Test analysis: when translating the first sentence, pay attention to the fact that "although" is interpreted as a turning point, "qi" is a pronoun and interpreted as that, "er" is progressive here, and "wise" refers to your majesty; In the second sentence, pay attention to the land behind "neighbors" and "gentlemen"; In the third sentence, pay attention to the assumption that "general" means "going to make an envoy" When doing translation questions, we should first go back to the context, read the whole meaning of the sentence according to the context, then think about the assignment point that the proposer may determine, follow the principle of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" and use the five-word method of "leaving, deleting, changing, supplementing and adjusting" to translate.
2. The full text of the classical Chinese "Sima Guang Bi Tan" Sima Guang was born at the age of seven, and he was as majestic as an adult. He heard about Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, loved it, and retired to his family, which was his great purpose. Posture: I can't put the book down. I don't know if I am hungry, thirsty, cold or hot.
When Sima Guang was seven years old, he was handsome and distinguished, and he was already like an adult. I like it very much to hear others explain Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. When I get home and tell my family what I have heard, I can make clear the general meaning of Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals. Later, I have been studying so hard that sometimes I forget hunger and cold.
Minister Yan Guang said: For the first time, I sorted out the deeds of monarchs and ministers in past dynasties, and was awarded the title of "Purple Tongzhi Sword" by decree. Now I have finished it. Fu Nianchen is ignorant by nature, poor academically and inferior in everything he does. Independent of the previous history, I wholeheartedly taste it, and I never tire of listening to it since I was a child. Since the relocation and merger, there are many words that people who wear their own clothes have never read. Man can conquer nature, and there are thousands of opportunities every day, so why look around! I often don't smoke myself. I want to cut down redundancy, quote secrets and make a book about the rise and fall of the country, which is related to people's lives. Good can be the law, evil can be the precept. Make it coherent, thin and thick, thin and thin, with nothing to do. When I met Emperor Yingzong, I was wise by nature, applied the rule of civilization, thought about the past and thought about the future, and made a big speech with restoration. I loved to write letters to ministers and make them easy to compile. I hope that once I get what I wanted in the past, I am eager to flatter, but I am afraid I can't say it. The first emperor still ordered him to choose his own official, set up a bureau in Chongwen Academy, and promised to borrow books such as Dragon Map, Tianzhangge, Sanguan and Secret Pavilion, and gave the court ink and silk and court money as fruit bait, which was borne by my minister. I was honored as soon as possible. Unfortunately, the book did not enter the imperial palace, and the first emperor violated the minister. Your majesty respects the big system, inherits the first ambition, favors the crown order and enjoys the reputation of tin. Every time a banquet is given, he is often asked to read it. Although I am stupid, the Dutch and the Dutch dynasty know that I am so kind, and I lost my body and yuan. I didn't report enough. How dare I leave it? You will know little about Yongxing Army, and you will not be asked to treat drama because of your illness. You will be redundant in begging. Your majesty did what he wanted, and he got a generous gift. He was sentenced to stay in Xijing as an imperial adviser and was promoted to six positions in Chongfu Palace in Songshan. He still listened to the bookstore and gave it a rank of Lu, but he was not responsible for his career. I have nothing else to do. I can study hard and do everything. The power is insufficient during the day, followed by the night. Reading old history, adopting side novels, simple and full of books, vast and secluded, and having a good school plan. From the Warring States to the Five Dynasties, 1362 completed 294 volumes.
Minister Sima Yanguang said: In the past, I compiled the deeds of emperors and ministers by imperial edict. Soon, the imperial edict named it "Purple Tongzhi Sword". Now, the book has been completely finalized. I am ignorant and reckless, and I am more academic. Everything I do is below others. Just for the sake of history, I have a love for my heart, and my hobbies are tireless from young to old. I deeply feel that since Sima Qian and Ban Gu, there are more and more historical records, and ordinary people have plenty of time, but they can't finish reading them. What's more, a powerful king is very busy, how can he have leisure? I have always had an ambition to sort out, delete unnecessary nonsense, extract the essence, and compile a chronicle of political behavior related to the rise and fall of the country and the joys and sorrows of the people. Good can be the law and evil can be the precept. Production order, clear presentation, content length, complexity and appropriateness. I can't start because of my poor personal resources. Fortunately, I met Emperor Yingzong (Zhao Zongshi, Song Taizu). He was smart and wise, cared about the promotion of culture, and wanted to know about ancient political affairs as a basis for formulating national plans and policies. I ordered it specially and taught me to start making it up. The wishes of the past, suddenly can play, jubilant, unable to control themselves. The only fear is that I am too ignorant and incompetent. My late emperor (Zhao Zongshi, the fifth emperor) also ordered me to find my own assistant and set up an editorial department in Chongwen Academy, allowing me to borrow books from libraries such as Longtuge, Tianzhangge, Sanguan (Zhao Wen Guan, Ji Xian Guan, National History Guan) and Secret Guan. And send the royal pen, ink, paper and inkstone, especially to reward and buy fruit snacks. And appointed eunuchs as liaison officers, who could report directly to the late emperor. The depth of gratitude and affection is unprecedented in modern times. Unfortunately, before this book was submitted, the first emperor died. Your Majesty (Zhao Yong, the sixth emperor) succeeded to the Great System, and also inherited the will, issued a preface and personally named the book. I am often ordered to read it when I give lectures at the headquarters. Although I am ignorant, I was treated so well by two emperors that I couldn't repay a thousand even if I was killed. As long as you have enough ability, how dare you be lazy? At that time, * * * sent me to be the commander of Yongxing (Xi 'an, Shaanxi) theater (knowing Yongxing Army). Due to physical weakness and illness, I can't do heavy work and request to be transferred to other official positions. Considering the situation, your majesty agreed to my request. I was appointed as the supervisor of Xijing (Luoyang City, Henan Province) (sentenced to stay in the Imperial Palace in Xijing) and concurrently the administrator of Chongfu Palace in Songshan, Xijing (promoted to Chongfu Palace in Songshan, Xijing). After six transfers, the editorial department was allowed to move with me. And only pay the funds, and never agree to hand in the results on time. I didn't have other important things, so I devoted all my energy, studied hard and tried my best. The day is not enough, followed by night. Not only chose the official history, but also unofficial history (novel), and the letters and documents on the side were piled up. We explore the historical truth in the most secret places and correct every word. From the Warring States to the Five Dynasties, 1362 has 294 volumes.
3. Help me translate the classical Chinese Yangzui, which is the temple of words. This is a flood shooter. In the twelfth year of Zheng De, he was admitted to Jinshi. Be appointed Minister of Industry. I went to Shanxi to pay the rent tax in arrears, and I sympathize with the poverty of the people. He came back without inviting the emperor. Leo Lee impeached him, and the emperor ordered him to go. Yang Zui and Yu Shi Niu Tianlin tried their best to explain the poverty situation of the poor and asked for an extension of the collection. The emperor agreed to his request. Successive card shark. He used to control the floods in the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River. Just as Sejong advised the emperor when he acceded to the throne: "Baoying Shuguang Lake is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and the ship only needs to travel more than 30 miles from the lake. The dam in the northeast is only three feet above the water. When it rains and winds, it will burst, affecting the transportation of ships, and the fertile fields of Cheng Jian, Xinghua, Tongzhou and Taizhou will all suffer disasters. Just like Bai Gui's construction of Gaoyou Jikang Lake levee, ministers should be specially appointed to build inland rivers and heighten the old levee as an outer barrier, so as to ensure that there will be no flood in a hundred years. This is an excellent countermeasure. Secondly, planting multiple wooden stakes along the river can stop the storm to a certain extent and increase the thickness of the old dike, which will not be too low and can also support for many years. If you just plug the gaps and gaps, I hope there will be no accidents for the time being, and it will rain heavily. If it accumulates into a big wave, there will be no countermeasures. " After analysis and study, the Ministry of Industry decided to adopt his second suggestion. Later, he became the magistrate of Ningbo. It is very convenient for the people to ask the emperor to allow the people in eastern Zhejiang to stop paying their property and order them to use silver instead. After many promotions, he was appointed as a provincial judge in Guizhou and later became a servant in North Korea. Ming Shizong loved immortals, and Gu Cunren, AG and Wang Nayan were all convicted for making rude remarks. There happened to be an alchemist named Duan Chaoyong who, relying on Guo Xun, dedicated more than 100 pieces of platinum utensils he made to the emperor, saying that with this, he could invite immortals. The emperor immediately called him to talk, and he was very happy. Duan Chaoyong said: The emperor lives in the deep palace and should not be in contact with outsiders. Will be refined into gold and get the medicine of immortality. The emperor was even happier and ordered the minister to let the prince supervise the affairs of state. "I will retire for a year or two and then manage state affairs as before." The audience was shocked and dared not speak. Yang Zui bluntly remonstrated with the emperor and said, "Your Majesty is in his prime, but he wrote a letter to talk about it. He just saw a piece of land and wanted to take medicine to become immortal. Immortals are made by people who practice in the mountains. Where can someone live in a luxurious palace, wear gorgeous clothes and eat exquisite food, but fly to the sky during the day? Even if I am stupid, I dare not follow the instructions. " The emperor was furious, and immediately ordered Yang to be drunk and put in prison, and the rod punishment was repeatedly banned. Yang was drunk and died before the rod punishment was finished.
After Yang Zui died, the prince's suggestion of supervising the country was not implemented. The next year, Guo Xun died in prison for his crime, and Duan Chao's scam was also discovered and later executed. In the first year, Yang was appointed as the rightmost deputy capital, posthumous title Zhongyi.
4. Liu translated the ancient prose Liu, the word Jing, from Yongxin County. He was extremely clever since he was a child. His father taught him to read and recite thousands of words every day. Seeing that he was eager to learn, his father forbade him to write articles. One day, my father came across his "Kitchen Sacrifice" and was very surprised.
Liu won the first place in the first year of the orthodox examination after he was awarded the juren in the examination, and palace examination also won the ranking. The emperor made him an editor. Liu is honest and upright, but he is also very modest and diligent, especially in literature.
The emperor once ordered him to write "Yuanxiao Poetry", but the eunuch stood by and waited. Liu Yi unfolded the paper and immediately wrote down a hundred seven-character quatrains. On another occasion, Liu drafted nine proclamations in one day and kept writing. Someone asked the name of the Song Dynasty, and he immediately arranged the birth families (in fact, genealogy). As soon as the genealogy was checked, people marveled at his agility and erudition.
There are droughts in Jiangxi and Huguang, but local officials still collect taxes from the people. Liu advised the emperor: "At present, the national grain depot is sufficient and the reserves are thick, but people in Jiangxi, Huguang and other places have to pay rent and pay taxes because of disasters. This is not the original intention of the emperor to love the people. Please be merciful. " The emperor was moved by his words and immediately ordered to stop collecting taxes.
Extended data:
Liu is honest and upright, but he is also very modest and diligent, especially in literature. He is quick-witted, knowledgeable, magnificent and unpredictable. Although most of the engine shafts came from Susan, he managed to dispose of them. It is implicit in poetry; Worrying about the country and people is often revealed between the lines. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Liu became famous all over the world, and he was the best among a generation of literary giants. Although warriors are brave, they all admire biographies.
On one occasion, the emperor ordered him to write "Yuanxiao Poetry", while the eunuch in charge stood and waited. According to Liu's case, there are hundreds of quatrains in seven words, which is amazing. On another occasion, Liu drafted nine letters in one day, and he kept writing. Since he joined the cabinet, the court has produced many famous works.
Someone once asked him the name of the minister of the Song Dynasty, and Liu immediately published their genealogy. Just like the family genealogy, everyone admired his intelligence and erudition.
Liu (1409-1469 September 15), a native of Yongxin, Jiangxi. Ministers and writers of the Ming Dynasty.
The first year of orthodoxy (1436), Jinshi. After two years of editing, horse washing and Chenghua (1466), Li Guan joined Zhiwenyuan Pavilion and became the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry and a bachelor of Hanlin. In the fourth year of Chenghua (1468), he was transferred to the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. In the fifth year of Chenghua (1469), Liu died at the age of 6 1 year. Posthumously awarded does history, posthumous title "Wen An".
Liu is knowledgeable and good at the art of poetry and prose, and he has written Illustrations of Zhouyi, Wu Tai Lu, Dai Zhai Ji and so on.
Later, Liu, Liu, Liu and Liu jointly wrote a letter saying, "The Empress Dowager is a match for the first emperor and is in the palace. Your majesty honored her as the empress dowager and declared the world by imperial decree. The relationship between the first emperor and the whole husband and wife, your majesty's love for mother and son, have a sense of justice. Now the Empress Dowager Zi Gong is going to be buried with Yuling, and her god is going to attach a sacrifice to the ancestral temple, which is an unchangeable gift.
Recently, I heard that the Empress Dowager was going to be buried somewhere else. I really doubt it. Privately, we think that your majesty is hesitant, because considering that today's empress dowager should be honored as the first emperor after her death, she is worried that the system of matching the two empresses with the first emperor is not our ancestors. However, in ancient times, Emperor Wen of China respected his mother, Empress Bo, and Lv Hou still held sacrifices in Changling.
Song Renzong paid homage to his birth mother, while Empress Liu still offered sacrifices to the ancestral temple. Now the mausoleum temple system is slightly improper, so it has the beauty of predecessors and is laughed at by future generations. Ninety-nine courtiers, including Li Bing, the official minister, and Yao Kui, the official minister, also agreed that Queen Mother Qian and Yingzong should be buried together. Xianzong was still worried about violating the wishes of Queen Zhou, and later issued a decree to choose another burial place for Queen Qian.
Yao Kui and more than 200 courtiers cried and begged at Wenhua Gate. Xianzong ordered the courtiers to stop crying and retreat. The courtiers kowtowed and refused to listen, saying, "I would never dare to abdicate without the will of the Queen Mother." Kneel from the fourth hour (9: 00 am ~11:00 am) to the angel (3: 00 pm ~ 5: 00 pm). Tang Xianzong and Zhou had no choice but to listen to the suggestions of Liu and others.
5. Lv Congyuan is willing to translate classical Chinese; Lu Huaishen is a native of Slippery State, about a noble family in john young. His grandfather, Lu Zun, was appointed as the magistrate of Lingchang County, so he became a native of Lingchang County. Lu Huaishen was already extraordinary when he was a child. His father's good friend Han Siyan lamented: "This child's talent is not * * *!" When he grew up, he became a scholar and served as a consultant. During the dragon period, he was promoted to counselor. Zhongzong went to Shang Yang Palace to meet Wuhou, and Wuhou wrote him a letter. Lu Huaishen remonstrated: "In the past, Emperor Gaozu was an emperor and went to Liyang Palace once every five days to meet the squire. Because he ascended the throne from Buyi, he owned the world and attributed the honor to his father, so he did so." What's more, yingtianmen is only two miles away from Xiangmen. You can't ride in a row, and you can't ride in parallel. It often comes out from here. If a fool invades the driver, it's too late to blame him. I think we should honor the queen mother in the inner court to avoid the trouble of going in and out. "Zhong zong didn't listen. He was promoted to Zhong Cheng in the right censorate. The last chapter states the politics at that time, saying, "I heard that good people continue to govern the country. "You can overcome cruelty and avoid being killed." Confucius said, "I am in charge of state affairs. One year is almost enough, and three years will be very fruitful." So Shangshu said: "Assess your political achievements every three years, and then decide to promote, commend or dismiss after three assessments." In the past, Zichan was the prime minister of the State of Zheng, reformed the law, and issued a punishment book. In the first year, everyone was angry and wanted to kill him. Recently, the state secretariat, the long history Sima, and the county magistrate of Gyeonggi moved officials in one or two years, or three or five months, regardless of their political achievements. In this way, people who don't move the official listened attentively, stood on tiptoe and rushed forward without shame. How can they declare corruption and pensions for your majesty? Etiquette can't be implemented, the registered permanent residence is more dispersed, the warehouse is more and more scarce, and the people are getting worse and worse, all of which are the reasons. People know that they haven't been an official for a long time, so they don't listen to his teachings. Officials know that the day of transfer is not far away, so they don't try their best. The title and stealing security are used to develop their qualifications and reputation. Although Mingjun has the ambition to rule the world diligently, the road of luck has been opened, and the upper and lower sides are deceiving each other. How can we be as open as possible? This is a national disease. What Jia Yi said about varus soles is a minor problem. The disease can't be cured, even if there are famous doctors. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, assessed birthright and made great efforts to manage birthright, which led to the trend of ethos. Ba Huang was an excellent satrap. Xuan Di gave him gold to increase his rank and commended his achievements on the spot, but he finally refused to move him to an official position. Therefore, he was an official in ancient times. In this way, it can continue to future generations. I request the viceroy, the secretariat, the long history Sima, and the county magistrate of Jixian County to serve for less than four years, and they cannot move their posts. If the governance is particularly excellent, you can add the rank of salary officer to the horses and chariots, send envoys to express condolences, and write letters to encourage them. You can only be promoted when there are open vacancies to encourage those who are talented and capable. For those who are incompetent or greedy and tyrannical, they can avoid officials and return home. Only 100 officials. The number of officials in Xia and Shang dynasties doubled, and talents can still be appointed. " This means reducing the number of officials. Therefore, it is said that "officials don't have to be all, only talents." Don't neglect the official position, food is the first thing for the people. "I'm talking about the selection of talents here. Now there are dozens of times more foreign officials in various lawsuits in the capital, which is unprecedented in modern times. If a person can do his duty on his behalf, he will probably do nothing. However, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on wages every year, which exhausts the national treasury in vain. Is this the original intention of seeking treatment? At present, the people's strength is extremely weak, and the expansion of the Yellow River Weishui water transport is not enough to supply the capital. The private losses of public officials are countless, and the border is still not calm. If there is a flood and drought, the tax revenue is reduced, the enemy is on alert at the border, and the grain reserve for relief is less than one year, what will your majesty use to solve the crisis? " Don't use the people's power easily, which will put people in danger; Don't stand still, because it's dangerous. " This means being cautious. Looking at these foreign officials, they are all talented and good officials in the world. Is it true that since ancient times, talents have been promoted but failed to play their role, respected by fame but failed to do their best? I request that talented foreign officials who can serve as local governors or spin doctor be promoted together, so that they can contribute to the local government and their achievements can be assessed by the imperial court. If the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled can't serve, everything will stop and the sages will be completely separated from the shameless. This is the urgent task at present. Fighting for power and profit, accepting bribes, bullying the weak and fearing the hard are the evils in political affairs. I saw officials inside and outside the court. And officials who killed civilians were exiled and demoted, but they were soon promoted back and still served as local governors. They were appointed in Jianghuai, Lingbiao and desert areas just to give a rough expression of punishment and condemnation. They give up on themselves, so that they are greedy for money, regardless of their health and have no intention of changing. A wise monarch should share the benefits equally with all things, and govern distant places with guilty officials, which is tantamount to giving a traitor a favor and abandoning the people far away. Ethnic minorities and China people live together in border areas. They are far away from danger, easily disturbed and difficult to settle down. If the Chief Executive is incompetent, civilians will be exiled and become thieves. From this perspective, ordinary people do not have it, let alone cunning officials. I request that those who have been suspended for taking bribes should be dismissed in less than a few decades, so they should not be given employment. The history books say that "distinguish between good and evil" is the truth. The children didn't answer. He was promoted to assistant minister of Huangmen, awarded uncle of Yuyang County, and Wei Zhigu was in charge of election affairs in Du Dong respectively. In the first year of Kaiyuan, they were appointed as both Wei Zihuang Men Pingzhang. Three years later, they were replaced. At this time, another imperial edict ordered Zihui and Huangmen provinces to verify the facts. Lu Huaishen and Yao Chong said: "Wang Xiantong's crime is very clear. If all the suggestions can be doubted, how can others believe them? "So the case is settled. Lu Huaishen thought he was not as talented as Yao Chong, so he went to work.