forms.
Pupils learn to read quickly and forget quickly. If the learned new words are not reviewed and consolidated in time, they will easily come back to life. Children can't master words at once. Just because you know what you want to master doesn't mean you have mastered it completely. It depends on whether you can use it correctly and flexibly. More practice and application can not only broaden and deepen the understanding of words, but also exercise the accuracy and flexibility of students' logical thinking and improve their language expression ability. Therefore, students should be given enough opportunities to practice and use the words they have learned in teaching. In order to make students master new words firmly, they must do a good job of reviewing and consolidating, and the ways and means should be varied.
When teaching new words, you can consolidate literacy through games.
Driving a train: This game is played in groups. When the children make the sound of "Woo-click, click", the teacher shows a new word and asks a group of students to spell syllables and analyze glyphs in turn. If any student has a wrong pronunciation and incorrect glyph analysis, the train can't run. Give an order to stop, and you can't go on until it is repaired.
Crossword puzzle: According to the characteristics of these words, guide students to guess crossword puzzles to help them remember. For example: "One point one beam, a window is opened under the beam, a big mouth is opened, and a small mouth is hidden." Guess what word (height) riddle, and write the word.
Recite verse: teach students to recite verse when they encounter difficult words. For example, the word "lai": "horizontal drop and horizontal increase, one vertical, one left and one right in the middle of the word. This word will not be forgotten. " In this way, students can recite the jingle and write strokes.
Mail delivery: Please ask the students who study hard in this class to be the postman and send the new word cards to the students one by one as letters. Other children clapped their hands and sang children's songs together: "Ding, Ding, the postman has come to deliver the letter. Not afraid of the wind, not afraid of the rain, and serving the people wholeheartedly. " After the letter is delivered, please go to the stage to read it one by one and analyze the font.
Call number: put the new word card on the blackboard and let a student point and ask: what word is this? Other students answered. Strengthen students' ability to distinguish sounds, shapes and characters through questions and answers.
Add bricks and tiles: write an incomplete word and let the students complete the strokes. For example, after learning the words water, cow and sheep, students not only remember the stroke order rules of the word "water" first in the middle and then on both sides, but also can distinguish the vertical difference between the word "cow" and the word "sheep".
Find a friend: Let the students find the right words to match some words and form new words.
Sticking bark: Show a picture of a big tree with pinyin written on its trunk. Please post a small card with new words written on it. Don't post it wrong.
Pick apples: Show a picture of a big tree with apples with new words on it. Students make a fruit basket (spell the correct pronunciation and spelling of new words with cards) and choose the corresponding apples (new words). We can compete in groups to see which group picks more apples.
Fishing: Show a picture of a pond. There are many fish in the pond. Students say the corresponding new words, form words and go fishing on stage. It can also be divided into men and women and team competitions.
Dress and wear a hat: write an incomplete word and let the students complete the strokes. For example, "field, field, water". After completion, the students also remembered the difference between "field and field". Make up words and say a sentence separately (after dressing neatly). It can also be used for new words composed of two familiar words. Let the students practice combining words, such as "day" and "wood" to synthesize "fruit"
Junior students like to play games. In the process of literacy teaching in lower grades, teachers should stimulate students' interest in learning according to this psychological characteristic, use various games in a timely and selective manner, create a pleasant learning atmosphere for students, and make literacy teaching enter the ideal situation of "teachers enjoy teaching and students enjoy learning".
Combine reading and writing exercises to guide students to use the words they have learned.
Comprehensive training is much better than just copying and memorizing new words, which is conducive to cultivating students' reading and writing ability. Generally, students can be guided to use the words they have learned by reading aloud, repeating, making sentences with words, speaking, writing and reading after class.
Combination of reading and writing. On the basis of mastering the sound, form and meaning of characters, students should continue to write in order to master fonts firmly. At the same time, it is also an important task of Chinese teaching in primary schools, which requires students to write correctly and neatly.
Literacy is combined with reading. To know Chinese characters, students should study hard, read more books and be familiar with Chinese characters. We should always pay attention to cultivating students' practical and serious reading habits. When reading, pay attention to your mouth, eyes and heart. First of all, it is required to read the pronunciation and the content of each sentence correctly, and then read it fluently on the basis of understanding the text and express the thoughts and feelings of the text correctly. If you don't know the words, you should look them up in the dictionary in time.
Six literacy methods
1, pictographic literacy: Nowadays, Chinese characters have evolved from pictographs, and many characters are similar in shape to what they represent. For these words, children can read them by pictograms to deepen their impressions. Such as mountains, rocks, fields, grasslands, the sun, the moon, water and fire.
2. Descriptive literacy: according to the characteristics of glyphs, Chinese characters are described by actions, languages and associations. Let the children form a vivid picture in their minds and remember it.
3, riddle literacy method: according to the font characteristics of some Chinese characters, make up riddles and let children remember new words by guessing, which will have unexpected effects. Interested in riddle literacy, you can also read an article I pushed before, "50 riddles, let children learn 50 Chinese characters."
4. Better literacy: Many Chinese characters are added, subtracted or changed into another Chinese character. Let the children observe carefully, compare the stroke changes of the two words, and then remember the pronunciation and grouping of the words respectively, which is not only fast but also firm. The word "day" has been added, which can be changed to: white, eye, reason, a, Shen, electricity and field. Adding a stroke to the word "wood" can become: grain, root, technique, end and tail. Add a stroke to the word "earth" and it becomes: Wang; Subtract a sum: two, ten; Change a pen to: fuck.
5, change the radical literacy method: some words have strong derivative ability, and with different radicals, they can become different words. The completely changed literacy method is to weave these same words into rhythmic poetic forms, remember a poem and remember all similar words. For example, with different radicals, the word "green" can be changed to sunny, sunny, affectionate, please, eyes, evasive and so on. For another example, the word "ye" can also be derived from several different words, such as land, he, she, pool and pool.
6. Word-splitting literacy: Chinese characters are all composed of certain parts. For some complicated words, you can skillfully take them apart to remember. This poetic method is suitable for memorizing many compound words, which is firm and accurate, and it is not easy to miss small strokes when writing.
The benefits of children's literacy
First, literacy can make children smarter.
Of course, early education does not only mean literacy, but should focus on developing the potential, intelligence and personality of infants and young children. There is no doubt about it. The first element of intelligence is language ability (auditory language and visual language), which mainly depends on vocabulary. Teaching children to read as soon as possible will increase their vocabulary rapidly.
Children can read, although they only imitate the pronunciation of adults, but this process is not completely passive. In the interesting study, he should carefully observe the shape of the word (for example, the word "zhong" is three "people" together), associate it with the corresponding objects and actions (for example, learning the word "cat" will remind him of home, and learning the word "eat" will make him do the action of scraping rice into his mouth), and analyze and compare the similarities and differences between the new words and the shapes of a word he knows (for example, teaching "cat") In other words, teaching children to read as early as possible will make them smart.
Second, literacy can promote the synchronous development of children's "visual language" and "auditory language".
Human languages are divided into auditory language (obedient speech) and visual language (literate reading). Auditory language acts on auditory organs and is mainly used for daily dialogue and communication. Visual language acts on visual organs. It is a high-level language of human beings, which can develop into a silent internal language, that is, "thought flow". If you really want to make a difference in life, you must master the visual language and the inner language transformed from it. If a child's visual language lags behind and misses the best development period in the early life, its loss is immeasurable.
We advocate infant literacy, mainly to let children get used to the world's "characters" and "books" as soon as possible, knowing that everyone likes reading. If children are used to seeing things, they can recognize them anytime and anywhere. If children cultivate literacy and reading sensitivity at an early age and turn them into habits, then they will get used to learning and thinking with two thinking tools at an early age, so that "visual language" and "auditory language" can develop simultaneously.
Third, literacy can make children gain more knowledge.
As we all know, literacy is the basis of reading. If you can't read, you can only gain knowledge through direct contact with things around you. After knowing a certain number of words, you can read books and newspapers, which opens up a channel for children to acquire a lot of new knowledge. Research shows that 80% of people's knowledge is obtained from reading. The wealth of knowledge will in turn encourage children to think better, because the more materials they accumulate in their minds, the greater the possibility of mutual contact and communication between materials, so that children's thinking will be more sensitive and accurate. Many precocious children trained by Feng-style early education are characterized by literacy at the age of three or four and extensive reading at the age of five or six, thus gaining rich knowledge and entering the fast lane of subsequent development.
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